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1、UNIT1AWhen Hitler decided to launch his invasion of Russia, he thought that nothing could stand in the way of his armies.当希特勒决定推出他的入侵俄罗斯,他认为没有什么能阻碍他的军队。Conquest, it seemed, was inevitable.征服,似乎是不可避免的。He had surprise on his side, catching Stalin off his guard by launching his attack without a declara
2、tion of war.他有惊喜在他这边,捕捉斯大林不备,推出他的攻击没有宣战。Hitler expected the campaign to last only a few months.希特勒希望活动只持续几个月。In the event, it was to drag on for much longer.在这次事件中,它是拖累了。Like Napoleon before him, he had made a fatal mistake in failing to reckon with the severity of the Russian weather.就像在他之前的拿破仑,他犯了
3、一个致命的错误,没有对付俄罗斯天气的严重程度。Many German soldiers were to die from the cold as winter set in, bringing the German advance to a halt.许多德国士兵死于寒冷的冬天开始,将德国提前停止。BWhat flies without wings, hits without hands, and sees without eyes?什么苍蝇没有翅膀,没有手,看到击中没有眼睛吗?The white dragon, or avalanche.白色的龙,或雪崩。In Europe, this ol
4、d riddle（谜语）has been told since the Middle Ages ,when the first mountain settlers braved cold winters and the dangerous waves of snow.在欧洲,这种古老的谜题(谜语)已经告诉自中世纪,当第一个山移民冒着寒冷的冬季和危险的海浪的雪。The people also called it the White Death, sent by devils that/who rode on the white mass of snow.人们也叫它白色的死亡,魔鬼派来的,骑着白色
5、/质量的雪。Some of the earliest reports of/about avalanches come from Hannibals famous march across the Alps in 218 B.C. Crossing over the high mountains with troops and elephant trains to fight against the Roman armies, the general lost thousands of men and animals to disease, cold and avalanches.最早的一些报
6、告/关于雪崩来自汉尼拔的著名的3月越过阿尔卑斯山在公元前218年穿越高山与军队和象火车对抗罗马军队,一般失去了成千上万的男人和动物疾病、感冒和雪崩。In 1800, Napoleon tried to cross the Great St. Bernard Pass in the Alps with his army .1800年,拿破仑试图交叉圣伯纳德大山口在阿尔卑斯山和他的军队。Thousands of his men were buried beneath 50 feet of snow.成千上万的人埋在50英尺的雪。During World War I, men fighting in
7、 the Tyrolean Mountains lost more numbers to avalanches than to bulletsmore than 40,000 lost their lives between 1915 and 1918.在第一次世界大战期间,男人战斗在提洛尔人山失去了更多的数字雪崩比子弹更超过40000失去了他们的生命在1915年和1918年之间。The word “avalanche” comes from the French word for “descent (下降),” in reference to the descent of snow, ice
8、, rocks, or earth that rushes down mountain slopes.“雪崩”这个词来源于法语词汇“血统(下降),”在提到血统的雪、冰、岩石或土,山坡上冲下来。UNIT2AHello.Welcometoyournewcar.Iamyouronboardcomputer-assisteddrivingsystem.Itismyjobtoalertyoutoanyhazardthatmayoccuronthehighway.你好欢迎你的新突然是你的车载计算机辅助驾驶系统是我的工作来提醒你任何风险,可能发生在高速公路上。Fromthemomentyoustartupt
9、hecar, Illbetheretohelpyou.Whenyouwanttorelax,Icantakecontrolofthesteeringinyouplace,guidingyoufromonelanetoanother.Ifacarinfrontofyouslowsdownsuddenly,Illdecreaseyourspeed.Ifyougetstackinatrafficjam,theexperiencewillnolongerbesomonotonous.justsitback,relax,andletmeeliminatetheworry.whenyouwanttocon
10、vertbackfromautomaticcontroltomanualcontrol,thatiseasy.justpresstherightbuttonmountedonthestreeringcolumn.从当你启动汽车,我就会帮助你什么想放松的时候,我可以控制操舵在你的地方,引导你从一个车道,另一个如果一辆车在你面前减慢突然,我将降低你的速度。如果你得到堆栈在交通阻塞,这些经验将不再那么单调的只是坐下来,放松,让我消除担心当你想转换回自动控制,手动控制,这是很容易就按正确的按钮安装在streering列。BThe automobile industry is one of the mo
11、st important industries in the world, affecting not only economies but also cultures.汽车工业是最重要的一个产业在世界上,不仅经济,而且影响文化。It provides jobs for millions of people, generates billions of dollars in worldwide revenues, and provides the basis for a multitude of related service and support industries.它提供了数百万的就业
12、机会给人们,产生数十亿美元在世界范围内收入和提供基础为众多的相关服务和支持的产业。Automobiles revolutionized transportation in the 20th century, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business.汽车在20世纪革命性的交通,永远改变了人们的生活方式,旅游,做业务。The automobile has enabled people to travel and transport goods farther and faster, and has opened w
13、ider market areas for business and commerce.汽车使得人们旅行和运输货物的更远更快,打开了更广阔的市场领域,商业和贸易。The auto industry has also reduced the overall cost of transportation by using methods such as mass production (making quantities of a product within a short period of time), mass marketing (selling products nationally
14、and globally rather than locally), and globalization of production (assembling products with parts made worldwide).汽车行业也降低了整体运输成本通过使用方法如大规模生产(制造大量的产品在很短的一段时间),大众营销(全国和全球销售产品而不是在当地),和全球化的生产(组装产品,成为全球的部分)。A century later, with automakers and auto buyers expanding globally, auto making became the world
15、s largest manufacturing activity, with more than 53 million new vehicles built each year worldwide.一个世纪之后,随着汽车制造商和汽车买家在全球扩张,汽车制造成为世界上最大的制造业活动,超过5300万辆新车全世界每年建造。As a result of easier and faster transportation, the United States and world economies have become dependent on the mobility that automobile
16、s, trucks, and buses provide.由于更容易和更快的运输,美国和全球经济已经变得依赖于流动,汽车、卡车、公交车提供。This mobility allowed remote populations to interact with one another, which increased commerce.这种移动性允许远程种群相互作用,增加了商业。The transportation of goods to consumers and consumers to goods has become an industry in itself.运输的货物,消费者和消费者商品
17、本身已成为一个行业。The automobile has also brought related problems, such as air pollution, congested traffic, and increased highway fatalities.汽车也带来了相关的问题,如空气污染、拥挤的交通,增加公路死亡事故。Nevertheless, the automobile industry is to be an important source of employment and transportation for millions of people worldwide
18、.然而,汽车工业是一个重要的来源的就业和运输为全世界数百万人。UNIT3AWhat is the best way to impress a prospective employer when you go for an interview for a job?最好的办法是什么打动未来的雇主当你去面试找工作?As I see it, the best thing is to demonstrate that you have done your homework and know all about the firm.在我看来,最好的事情是证明你已经完成了作业,知道所有关于该公司。You sh
19、ould make every endeavor, for example, to show that you know something about the structure of the company, including the different lines of business it is involved in.你应该让每一个的努力,例如,要表明你知道一些关于公司的结构,包括不同的业务线是参与。Be enthusiastic, let the interviewer know that you are not frightened by new challenges, bu
20、t are willing to take a crack at anything.有热情,让面试官知道你不害怕新的挑战,但愿意尝试任何东西。Try to look at the situation from the stand point of the person offering opportunity of employment.试着看看情况从站点的人提供就业机会。What sort of qualities is he likely to be looking for?什么样的品质是他可能是在找什么?Enthusiasm, certainly.热情,当然。So dont leave
21、your application waiting until just before the deadline.所以不要离开您的应用程序之前等待的最后期限。Apply early.尽早申请。Another thing that can make a difference is to follow up your interview with a letter expressing your enthusiasm to join the company.另一件事,可以使一个差异是跟进你的面试时用一个字母表达你的热情加入该公司。BWhen you get an invitation to a jo
22、b interview, you are halfway toward your goal- a job offer.当你得到一个邀请去参加一个面试,你是中途向你的目标一个工作机会。No matter how many encouraging responses you have gotten to your job inquiry letters, with rare exceptions you will not get a job offer without an interview.无论多少鼓励响应你的美丽你的工作查询信件,除了极少数例外你不会得到一个工作机会没有一个面试。Go to
23、the library to find all relevant information about the company and, if you can, on the person who will interview you.去图书馆查找所有相关公司的信息,如果可以,在人谁将面试你。Have material with you that the employer might ask for -samples of your work, names and addresses of references, extra copies of your resume.有材料,雇主可能会要求你的
24、作品样本,姓名和地址的引用,额外的拷贝你的简历。An employment manager for a major construction company offers this advice.雇佣经理主要建筑公司提供了这个建议。“If its obvious you havent spent any time preparing for the interview-that is, you dont know what the company does, where it does it, what kinds of jobs it has- then dont expect the co
25、mpany to take you very seriously.”“如果这是明显的你没有花任何时间准备面试那就是,你不知道什么公司做,它,什么样的工作它然后别指望公司带你非常认真。”Prior to an interview the employer has probably seen your resume and perhaps talked with you on the phone.面试前雇主可能已经看过你的简历,或许和你在电话上交谈。What employers look for in interviews is what you might call personal chemi
26、stry-how you look and act, whether you exhibit self-confidence, how you would fit in with other members of the organization.雇主寻找在采访中可能就是我们所说的“个人化学你怎么看起来和行动,无论你表现出自信,你怎么样才能符合组织的其他成员。UNIT4AIs America on the decline?是美国在下降?Or do we see in America a new civilization, one that will not follow historical
27、precedent, but will continue to grow and develop?或者我们看到在美国一个新的文明,一个不会重蹈历史覆辙,但将继续增长和发展?It may be that in America we see for the first time a completely new civilization that does not follow the path of earlier empires.它可能是在美国,我们第一次看到一个全新的文明,不遵循路径的早期帝国。This new society is forging a fresh way of lookin
28、g at the world, a new mentality.这个新的社会锻造一个新鲜的看待世界的方式,一种新的心态。Its essential characteristic is a refusal to be discouraged, a willingness to try again and rather than just accepting one destiny.其基本特征是一个拒绝被气馁,愿意再试一次,而不仅仅是接受一个”的命运。It is a society based on pluralism, on the mixing of immigrants from diffe
29、rent ethnic and cultural backgrounds.这是一个社会多元化的基础上,对混合来自不同民族的移民和文化背景。The resulting combination of cultures gives America its unique vitality.结果结合文化给了美国独特的生命力。BI was born and raised in the United States by Thai Parents .我出生和成长在美国,泰国的父母。Years ago, my mother told me about a Thai man who married an Amer
30、ican woman against the wishes of his mother.年前,我的母亲告诉我关于一个泰国人嫁给了一位美国妇女对他母亲的愿望。The mother refused to speak to her son because he had married outside his nationality.母亲拒绝与她说话的儿子,因为他娶了他的国籍之外。Only when her son and his wife had their first child did the mother acknowledge the marriage.只有当她的儿子和他的妻子做了他们的第一
31、个孩子的母亲承认婚姻。Incredulous at this tale, I asked my Thai mother, You would never do that, would you?怀疑在这个故事里,我问我的泰国妈妈,“你永远不会那么做,你会吗? No, she answered, then a pause, I wouldnt speak to you for 10 years!”“不,”她回答,然后停顿一下,“我不会跟你说10年! I laughed at her joke, but a small part of me knew that there was a grain o
32、f truth to my mothers response: She hoped that I would marry Thai, not American.”我嘲笑她的笑话,但一小部分,我知道有一个真理的种子,我母亲的反应:她希望我嫁给泰国,不是美国。Well, I didnt marry Thai or American.嗯,我没娶泰国或美国。I married French.我嫁给了法国。Although by the time I got married, my mother was so overjoyed at the fact that I was getting marrie
33、d at all that I doubt it really would have mattered to her if my husband had been from outer space.虽然我结婚了,我的母亲是如此狂喜的事实,我要结婚了在所有我怀疑真的会在乎她,如果我的丈夫已经从外太空。I am living in the great American melting pot that they used to sing about on Saturday mornings on Schoolhouse Rock.我住在“伟大的美国大熔炉”,他们用来歌颂星期六早上在校舍摇滚。I h
34、ave come to appreciate the Thai facets of my personality as well as the American ones.我是来欣赏泰国方面我的人格以及美国的。My husband has lived for the last 25 years in the United States.我的丈夫住在过去25年里在美国。He was raised/born in France, but chose to make his life here.他成长/出生在法国,但却让他的生活在这里。We were entering into a partners
35、hip, so/therefore we prepared ourselves for some compromises on both sides to reconcile our differences.我们进入一个伙伴关系,因此我们准备自己/双方一些妥协调和我们的差异。Our hearts belonged to each other, not to our respective cultures.我们的心属于彼此,而不是各自的文化。UNIT5AYou see that young man swimming out at sea?你看到那个年轻人游泳出海吗?He is trying to
36、 swim out to the beacon and back .他试图游到灯塔和背部。He must be insane to have committed himself to such a thing ,the current is far to strong .他一定是疯了,都致力于这样的事,目前远强。I met him on the beach before he set out .我在海滩上遇到他之前,他出发了。I do not mind telling you that I was taken aback when he told me what he was going to
37、 do .我不介意告诉你,我很惊讶当他告诉我他要干什么。I am a swimmer myself, but I would not attempt it.我是一个游泳运动员自己,但我不会尝试它。And he did not look in good condition at all .和他没有看都处于良好状态。Far from it ,he may have had a good constitution once, but he had clearly let himself go all to pieces.远离它,他可能有一个良好的宪法,但他显然曾经让自己去所有碎片。However ,
38、it seems like he had no choice .不过,似乎他别无选择。he told me that he had gone broke, not a penny left ,and that old Burton would only find him a vacancy in his firm if he did the swim .他告诉我他已经破产,而不是一分钱离开,老伯顿只会发现他是一个空位在他的公司如果他做了游泳。that was another surprise.这是另一个惊喜。Burton seems such a mild mannered man .伯顿似乎
39、这样一个温和的守规矩的人。kind to everybody.善待每个人。Perhaps he thought the young man would not have the courage .也许他认为年轻人就没有勇气。that he would funk it.他将恐惧它。then, again, perhaps Burton knew he was sending the young man to his death ,but was too cold-blood to care .然后,再一次,也许伯顿知道他发送这个年轻人对他的死亡,但是太冷血到保健。It only goes to
40、show how deceptive appearances can be.它只是告诉如何被外表欺骗。BChild Abuse, intentional acts that result in physical or emotional harm to children.虐待儿童、故意行为,导致身体或情感伤害孩子。The term child abuse covers a wide range of behavior, from actual physical assault by parents or other adult caretakers to neglect of a childs
41、 basic needs.虐待儿童的术语涵盖了广泛的行为,从实际的物理攻击的父母或其他成人看护人忽视孩子的基本需求。Child abuse is also sometimes called child maltreatment.虐待儿童有时也叫做虐待儿童。Although the extent of child abuse is difficult to measure, it is recognized as a major social problem, especially in industrialized nations.虽然虐待儿童的程度是很难衡量的,它是公认的一个重大社会问题,尤
42、其是在工业化国家。It occurs in all income, racial, religious, and ethnic groups and in urban and rural communities.它发生在所有收入、种族、宗教、民族和在城市和农村社区。It is, however, more common in some groups, especially those below the poverty line.然而,更常见的在一些团体,尤其是那些在贫困线以下。Many people have difficulty understanding why any person w
43、ould hurt a child.许多人很难理解为什么人会伤害孩子。The public often assumes that people who abuse their children suffer from mental disorder, but fewer than 10 percent of abusers have mental illnesses.公众常常假定人在虐待自己的孩子患有精神障碍,但只有不到10%的施虐者有心理疾病。Most abusers love their children but tend to have less patience and less ma
44、ture personalities than other parents .最虐爱他们的孩子往往还会有更少的耐心和不成熟的性格比其他家长。These traits make it difficult to cope with the demands of their children and increase the likelihood of physical or emotional abuse.这些特征使它难以应付孩子的要求,增加身体或者心理上的虐待的可能性。However, there is no single explanation for child maltreatment.然
45、而,没有单一的解释儿童虐待。Child abuse results from a complex combination of personal, social, and cultural factors.虐待儿童的结果从一个组合复杂的个人、社会和文化因素。These may be grouped into four primary categories: (1) intergenerational transmission of violence,(2) social stress, (3) social isolation and low community involvement, an
46、d (4) family structure.这些可能是分为四个主要类别:(1)代际传播暴力、(2)社会压力,(3)社会隔离和低的社区参与,和(4)家庭结构。In the United States many types of social programs, usually at the county or state levels, have attempted to reduce 18 and prevent child abuse .在美国许多类型的社会项目,通常是在县或状态水平,试图减少18和防止虐待儿童。Current approaches involve identifying high-risk parentssuch as young, single, first-time mothers-and providing parental skills training, counseling, education, and social support.当前的方法包括识别高风险的父母这样年轻,单身,初产妇提供父母的技能培训、咨询、教育、和
