《职称英语卫生类A新增文章及译文.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《职称英语卫生类A新增文章及译文.doc（10页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、阅读判断 第十二篇Inquest told of hospital errorA HOSPITAL error left a dying man on the wrong ward for two days as deep vein thrombosis(DVT) ravaged his body, an inquest heard.Stephen Melvin Newbold suffered massive brain damage when a blood clot formed in his veins.Now his families are considering legal ac
2、tion against York Hospital,saying that his death was“untimely and unnecessary”. Mr Newbold,a 52-year-old maintenance worker,went to York Hospital on November 3 complaining of a swollen right foot.He should have been sent to a surgical ward where he would have been treated with Fragmin,a drug which c
3、ounters the effects of DVT. However,hospital staff wrongly admitted him to an orthopedic ward,where he stayed for two days,before finally being transferred to the care of a consultant vascular surgeon. Twenty-four hours later,on November 6,doctors decided they would have to operate to remove his leg
4、 below the knee. The operation went ahead on November l0,but two days later Mr Newbold suffered a cardiac arrest.A scan revealed he had had a pulmonary embolism,a condition related to DVT.Mr. Newbold suffered brain damage and died in the hospital on November16. Giving evidence,the surgeon said he co
5、uld not explain why Mr Newbold had been admitted to an orthopedic ward where it was not policy to administer Fragmin.He did not know why his medical team had not given Mr. Newbold the drug later. York coroner Donald Coverdale said,From November 3 until the day of the operation,noFragmin was given to
6、 Mr Newbold.If he had been admitted to a consultant vascular surgeons care from day one,it is clear that Fragmin would have been prescribed.Fragmin reduces the risk of DVT,but does not eliminate it.It is impossible to say whether Mr Newbold would have suffered this DVT if he had received the Fragmin
7、.He recorded a verdict of death by misadventure. Kim Daniells,Mr Newbolds familys lawyer,said,The family hope that the hospital will learn from the errors,and that no other families will have to suffer in the future. A spokeswoman for York Hospitals NHS Trust said,We would like to extend our sincere
8、 sympathies to the family of Stephen Newbold during this difficult time.练习： 1The patient was admitted with an injured foot. 2.The patient was admitted to the surgical ward. 3.The patient did not get the correct medication. 4.The patient died before he could be operated on. 5.The patient died of brai
9、n damage. 6.It was decided that the patients death had been an accident. 7.Mr Newbolds familys lawyer was not qualified. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not Mentioned 答案与题解： 1A 从文中第二段的第一句话可以看出，病人是因为感觉右脚胀痛而去医院的(aswollenrightfoot)，而从文章第二段的第三行最后一句 话(However,hospitalstaff.)可以看出毛他是被医院容留住院了，只不过是去错了病房。 2B 从文章第二段第三行最后一句话
10、可以看出，病人起初并未被直接送至外科病房，而是被送去了骨科病房，从第二段第四行整句 话可以看出，病人在骨科病房被观察了两日后才才被转送进行心血管诊断。 3 A 本题答题线索有两点， 首先在文章第二段的第二行第二句话中提到了病人本应该被给予， 法安明这种药物进行治疗的， should have done 有“本应做却没有做”的意思，后面第三食句话中 however 这个转折词也进一步说明了这一点。其次是从第四、五段中对法安明 这种药物勿进行介绍时可看出，病人并没有及时被给予正确的药物治疗。 4B 文章第三段进行了介绍，即手术是 11 月 10 号进行的，而本段最后一句话说明病人在 11 月 16
11、 号因大脑创伤而死亡，故不正确。 5A 文章第三段中最后一句话说明了在饱受脑创伤折磨后，病人于 11 月 16 号在医院中死亡。 6B 从文章的第一段第一句话就可以判断出，病人是由于医院的失误而致死的（a hospital error left a dying man），并非意外致死。 7.C 文章中的第六段讲到，Newbold 一家的律师转达了其希望医院从这次事故中汲取教训，而使更多其他家庭免遭类似的不幸，但是并 没有说起律师不合格这样的信息。 参考译文： 尸检揭示医疗事故 经尸检确认，由于过失疏忽，一家医院将一名饱受深静脉血栓折磨、生命垂危的男性患者安置在错误的病区内达两天之久。当其血管
12、内形成血栓之后，史蒂芬马尔文纽博得便饱受大面积脑部损伤的折磨。他的死被其亲属认为太过突然但却并非完全不可避免，其 亲属目前正考虑对约克医院采取法律手段。 纽博得先生现年 52 岁，生前是一名维修工人，其因感觉右脚胀痛于 11 月 3 日前往约克医院就诊。其本该被送往外科病区去接受一种 名本法安明的药物治疗，该药物的主要功效在于抑制深静脉血栓的形成。但是，在其最终被转送到心血管外科医生诊室之前，医院医 护人员却错误地将其送到了骨科病区，并让其在那儿住了两天。11 月 6 号，在其被转送至心血管病区 24 小时后，医生们决定通过手 术切除其右腿膝盖以下部分。 手术于 11 月 10 号进行，但是两
13、天后，纽博得先生的心脏却出现骤停症状。对其进行的扫描结果显示其患有肺动脉栓塞，发病原因与 深静脉血栓相关。在经受了大面积脑损伤折磨之后，纽博得先生于 1l 月 16 号在医院死亡。 基于现有证据，纽博得先生的主治外科医生称其不能解释为何院方在开始时将纽博得先生送至骨科病区，该病区并无开售法安明的处 方权。其不能理解其医疗团队为何没能在之后及时给纽博得先生提供药物治疗。 约克医院验尸员唐纳德克夫戴尔表明，从 11 月 3 日一直到手术之前，纽博得先生一直都没能接受法安明治疗。如果能够在入院第一 天就接受心血管外科医生的会诊，那么其肯定会被要求使用法安明。法安明这种药物能够减少深静脉血栓形成的风险
14、，但是其无法彻 底根除它。目前还不能得出结论，即如果在最初就接受法安明治疗，纽博得先生是否仍会遭受深静脉血栓折磨。该验尸员记录了这次 由不幸引起的死亡。 纽博得先生一家的律师金丹尼尔斯声称，纽博得先生的家人希望医院能够从这次事故中吸取教训，以避免之后类似不幸事件再发生 在其他家庭。 约克医院国民保健服务基金会的一名女发言人在声明中指出：“我们在这一艰难的时刻，向史蒂芬，纽博得一家表示最深切的同情。”补全短文 第十二篇The Enemy WithinAllergy has become more and more common over the last 30 years.Now one-thi
15、rd of us are affected by allergy at some point in our lives and half of these sufferers are children.In the UK,three million people suffer from asthma,and five percent of children suffer from food allergy. Allergy is a reaction that occurs when the immune system has a strange and unnecessary reactio
16、n to a substance which is normally harmless,such as pollen or peanuts._1_To defend your body against an attacker,the immune system remembers these dangerous micro-organisms and attacks them if it meets them again.This work is done by antibodies.The immune system in allergy sufferers makes antibodies
17、 against harmless substances,because it mistakenly believes them to be dangerous. An allergic reaction may not happen the first time a sufferer meets an allergen(the substance causing the reaction,such as pollen,milk or strawberries).Sometimes people can eat nuts for years and then suddenly become a
18、llergic to them.What has happened is that the immune system has now decided the substance is dangerous and has made an allergy antibody.This antibody then attaches itself to cells,which contain histamine._2_As they do that,the surface of the cells is broken,and histamine is released.The histamine an
19、d other chemicals inflame the tissues.This leads to the symptoms of allergy,such as swelling,rashes,sneezing,sore eyes and breathlessness.Anaphylaxis is the most severe allergic reaction of all and is most often triggered by wasp or bee stings or peanuts.This must be treated immediately. _3_Some peo
20、ple are born with the ability to make lots of allergy antibodies,and they are more likely to develop allergies and allergic disorders such as hay fever and asthma. _4_We eat more processed foods,with a wide range of additives and colourings;more and more people have central heating and double glazin
21、g,making our houses warmer and lessdraughty-an ideal environment to breed the house dust mite. There may also be a link between allergies and antibiotics.At one time our immune systems were kept busy fighting off disease and trying to winthe battle for health,but antibiotics have reduced the amount
22、of work our immune systems have to do.Now experts think they may direct spare energy to harmless substances such as strawberries._5_ A good deal of research is being devoted to finding a cure for allergies.Sufferers may be given medicine to control symptoms,and they may also be offered tests to find
23、 out what substances trigger an allergic reaction so that they can avoid contact with these in future.练习： A The immune system is there to protect the body against outside attackers,including viruses,bacteria and parasites. B In other words our immune systems have become over-sensitive. C Allergies r
24、un in families. D International differences have been associated with the number of individuals within a population have allergy. E When the antibodies meet the allergen the next time,they attempt to destroy it. F Experts believe more people have developed allergies because of changes in our lifesty
25、le which have exposed us to more allergens. 答案与题解： 1A 该是对机体免疫系统功能的介绍，而文中对免疫系统的首次提及是在该选项的上一句话，即描述过敏反应是免疫系统的活动，该 选项故而可被视为是对上一句话的补充与说明。 2E 本题做题线索有两点，首先是上下文，本段前几句都是对抗体的描述与介绍，故与选项 E 主题相符，同时第二个做题点为逻辑顺 序词，本段的第一句话中提到了 An allergic reaction may not happen the first time a sufferer meets anallergen，而该选项中又有了 th
26、e next time，这两个逻辑顺序词也构成了解题线索。 3C 该选项在文章的第四段，讲的是过敏反应在特殊人群中的反应，选项 C 的意思为“过敏反应是具有遗传性的”，与该段后一句 some people are born with the ability.相对应。 4F 文章第五段主要讲的是能导致过敏反应的两个例子，缺少中心句，而选项 C 恰好能对这两个例子进行概括说明，故答案为选项 C。 5B 该选项为概括总结项，是对前文说的内容进行总结，该段的前面部分提及的是抗生素与过敏反应之间的关系，即其对于人体免疫 系统的影响，而该选项则是一个结果性的描述，即免疫系统变得过于敏感了，其可对前文中抗生
27、素的作用进行总结说明。 参考译文： 人体内部的敌人 过敏症在过去 30 年中，已经变得越来越普及。目前有三分之一的过敏症患者于不同时期内生活在我们之中，其中半数患者为儿童。在 英国有 300 万人受哮喘病的折磨，并有 5%的儿童患有对事物的过敏症。 过敏症指的是机体免疫系统对于通常无害的物质（如花粉、花生）所做出的奇怪且不必要的反应。免疫系统能够保护我们的身体免受 外界物质的侵袭，这些物质包括病毒、细菌以及寄生虫。 为了保护人体免受外界侵扰物的袭击，免疫系统会记忆这些危险的微生物，并在再次遭遇它们时对其进行攻击。这一功能是由我们体 内的抗体完成的。过敏症患者的免疫系统会对无害物质产生抗体，错误
28、地认定这些物质是危险的。 过敏反应在患者首次接触过敏源（造成过敏反应的物质，如花粉、牛奶、草莓）时可能不会发生。有时，人们会在多年正常食用坚果 后，突然变得对其过敏。其免疫系统在这一过程中认定该类物质为危险物质并针对其产生了免疫抗体。这种抗体于是将其自身与人体 中含有组织胺的细胞相连接。当此抗体再次遭遇这类过敏源时，其就会试图摧毁它。 当抗体发挥功效时，与其连接的细胞表面会破裂并释放出组胺。组胺以及其他化学物质使得人体组织产生炎症。这就导致了过敏病症 的发生，如浮肿、疱疹、打喷嚏、眼痛以及呼吸急促。全身性过敏反应是最严重的过敏性反应，其最常由蜂类蜇刺或食用花生引反。 这类过敏反应必须立即医治。
29、 过敏症会在家庭成员中传播。有些人生来就能产生多种过敏抗体，他们因此更可能会罹患过敏症或者过敏性失调，如花粉病以及哮喘。 专家们相信，会有越来越多的人出现过敏症状，因为我们生活方式的变化使我们暴露在越来越多的过敏源之中。越来越多精加工过的 食物被纳入了我们的饮食中，这些食物中加入了多种添加剂与色素；越来越多的人采用了集中供暖系统并使用夹层玻璃，这使得我们 的房子变得更加温暖且更加密闭，为屋尘螨提供了绝佳的繁育环境。过敏症还可能与服用抗生素有关。我们曾一度依靠自身的免疫系 统为我们的健康与疾病抗争并试图消除其影响，但抗生素的服用削减了我们自身免疫系统本应该承受的工作量。现在专家们认为，这 些我们免疫系统中被节省下的能量被用到了一些无害物质身上，如草莓。换句话来说，我们的免疫系统变得过于敏感了。 人们正在为寻找治疗过敏症的方法而展开大量的研究。患者可以通过药物治疗以抑制并发症，其还可以通过各种检查来确定引起过敏 反应的物质，这样一来他们就可以在今后的活动中尽量避免与这类物质接触。
