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1、III Be Bach【我也能成为巴赫】Composer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original works of classical music. It took Cope 30 years to develop the software. Now most people cant tell the difference between music by the famous German composer J. S. Bach (1685-1750) and the Bach-like co
2、mpositions from Copes computer.It all started in 1980 in the United States, when Cope was trying to write an opera. He was having trouble thinking of new melodies, so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies. At first this music was not easy to listen to. What did Cope do? He began to reth
3、ink how human beings compose music. He realized that composers brains work like big databases. First, they take in all the music that they have ever heard. Then they take out the music that they dislike. Finally, they make new music from what is left. According to Cope, only the great composers are
4、able to create the database accurately, remember it, and form new musical patterns from it.Cope built a huge database of existing music. He began with hundreds of works by Bach. The software analyzed the data: it broke it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns. It then combined the pieces
5、into new patterns. Before long, the program could compose short Bach-like works. They werent good, but it was a start.Cope knew he had more work to do - he had a whole opera to write. He continued to improve the software. Soon it could analyze more complex music. He also added many other composers，i
6、ncluding his own work, to the database.A few years later, Copes computer program, called Emmy ,was ready to help him with opera. The process required a lot of collaboration between the composer and Emmy. Cope listened the computers musical ideas and used the ones that he liked. With Emmy, the opera
7、took only weeks to finish. It was called Cradle Falling, and it was a great success! Cope received some of best reviews of his career, but no one knew exactly how he had composed the work.Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousands of compositions. Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he li
8、kes and doesnt like of her music, but she is doing most of the hard work of composing these days!练习题目+题目背诵：1. The music composed by David cope is about_ .( 大卫科普编写的曲子是关于_)A) classical music (古典音乐)B) pop musicC) dramaD) country music2. By developing a computer software, David Cope aimed_（大卫科普编写计算机软件的目
9、的是什么？）A) to be like BachB) to study BachC) to write an opera（为了创作歌剧）D) to create a musical database3. What did Cope realize about a great composers brain?（关于一个伟大的作曲家的大脑，科普了解了什么？）A) It forms new musical patterns all by itself.B) It writes a computer program.C) It can recognize any music patterns.D) I
10、t creates an accurate database .（它构建了一个精准的数据库） 4.Who is Emmy?（Emmy是什么?）A) a databaseB) a computer software（计算机软件）C) a composer who helped DavidD) an opera5. We can infer from the passage that_.（从文章中我们能推断出_）A) David Cope is a computer programmerB) David Cope loves music.C) Bachs music helped him lot
11、D) Emmy did much more work than a composer(艾米比作曲家作更多的工作)答案解析：1答案A解析：从一段的第一句：作曲家大卫科普编写了一个计算机软件，它能创作出古典音乐品。2答案C解析：从第二段的第一句可以看出，大卫编写计算机软件的目的是写歌剧。A、B和D都属于创作歌剧的一部分。3答案D解析：第二段的后半部分讲的是伟大的歌剧作者与一般的歌剧作者的不同之处是通过对数据进行准确的构建、记忆而后创作出新的音乐形式。4答案B解析：从第五段第一句可知艾米是计算机软件。5答案D解析：从本文第一句可知大卫是一个作曲家，不是计算机程序员，所以排除A，B和C项内容没有提及；
12、从本文的第五段和第六段可知，艾米大大提高了大卫的创作速度；最后一句，大部分重活都由艾米来做，所以作曲家只干一小部分工作。文章中文翻译： 我也能成为巴赫 作曲家大卫科普发明了一个计算机软件，它能编写出古典音乐的原创作品。科普花了30年才完成这个软件。现在，科普的计算机写出的作品与德国著名作曲家JS巴赫写的作品很相似，很少有人能分辨出其中的不同。 这一切始于1980年的美国，那时科普正在写一部歌剧，但是他无法创作出新的旋律，于是他编写了一个计算机软件来帮他编曲。最开始的时候，软件写出的乐曲并不动听。科普是怎么做的呢？他开始重新考虑人们作曲的方式。他想到作曲家的大脑就像一个大数据库，他们先是吸收他们
13、听过的所有音乐，然后去除他们不喜欢的，最后再根据留下的音乐来创作出新的旋律。科普认为，只有伟大的作曲家才能建立好的数据库，并且能熟记于心，从而创作出新的音乐。 科普根据现有的音乐建立了庞大的数据库。最开始的时候，数据库包含了几百部巴赫的作品。科普的软件将这些数据进行分析：首先它将音乐拆解成小的片段，从中找出固定模式，然后将片段组合成新的模式。不久，这个软件就能够写出和巴赫风格很像的小曲子。它们并不完美，但这只是个开始。 科普知道，他要做的还有很多他得写出一整部歌剧。他进一步完善他的软件，不久它就能够写出更复杂的音乐了。他还在数据库中加入了一些其他作曲家的作品，其中也包括他自己的作品。 几年后，
14、科普的软件“艾米”已经能够帮助他创作歌剧了。创作过程需要作曲家和艾米共同配合。科普聆听艾米写出的音乐片段，从中选取他认为好的。有了艾米的帮助，科普只用了两个星期就完成了这部歌剧，叫作摇篮坠落。演出获得巨大成功，科普也得到了他有生以来最高的评价，但是没有人知道他究竟是怎样创作出这部歌剧的。 从那以后，艾米已经写了上千部作品。科普现在依然会给艾米反馈，告诉她自己哪些音乐是他喜欢的，哪些是不喜欢的，但是现在大部分的工作是由艾米来完成的！Life as a Movie Extra【群众演员的人生】Ordinary people have always been attracted to the wor
15、ld of movies and movie stars. One way to get closer to this world is to become a movie extra. Although you have seen movie extras, you may not have paid attention to them. Extras are the people seated at tables in a restaurant while the two main actors are in conversation. They are the guests at the
16、 wedding of the main characters. They are the people crossing the street while the bad guy is being chased by the police. Extras dont normally speak any lines, but they help make the scenes look real.Being a movie extra might seem like a lot of fun. You get to see what life is like behind the scenes
17、. But dont forget that being an extra is really a job, and its mostly about doing nothing. First. time extras are often shocked to learn how slow the process of movie making is. In a finished movie, the action may move quickly. But it can sometimes take a whole day to shoot a scene that appears for
18、just a few minutes on the screen.The main requirement for being an extra is the ability to wait. You may report to work at 5 or 6 a. m., and then you wait until the director is ready for your scene. This could take several hours.Then there may be technical problems, and you have to wait some more. A
19、fter the director says“action and you do the first take ,you may have to do it again if he or she is not satisfied with the scene. In fact, you may have to do the same scene over and over again. You could be on the set for hours, sometimes waiting outdoors in very hot or cold weather. 2You may not b
20、e finished until 11 pm. or midnight. The pay isnt good, either - often only a little bit above minimum wage. And you must pay the agent who gets you the job a commission of about 10 percent.So who would want to be a movie extra? In spite of the long hours and low pay, many people still apply for the
21、 job. Some people truly enjoy the work. They like being on a movie set, and they enjoy the companionship of their fellow extras. Most of them have flexible schedules, which allow them to be available. They may be students, waiters, homemakers, retired people, or unemployed actors. Some unemployed ac
22、tors hope the work will help them get real acting jobs, but it doesnt happen often. Most people in the movie industry make a sharp distinction between extras and actors, so extras are not usually considered for large parts.The next time you see a movie, dont just watch the stars. Take a closer look
23、at the people in the background, and ask yourself: Who are they? Why are they there? What else do they do in life Maybe there is someone in the crowd who is just like you.练习题目+题目背诵：1. What is true about movie extras？(关于群众演员什么是正确的)A) Only agents get them jobs in movies.B) They often have to wait arou
24、nd on movie sets and do nothing.（他们经常是在片场等，不做什么事情）C) Its a good way to get a real acting job.D) They can have drinks in a restaurant.2. What might surprise movie extras the first time they do the job?（第一次做这种工作，令群众演员感到吃惊的是什么？）A) It can take hours to do a scene that is only a few minutes long in the m
25、ovie.（拍一个场景需要一整天，而播放时只有几分钟）B) They always do the same scene many times.C) The actors are interested in talking to them.D) The action moves very quickly.3. Why do most people work as movie extras？（为什么很多人去当群众演员？）A) They like meeting famous movie stars.B) They think they will become famous.C) They want
26、 to be on a movie set.（他们想要参与电影）D) They will get real acting jobs.4. What are the job requirements for being a movie extra?（做群众演员的条件是什么？）A) You have to have a part-time job.B) You must be attractive.C) You must be willing to repeat a scene many times.（你必须原意一个场景拍摄很多次）D) You must start working very ea
27、rly.5.It can be inferred from the passage that_.（从文中可以推断出什么？）A) being a movie extra can be boring（做群众演员是很乏味的）B) movie extras need acting experienceC) movie extras can play larger partsD) movie actors are quite different from actors答案解析：1答案B 解析：本文的第三段详细叙述了群众演员的主要工作要求是在拍摄现场等，不用做事，所以答案为B；第一段中描述了群众演员的工作
28、；他们是演员的陪衬，不用讲话。虽然提到他们是在餐馆里，但并没有提是否可以喝饮料，所以D可以排除；A中的only -词太笼统，所以A不对；从第四段可以看出，从群众演员到演员的转型是相当困难的，所以C也不对。2答案A解析：第二段中说明了令初做群众演员感到吃惊的是：拍一个场景需要一整天，而播放时只有几分钟。虽然B、D都有所提及，但不是令他们吃惊的事情。3答案C 解析：虽然做群众演员耗时长而薪酬低，但他们为什么还选择这一工作呢？答案在第四段：他们喜欢这份工作，愿意与别的群众演员交流，他们自己的工作时间有弹性。A没有提到，B、D不太可能。4答案C解析：做群众演员的条件是什么？在第三段和第四段，我们可知：
29、要有耐心（长时间等待，一个场景有时要拍好多次），要肯吃苦（在恶劣的户外环境中拍戏），报酬低，工作时间有弹性。A、B没有提到；在第三段的第二句提到：You may report to work at 5 0r 6 am.，表明只是有时会很早开始工作，不是每日必须的，所以D不对。5答案A 解析：从本文对群众演员的工作描述我们可以看出，群众演员只是演员的道具，所以是乏味的。B没有提到；据第四段的最后一句，C不对；第四段的最后一句清楚表明，群众演员和真正的演员差别很大，所以不是得出的推论，推论是通过字里行间推出来的，不是给出的陈述。文章中文翻译：群众演员的人生人们常常被电影和电影演员吸引，接近他们的方
30、式之一就是当群众演员。虽然你见过群众演员，但可能从没注意过他们。群众演员就是主角在餐厅对话时在后面坐着的人，是主角举行婚礼时在现场的客人，是“坏人”被警察追捕的时候过马路的行人。虽然群众演员通常没有台词，但他们的存在使整个场景更真实。当群众演员看上去很有意思，你可以看到电影背后的情景。但是不要忘记群众演员是一个职业，而这个职业常常意味着无事可做。第一次当群众演员的人常常会感到震惊：原来拍电影这么缓慢。电影成品中的场景会播放的很快，但在拍摄的时候屏幕上几分钟的镜头可能需要拍一整天。对群众演员来说，主要的要求就是要有耐心等待。可能告知你早晨五六点钟工作，但你要一直等导演准备好你要出演的一幕，可能一
31、等就是几个小时。说不定还会出现技术问题那就要等更长的时间。导演说“开始”之后，你开始演你的第一场戏，要是导演不满意你就要重演一遍。实际上，一遍又一遍地重复是常有的事。在拍摄现场，你可能一演就是几个小时，有时还要一直待在很热或很冷的环境中。工作可能会持10到晚上十一二点。报酬也不是那么理想一一很可能刚超过最低工资线，你还要从中拿出约lo%给向你提供工作的中介。究竟哪些人会想当群众演员呢？虽然工作时间长而报酬又低，但还是有很多人乐意申请这份工作。有些人是真心喜欢这份工作，他们喜欢出现在电影中，也乐意同其他群众演员交流。这些人中大部分都是时间比较灵活的人，这样他们就能腾出时间来演戏。他们有可能是学生、服务生、家庭主妇、退休人员或者是失业的演员。一部分找不到工作的演员希望群众演员的工作能够帮助他们找到一份正式的演出工作，但是希望很渺茫。电影业里的人大都对群众演员和正式演员有严格的区分，通常不会考虑让群众演员出演大角色。下次看电影的时候，别总是盯着影星，也看一下做背景的人，问问你自己：他们是谁？为什么在这里？在生活中他们做些什么呢？也许在人群中，就有人过着跟你相似的生活
