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1、初中英语语法总结(动词不定式)清华大学英语系测试：为中学英语量身定做.官方网站： 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果初中英语语法（动词不定式）1不定式的基本形式与结构动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形 (如to write) 所构成的一种非限定性动词形式，但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式有进行体和完成体(如上to be writing，to have written)，也有被动态(如to be written)，所有的主动词，不论是及物动词还是不及物动词，也不论是动作动词还是状态动词，都有不定式形式。助动词除be和have外， 没有不定式形式。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语
2、和状语。2不定式的用法1)不定式结构作主语1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago2.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge在上述情况下，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替)，而将不定式放到后面。如：1.It made him extremely happy t
3、o get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago2.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的，即不定式的逻辑主语，通常可以通过for sb. to do sth. 结构表达：1.It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review2.It is not difficult f
4、ot those talented students to pass the exam.在某些形容词(如careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind， naughty，nice，silly，stupid等)作表语时，不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语：1.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth2.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing2)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式， 另一种是“及物动词+疑问
5、词+带to的不定式。及物动词+带to的不定式结构:只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有: afford， agree， aim， appear， ask， believe， care，claim，decide demand， desire， determine， expect， fail， happen， hesitate， hope， intend， learn， long， manage， offer， pretend， promise， prepare， refuse， seek， swear， undertake，want， wish等。1.He managed to solve the
6、complicated problem.2.The stranger offered to show me the way.3.Mr. Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa.动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式：这类动词常见的有advise， decide， find out， forget， inquire， know， learn， see， regard初中英语语法总结， remember， teach， tell， understand， wonder等。常见的疑问代(副)词有: what， when， where， whic
7、h， how， whether等。1.He does not know when to start.2.You can decide whether to continue or to stop.3.I will show you how to deal with it.有时，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达：动词(如find， think，consider，feel等)+it+ 形容词+不定式。1.She considers it necessary to make friends with him.2.We find it difficult to finis
8、h all the homework before 9 oclock.3)不定式做表语一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件)；表语也是不定式(表示结果)：1.To see is to believe.2.To work means to earn a living另一种情况为主语是以aim，duty，hope， idea，job， plan，problem， purpose，thing，wish等名词为中心的短语，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用：；例如：1.His aim is to study abroad in the near future2.The most
9、important thing is to negotiate with them about the price3.What I want to say is to forget all the unhappy experience4)不定式作定语 不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型：第一种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。例如：1.There was really nothing to fear 2.He gave me an interesting book to read如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就得加相应的介词。例如：1.Mary needs a friend to pl
10、ay with2.That girl has nothing to worry about3.They have a strict teacher to listen to4.Although the film had been on for ten minutes， I still was not able to find a chair to sit on第二种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语；例如：1.Have you got a key to unlock the door?2.The action to be taken is correct3.There is nothing
11、to be gained by pretending第三种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意义的名词：ability， attempt， effort， impulse， inclination，wish等。例如：1.Her daughter will make an even bigger effort to please her2.I have no wishto quarrel withyou3.Neither of them had any inclination to do business with Mary
12、.5)不定式作状语不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。例如作原因状语：1.They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area2.They are quite surprised because they see the great changes taking place in the area3.He was lucky to arrive before dark4.He was lucky because he arrived before dark作目的状语：1.She ra
13、ised her voice to be heared better2.She raised her voice so that she could heard better3.We went via Heidelberg to miss the traffic jam4.We went via Heidelberg so that we could miss the traffic jam作结果状语：1.The French football team played so successfully as to defeat the Brazilians2.The French footbal
14、l team played so successfully that they even defeated the Brazilians3.He got to the station only to be told the train had gone4.He got to the station and was told that the train had gone不带to的不定式的使用动词不定式通常带to，但在有些搭配中不带to，在另一些搭配中可带to可不带to。归纳起来，以下情况下使用不带to不定式：1) 在cancould， /maymight，willwould，shallshou
15、ld，must， need，dare等情态动词之后，动词不定式不带to。2)在表示感觉意义的动词，如see初中英语语法总结，feel，watch，notice，smell，hear，observe等后，或是表示“致使”意义的动词，如have，let，make等后，动词不定式不带to。例如：1.I often heard him say that he would study hard2.I must have him see his own mistakes但是，当这类结构转换为被动语态时，后面的不带to不定式一般转换为带to不定式。例如：1.He was often heard to say
16、 that he would study hard2.After he had finished speaking，he was made to answer innumerable questions3)在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式，也可用带to的不定式。例如：1.Help the old lady (to) carry the heavy box.4) 在had better，would rather，maymight as well，rather than，can not but等搭配之后初中英语语法总结，动词不定式也不带to。例如： 1.Unless you feel to
17、ill to go out，I would rather not stay at home tonight2.She could not but criticize his foolish behaviour.5) 在make do，make believe，let drop，1et fall，1et fly，let slip，let drive，let go off，hear say，hear tell，leave go of等固定搭配中，用不带to的动词不定式。例如：1.They let go of the rope他们松开了绳子。2.John let fly a torrent of a
18、buse at me约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。3.Ive heard tell of him我听说过他。4.Some of the faculty were let go for lack of the students由于生源不足，一些教职员工被解雇了。6)在介词but初中英语语法总结初中英语语法总结，except之后，如果其前有动词do的某种形式，其后不定式一般不带to，反之则必须带to，表示“不得不初中英语语法总结，只能”。例如：1.He will do anything except work on the farm2.There was nothing left for the enemy
19、 to do but surrender3.The spy was both hungry and cold；there was nothing left for him but to give in4.I had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining下面一些短语是固定搭配，不带to：can not help but，can not choose but，can not but，do nothing but，have nothing to do but。例如：I can not but admire his courage.如果上述句中有d
20、o，to省略：I did nothing but watch TV last night如果是下面一个固定搭配，就带to：I have no choice but to give up my idea.7)紧跟在why或why not之后的动词不定式总是不带to。但是，紧跟在who，what，which，whether等连接词后的不定式带to。例如：Why stand up if you can sit down?Why not ask your teacher when you dont understand the meaning?You neednt decide yet whether
21、 to study arts or science4不定式的完成式和进行式1)构成完成式：to+ have done进行式：to+ be doing2)用法完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作(状态)发生在主要谓语动作之前初中英语语法总结，那么不定式就要用其完成式。进行式：如果主要谓语动作(情况)发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在发生，那么不定式就要用其进行式。例如：1.She feels relaxed to have finished writing her thesis before the deadline2.The Vikings are believed to have discovered
22、 America3.When you called me last night， I happened to be working on the computer5不定式的被动形式当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动形式，包括它的一般式和完成式。例如：1.For twelve years， Spanish censorship did not allow Lorcas name to be mentioned and his work to be published2.The snow was supposed to have been blown off the mountai
23、n6不定式的否定形式否定形式是在不定式的标志to前加not。例如：1.I decided not to ask him again2.Please remember not to leave the lights on when you are out清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站： 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果学校 _ 班级_ 姓名_ 学号_-密-封-线-第一学期七年级英语竞赛试题题号听力部分笔试部分总分一二三四五六七八九得分说明：全卷8页，考试时间为90分钟（其中包括听力考试时间约15分钟）。满分100分。听力部分一、听句子 根据句子的内容和所提的问题，选择符合题意
24、的图画回答问题，并把最佳选项的字母编号写在题号前的括号内。每小题听一遍。（本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分。）( )1.What time does Ginas mother go to work?A B C ( )2.What does Lily want to buy? A B C( )3. What fruit does Joe like?A B C ( )4. What does Nancy like for lunch?A B C 第1页共8页( )5.What does Mr. Brown often do on Sundays? A B C二、听对话 回答每段对话后面的问题，在
25、各题所给的三个选项中，选出一个最佳答案，并将其字母编号写在题号前的括号内。每段对话听两遍。（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。）听第一段对话，回答第6题。( ) 6. What is Janes favorite sport?A. Tennis B. Basketball C. Baseball听第二段对话，回答第7题。( ) 7. What does the man want?A. Socks B. Shorts C. Pants 听第三段对话，回答第8题。( ) 8. Where is the computer game? A. On the table B. Next to the
26、 table C. Under the table听第四段对话，回答第9题。( ) 9. How much are these clothes?A. Thirty-seven dollars B. Thirty dollars C. Seventeen dollars听第五段对话，回答第10题。( ) 10. What does Kate have for breakfast?A. Bread and milk B. Eggs and milk C. Hamburgers and milk听第六段对话，回答第11-12题。( ) 11. What club can the girl join?
27、 A. Art club B. Music club C. Chess club ( ) 12. Can Gary do Chinese Kung Fu? A. Yes, he can. B. No, he cant C. Yes, she can听第七段对话，回答第13-15题。( ) 13. When does Scott get up?A. At 6:13 B. At 7:15 C. At 6:30( ) 14. When does Scott get to school?A. At 7:15. B. At 7:30 C. At 7:45( ) 15. What time does Sc
28、ott leave school?A. At 5:15 B. At 5:35 C. At 5:50三、听短文 在每小题给出的三个选项中，选出一个能完成所给问句/句子的最佳选项，并将其第2页共8页字母编号写在题号前的括号内。本题听两遍。（本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分。）( )16. There are_ people is Anns familyA. four B. five C. three( )17. What is Ann doing in the picture? A. Watching TV. B. Reading. C. Eating a cake.( )18. What ar
29、e her brother and sister doing? A. Playing baseball B. Playing football C. Playing tennis.( )19. What are her parents doing in the picture? A. Reading B. Swimming C. Watching TV( )20. Where is Anns sister in the picture?A. In the park B. Under the tree C. At home四、听对话填写单词 根据所听到的内容，用听到的单词完成句子，每个空格只填一
30、个单词。本题听两遍。（本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）21.John wants to go to a _.22. John likes thrillers because they are _.23. Alice doesnt like thrillers because they are _.24.The ticket is _ yuan each.25.Theyll meet at _ oclock.笔试部分五、单项填空 从每小题四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，将最佳选项的字母编号填写在题号前括号内。（本大题共14小题，每小题1分，共14分。）( )26. Linda is
31、 my mothers sister, so she is my _.A. sister B. cousin C. aunt D. uncle( )27. This _ my room. There _ a clock and some books in the bookcase.A. are, is B. is, are C. are, are D. is, is( )28.- Where are _ keys? - _ are in the drawer.A. his, It B. my, They C. her, my D. she, They( )29.- Are you Han Me
32、i? - _. I am Wei Hua.A. Yes, I am B. No, I am C. Yes, Im not D. No, Im not( )30.- Does he play sports?- No, _. He only watches them_ TV.A. he does, on B. he does, in C. he doesnt, on D. he doesnt, in( )31.-Do you have _ basketball? -Yes, I do.A. a B. an C. the D. /( )32.- _ does Tom have in the morn
33、ing? - Math and Chinese.第3页共8页A. What class B. Whats your favorite subject C. How many class D. What subject( )33.For dinner, Tom likes _. A. hamburgers, salad, and oranges B. chicken, tomatoes, French fries C. eggs, bananas, and apple D. French fries, sofa, vegetable( )34.- Draw a map on the blackb
34、oard, Tom? - _.A. Yes, please B. Thats all right C. All right D. Thanks( )35.- Can I help you?- _.A. Yes, please B. Thank you C. OK D. You are welcome ( )36.September is the _ month of a year.A. nine B. nineteen C. nineth D. ninth( )37.- How much is this T-shirt? - Ninety _. A. dollar B. yuan C. yua
35、ns D. cent(美分)( )38.There are _ days in May. A. twenty-eight B. thirty-one C. twenty-nine D. thirty( )39.The man doesnt know how to _ this word in English. A. speak B. say C. tell D. talk六、请把下列单词中的十二个按要求归类（本大题共12小题，每小题0.5分，共6分）difficult science interesting January Tuesday hamburger JulySeptember bro
36、ccoli math Thursday history Friday relaxing40.Adjectives _ _ _41.Months _ _ _42.Weekdays _ _ _ 43.Subjects _ _ _ 七、给下列对话排排序。（共5分） In an English corner(英语角), two boys are talking in English.A: Whats your favorite sport?B: I am thirteen years old.C: Ping-pong.D: My name is David. How old are you, plea
37、se?E: Good evening.F: Yes, I do. Deng Yaping, Liu Guoliang and Kong Linghui.G: Deng Yaping is very famous. She is well-known all over the worldH: I am twelve. What about you?第4页共8页学校 _ 班级_ 姓名_ 学号_-密-封-线-I: Ping-pong is good. Thats a popular sport. Then do you have your favorite players（运动员）?J: Good
38、evening. My name is Tom. Whats your name, please?44.正确的顺序是：_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_八、完形填空 通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，将其字母填写在题号前的括号内。（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。）Tome is a boy 45 fourteen. He is a middle school student . He 46 very hard . He is a good student . 47 he gets up at 6:30 in the morning . 48
39、that he washes his face , brushes his teeth and then 49 out to do morning exercises . He 50 breakfast at about 7:00 . He goes to school at 7:30 51 his bike .Classes 52 at 8:00 . They have six classes a day , four in the morning and two in the afternoon . Classes are over at four . After school he 53
40、 baseball on the playground . At about five he comes home . He has supper at six . After supper he 54 homework .( )45. Aat Bof Cfor Din ( )46. Astudies Bstudy Clearn Dstudys( )47. AThen BUsually CBecause DAfter ( )48. AAfter BThen CBefore DAt ( )49. Ago Bcome Cgoes Dgoing ( )50. Ahave Btake Cmake Dhas( )5
