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1、一、 七年级英语语法归纳（一）be动词。1、be动词概说。(包括am, are, is)be 连系动词，本身有词义“是”，在句子中和其后的表语一起构成谓语。e.g. I am tall.(表语)助动词，无词义。e.g. He is playing football.2、be动词的用法。am 主语是单数第一人称（即I）。e.g. I ambe are 单数第二人称及所有复数。e.g. You are The coats areis 单数第三人称及不可数名词。 e.g. Your father is The money is3、否定句式（即改否定句）：在be动词之后+not, 句子其它部位不变。
2、e.g. He is not a teacher.4、缩写形式。主语+be，缩写be第一个字母为 ，再与主语合并。 e.g. you are youre Jack is Jacksbe+not否定形式的缩写，缩写not中“o”为 , 再与be合并。 e.g. is notisnt are notarent不能缩写的情况：this is, these are, those are, am not及缩略的肯定回答。 e.g. Yes, I am. (Im 误) 5、含be动词句子的疑问句型转换。一般疑问句：将be动词提前，其它照抄不变，最后+？，读升调。（一般第一人称改为第二人称）e.g. The
3、 man in the car is her father. Is the man in the car her father? Im a middle school student. Are you a middle school student?一般疑问句的肯否定回答。肯定回答： Yes, 主语+be.否定回答： No, 主语+be+not.e.g. Is he old?Are you a new student?Is your father at home? Yes, he is.Yes, I am.Yes, he is. No, he is not.(isnt)No, Im not.N
4、o, he is not.(isnt)注意：主语必须用代词回答；肯定回答不能缩写；回答第二人称，用第一人称回答。特殊疑问句（就划线部分提问）。1) 方法：将句子被提问(即被划线)的部分改为相对应的疑问词，然后置于句首，接着再将be动词或情态动词提前(置于疑问词之后)，其它部分照抄不变，最后+？(即疑问词+一般疑问句？)e.g. The man in a red cap is her brother. Who is the man in a red cap? I can sing English songs. What can you do? 2) 注意：被提问部分不能再写。提问动词(即提问做某
5、事)，在改句子时注意还“do”，表示做什么？3) 相应的疑问词。1. 事物 whate.g. That is a cat. What is that?2. 地点 whereHe is at home? Where is he? 3. 人 whoThe man is his father. Who is the man?4. 谁的 whoseThe coat is his. Whose is the coat?（提问名词性物主代词whose后不用带物）That is Jacks ball. Whose ball is that?（提问形容词性物主代词whose后要带物或人）5. 怎样(程度，方式
6、) howShes fine. How is she?He can go to school by bus. How can he go to school?6. 职业 whatMy father is a worker. What is your father?7. 年龄 how oldOur grandpa is 80. How old is your grandpa?8. 班级 what classWe are in Class 2, Grade 1. What class are you in?9. 数字 whatMy phone number is 2212121Whats your
7、 phone number?Page 110. 哪一个 whichThe boy in a blue shirt is Mike. Which boy is Mike?（一般which用来提问定语，并且后要带物或人）11. 颜色 what colourHis car is yellow. What colour is his car?12. 数量 how many+可数复数名词There are two books on the desk. How many books are there on the desk? how much+不可数名词There is only a little wa
8、ter in the glass. How much water is there in the glass?13. 时间 what timeI can get there at six. What time can you get there? whenI can go with you on Sunday. When can you go with me?14. 价钱 how muchThe bag is twenty yuan. How much is the bag?（二）代词：1、代词的形式第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数主 格Iweyouyouhesheitthey
9、宾 格meusyouyouhimheritthem(形)物主代词myouryouryourhisheritstheir(名)物主代词mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs我(的)我们(的)你们(的)你们(的)他(的)她(的)它(的)他们(的)2、代词的用法动作的发出者，代词用主格，(一般在句首，动词前)。 e.g. He often writes to me.动作的承受者，代词用宾格，(一般在句末，动词后、介词后)。e.g. Lets ask him. Lets play with them. 物的主人，用物主代词。(即代词所有格) 1）形容词性物主代词后一定要带
10、物，不能单独使用，一般用在名词前。 e.g. This is their classroom. That is my bike. It is her red coat.2）名词性物主代词，相当于形容词性物主代词+物。e.g. The books are hers. (her books) The bike is his. (his bike)3）形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词之间的区别：形容词性物主代词：后要带物（即名词）。Its my pen.名词性物主代词：后不带物。 Its mine.(因此填物主代词应注意判断后有无带物，有用形容词性物主代词，无即用名词性物主代词。)4）名词性物主代词
11、作主语，要注意be的形式。e.g. These are not her pens. Hers are in the bag. (her pens)This is not our classroom. Ours is over there. (our classroom)5）含形容词性物主代词与含名词性物主代词的句子可以转换。（译法稍有不同）e.g. This is her pen This pen is hers. Those black cats are his. Those are his black cats.这是她的笔。 这笔是她的。 那些黑猫是他的。 那些是他的黑猫。6）提问物主代词
12、用whose.e.g. This is my pen. Whose pen is this?These pens are mine. Whose are these pens?注意：1. 提问形容词性物主代词，用Whose+物。2. 提问名词性物主代词，用Whose.3. Whose + be + 主语，be 根据主语判断。7）whose 句型的转换。e.g. Whose coat is this? Whose is this coat?（三）所有格：表示物或人的“所属”关系。1、名词所有格的形式： 名词之后直接+s e.g. MaryMarys KateKates 以s结尾的名词只加 e.g
13、. studentsstudents2、以上形式一般只用于有生命的名词，但也可用于表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词。 e.g. todays newspaper; an hours walk; Chinas city3、注意：表示两者或多者共有，在最后一个名词+ s。 e.g. Mike and Jims room.（共用，用单数）Page 2如果不是共有，指各有，则各词都应+s。e.g. Mikes and Jims rooms. (各有，用复数)4、表示无生命的名词所有格用of短语表示，但注意词序与汉语习惯不同，形式为：名词+of+名词（前者属于后者）。 e.g. the door
14、 of the room. 那房间的门 the picture of my family. 我的家庭的照片5、注意：有时s 结构可以转化为of 短语。（对等） e.g. his fathers friends the friends of his father.the girls new bike the new bike of the girl. the dogs name the name of the dog 但不是所有of 结构都有对等的s结构。因为s 只用于有生命的词。（四）名词的数。1、名词的概念：名词是指表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词，如：teacher, school,
15、morning, thanks, duty. 名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。2、可数名词。1）可数名词是指可以用数目计算是名词，有单复数两种形式。可数名词包括个体名词：e.g. apple , student. 集体名词：e.g. class people2）用法： 单数名词前可用a, an修饰； 之前可以直接用数词； 之前可用a lot of, lots of，many, some等修饰； 提问其数量用How many + 复数名词； 3）可数名词的复数形式： 英语名词复数的构成有规则变化和不规则变化两种形式。A 规则变化： 一般在单词的结尾直接+s；e.g. book
16、 books 如果单词以s, x, ch, sh等结尾，+es；bus buses 若以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+es；city citiesstory stories 以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为ves；wife wivesknife knives 以o结尾，有生命的+es e.g. tomatoes；没有生命的+s e.g. zoos； 两个名词用在一起构成合成名词变复数时，只把合成名词的主体名词变成复数。e.g. banana trees 但是以woman, man等名词与其后面的名词构成合成名词变复数时，里面所含的成分全部要变成复数。 three women teachersB 不规
17、则变化： 单复数同形 Chinese Japanese sheep fish (鱼) 只作复数 trousers clothes chips thanks people(人们) 特殊变化：manmen womanwomen footfeet childchildren policemanpolicemen businessmanbusinessmen postmanpostmen EnglishmanEnglishmen mouse mice3、不可数名词。1）不可数名词是指不可以用数目计算是名词，它一般没有复数形式。不可数名词包括物质名词：meat, milk. 抽象名词：work, hou
18、sework.2）用法： 不用a, an修饰； 不可直接用数词表达其数量，其量的表达必须用量词短语表示； 1. 数词+容器+of e.g. a cup of tea量的三种表达 2. 数词+单位+of e.g. two kilos of rice 3. 其它+of e.g. some of bread不可数名词用该形式表达其数量，这些形式中的容器和单位都是可数，有单复数形式，但无论是单数还是复数，of后的不可数名词绝不能+s。 前面可用a lot of, lots of, much, some, a little等修饰； 作主语时，都视为单数； 提问其数量时用How much；e.g. How
19、 much money do you have? 3）表达不可数名词数量常用的量词短语。a bowl of 一碗 a glass of 一杯 a bottle of 一瓶a cup of 一杯 a bag of 一袋 a basket of 一篮a piece of 一张；一片；一块；一则；一首；a box of 一盒 a kilo of 一公斤；一千克 a pound of 一磅Page 3（五）There be结构，表示某地存在某物或某人。There be +物/人+地点。e.g. There is an apple on the tree.引导词 主语 引导词 主语1、be (are,
20、is)的判断。根据主语，主语为单数或不可数用is, 主语为复数用are，但如果主语是多个，就用就近原则判断。 e.g. There is a pen, some books, There are some books, a pen 2、注意：not any/not a =noe.g. There are not any cats here = There are no cats here. There is not a cat here = There is no cat here.3、There be句型改特殊疑问句： 提问主语（物）用：What is/are +地点？（注意去掉there）
21、 (人)：Who is +地点？ 问地点：用Where is/are + the 主语？（应特指）e.g. There are some cats under the bed. Where are the cats?(将somethe，表特指) 问可数物品的数量用how many + 复数名词。e.g. There is a cat under the bed. How many cats are there under the bed?There are two glasses of water on the table. How many glasses of water are ther
22、e on the table? 问不可数物品的数量用how much + 不可数名词。e.g. There is some water on the table on the table. How much water is there on the table?4、对于“how many, how much” there be 问句的回答：There are/is + 数量。或： There is (only) one.e.g. How many glasses of water are there on the table?How much water is there on the ta
23、ble?There are four. / There is (only) one There is a little.5、若是某人某物拥有，占有某物，应用have/has表达。e.g. He has a ruler. 他有一把尺子。The park has two lakes. 那公园有两个湖。（六）祈使句：1、祈使句表示请求，命令，建议等，它没有主语（其实是省略了主语you），以动词开头，动词要用原形，句末用“！”或“.”，读降调。有时为了使语气比较委婉，常在句首或句末加上please.在句末时要用逗号隔开。 e.g. Sit down, please! Lets go to school
24、.2、祈使句的否定形式：一般在句首加Dont. e.g. Throw it like this. Dont throw it like this.以Let开头的祈使句的否定形式要视具体的否定部分来决定。否定let就在句首加Dont，否定后面的不定式，就在不定式前加not.e.g. Dont let him go out. Lets not go there.（七）现在进行时1. 意义：表示现在正在进行或发生的动作；也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2. 构成：be +现在分词（v. +ing）3. be动词由主语决定。4. 现在分词的构成：动词直接+ing e.g. play
25、 playing动词以重读闭音节而且末尾只有一个辅音，双写末一字母+ing e.g. swim swimming以不发音e结尾，去e+inge.g. come coming（八）一般现在时。1、一般现在时的用法：表示现在的状态或特征，谓语动词一般是be。e.g. They are at work. She is very old.表示经常性或习惯性动作，谓语动词一般是实义动词。e.g. We go to school from Monday to Friday.表示主语具备的性格和能力。e.g. I like swimming. Do you speak English?普遍真理。e.g. T
26、wo plus four is six. The earth goes around the sun.2、一般时态（一般现在时）的谓语形式。动词be 的人称变化： （略）实义动词的变化：主语为单数第三人称，实义动词应+s或es。(其变化类同于名词的复数形式)主语为其他人称时，实义动词不变。Page 43、一般现在时的句型变化。1）be动词的句式：（略）2）实义动词的句式：改否定句及疑问句都应借助助动词do或does。(当主语为单数第三人称时，用does, 同时应将其后的谓语动词还原形)。 改否定句：在实义动词之前+dont或doesnt. e.g. We go to school on Sun
27、days. We dont go to school on Sundays.He does his homework after supper. He doesnt do his homework after supper. 改一般疑问句：在句首添加Do或Does，其他照抄，最后加问号。e.g. They speak English. Do they speak English?He goes home at five every day. Does he go home at five every day? 一般疑问句的肯否定回答。Yes, 主语do. No,主语dont. Yes, 主语d
28、oes. No, 主语doesnt.e.g. Do they speak English? Does he go home at five every day? Yes, they do. Yes, he does.No, they dont. No, he doesnt. 改特殊疑问句：疑问代词一般疑问句？(do/does其他？)e.g. I like to eat apple. What do you like to eat?He goes to school every day. Where does he go every day? 4、often, five days a week, every day, on Sundays, sometimes等表示频度的状语通常位于be动词之后，实义动词之前，若句子出现频度副词，通常用一般现在时。
