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1、小学英语语法基础习题六35形容词和副词比较级当我们将一个人或物与另一个人或物进行比较时我们就用比较级。其构成是形容词和副词的比较级形式+than.ADJETIVES 形容词多数单音节和双音节的形容词加“er”构成比较级。 Its warm. Its warmer than yesterday. Yesterday was cooler than today. 今天暖和。今天比昨天暖和。昨天比今天冷。 Jane is tall. She is taller than Joe. Joe is shorter than I. 简长得高。她比乔高。乔比简矮。有些形容词以辅音加“y”结尾，把“y”改成“
2、i”加“er”。She is a happy person. She is happier than I.她是一个乐观的人。她比我乐观。许多单音节形容词双写末尾的辅音。 They have a big house. Its bigger than mine. 他们有一所大房子。它比我们的大。一些双元音和多音节形容词，用“more”“less”构成比较级。 Im careful. Im more careful than you. Youre less careful than I. 我认真。我比你认真。你不如我认真。 My book is interesting. Its more inter
3、esting than yours. Yours is less interesting than mine. 我的书很有趣。它比你的书有趣。你的书没我的书有趣。有些形容词的比较级不规则 Its a good day. Its better than yesterday. 今天天气好。比昨天好。 Its a bad day. Its worse than yesterday. 今天天气不好。比昨天还不好。ADWERBS 副词只有可分级的副词才能有比较级，如daily, only, then不可分级，则没有比较级。 Joe came early. He came earlier than I.
4、I came later than Joe. 乔来得早。他比我来得早。我比乔来得晚。 I eat slowly. I eat more slowly than you. You eat more quickly than I. 我吃得慢。我比你吃得慢。你比我吃得快。有几个副词的比较级形式特殊。 You play baseball well. You play better than I. I play baseball badly. I play worse than you. 你棒球玩得好。你比我玩得好。我玩得不好。我比你玩得差。形容词与副词要比较两件事件或两个人间的类似雷同情况，在形容词和
5、副词前后用“as”。 Jane is as tall as Peter. Jackie runs quickly as Mike. 简和彼得一样高。杰凯和迈克一样快。1. Alices hair is longer than Pats.爱丽丝的头发比帕特的长。2. This lesson is less difficult than that one.这课没有那课难。这课更简单。 3. The black box is as large as the white box.黑盒子和百盒子一样大。4. Henry is a better student than his brother Don.和
6、他的弟弟唐比起来，亨利是更好的学生。5. Sarah is a worse musician than Larry.和拉里比起来拉萨是个糟糕的音乐家。6. The plane arrived earlier than the boat.飞机比船到得早。7. Dogs run more slowly than horses.狗比马跑得慢。8. Kay plays chess better than Paul. 凯比比保罗下棋下得好。PracticeA 用完整的句子回答问题。1. Does Sam run more quickly than Sandra? Sam runs as quickly
7、as Sandra.2. Are giraffes taller or shorter than lions?3. Is Lucy older or younger than Steve?4. Is the house on the left larger or smaller than the house on the right?5. Does Richard do his homework faster or more slowly than his sister/6. Do you usually get home earlier or later than your husband?
8、7. Which runs less quickly, a turtle or a car?8. Is Carols bag heavier or lighter than Roberts suitcase?9. Is the black car newer or older than the white car?10. Who is taller, Lee or Ann?36 形容词和副词最高级形容词形容词最高级前用定冠词the ,用于比较三个以上的人或事物。一些单音节和双音节的形容词前面加-est构成最高级形式。以e结尾的形容词加st才构成最高级形式。 That street is wid
9、e. 那个街道宽。 It is wider than my street. 它比我住的那条街宽。 Its the widest street of all. 它是最宽的街。一些双音节和所有三音节形容词的最高级形式前加the most或the least。 Joe is intelligent. 乔聪明。 Jay is more intelligent than Joe. Joe is less intelligent than Jay. 杰伊比乔聪明。乔不如杰伊聪明。 Jim is the most intelligent of all. Joe is the least intelligen
10、t of all. 吉姆是最聪明的。乔是最不聪明的。一些形容词有特殊的最高级形式。 She is a good teacher. 她是个好老师。 Hes a bad student. 他是个差学生。 Shes a better teacher than Jane. 和简比，她是个好老师。Hes a worse student than AI. 他是比埃尔还差的学生。Shes the best teacher in the school. 她是学校里最好的老师。Hes the worse student in the school. 他是学校里最差的学生。副词副词最高级形式的构成和形容词一样。
11、Sue arrived early. 苏到得早。 You drive carefully. 你开车小心。 Sue arrived earlier than you. 苏比你到得早。 You drive more carefully than Jack. 你比杰克开车小心。 Sue arrived the earliest of all. 苏到得最早。 You drive the most carefully of all. 你开车最小心。一些副词有特殊的最高级形式。 Ann dances well. 安跳得好。 Ann dances the best of all. 安比戴夫跳得好。 Dave
12、 dances badly. 戴夫跳得不好。 Dave dances worse than Ann. 戴夫比安跳得差。 Dave dances the worst of all. 戴夫跳得很差。1. Here are three circles. The first circle is larger than the second circle. The second circle is smaller than the first circle and is larger than the third circle. The first circle and the third circle
13、 is the smallest of the three.这有三个圆。第一个圆比第二个圆大。第二个圆比第一个圆小，比第三个圆大。第一个圆是最大的，第三个圆是最小的。2. The first cat is thinner than the second cat. The second cat is thinner than the third cat. The third cat is the thinnest of all.第一只猫比第二只猫瘦。第二只猫比第三只猫瘦。第三只猫是所有猫中最胖的。第一只猫是所有猫中最瘦的。 3. Peter is a better cook than Jean.
14、 Jane is a better cook than Carl. Carl is the worst cook of all, and Peter is the best.彼得烧菜比吉恩好。吉恩烧菜比卡罗好。卡罗是烧菜最差的，彼得是最好的。4. Bicycles are less expensive than cars. Cars are less expensive than trucks. Trucks are the most expensive, and bicycles are the least expensive of the three.自行车比小汽车便宜。小汽车比卡车便宜。
15、卡车是三个中最贵的，自行车是三个中最便宜的。5. In the United States, January and February are the coldest months of the year, and July and August are the hottest.在美国，一月和二月是一年中最冷的月份。七月和八月是最热的月份。 Practice 用完整的句子回答问题。1. Which circle is the largest?Which one is the smallest?The second circle is the largest, and the first one
16、 is the smallest.2. Which is the largest animal of the three?3. Which one travels the fastest: a bus, a train, or a plane?4. In the United States, are July and August the coldest or the hottest months of the year?5. Who is the worst cook of the three?6. Which one is the least expensive?7. Who wrote
17、the most letters?8. Which street is the widest?9. Which animal is the most quiet?10. Which person is the least happy?VOCABULARAugust circle fat intelligent July month quiet truck year best expensive February least most thin worst 37 will形式的将来时肯定句 will形式的将来时表达一个简单的将来行为，许诺或决定。它的构成是will加动词原形。 The teach
18、er will tell you tomorrow. 老师明天将会告诉你。 Well see you at seven oclock. 我们将在七点钟见你。Will形式的将来时 完整形式 缩写形式 单数 复数 单数 复数 第一人称 I will walk we will walk Ill walk well walk 第二人称 you will walk you will walk youll walk youll walk 第三人称 he will walkshe will walk it will walk they will walk hell walkshell walkitll wa
19、lk theyll walk 1. Tomorrow Phil will get up at seven oclock.明天菲尔要起点起床。2. First hell wash his hands and face.首先他要洗手洗脸。3. Next hell brush his teeth.然后他要刷牙。4. Then hell comb his hair.再后，他要梳头。5. Then hell get dressed.而后，他要穿衣服。6. At seven thirty hell have breakfast.七点三十分，他要吃早餐。7. His brother and sister w
20、ill have breakfast with him.他的兄弟姐妹要和他一起吃早餐。8. At eight oclock hell leave for work.八点，他要去上班。9. He and I will probably meet on the corner near his home.他和我可能在他家附近的拐角处见面。10. If its raining, well take the bus to work.如果下雨，我们会坐公车去上班。11. If the weather is good, well walk.如果天气好，我们会走着去。12. Well arrive at th
21、e office at about a quarter to nine.大约八点三十分我们会到办公室。13. Hell probably have lunch alone.他可能会独自吃午餐。14. At five oclock well go home.五点钟我们会回家。PracticeA 将句子变成将来时。将“this”改成“next”，将“every”改成“tomorrow”。 1. Were studying English this year. Well study English next year. 2. Shes going to English class this mont
22、h. 3. Im a good student this week. 4. They eat lunch with us every afternoon. 5. She sits next to me in school every evening. 6. He meets me on the corner every morning. 7. They eat dinner in a restaurant every evening. 8. Im getting us some soft drinks this Saturday. 9. He brushes his teeth and com
23、bs his hair every morning. 10. You walk to school every morning.B 用完整的句子回答问题。1. What time will you get up tomorrow?2. What time will you have breakfast?3. Will you have breakfast alone or with your family?4. What will you probably eat lunch tomorrow?5. Where will you eat lunch tomorrow?6. What will
24、you do tomorrow evening?7. What time will you have dinner?8. What time will you go to bed?9. Where will Ruth go tomorrow?10. What time will she get there?11. What will she do tomorrow afternoon?12. What time will she have dinner?VOCABULARYabout comb (v.) hand probably alone face if then bed family m
25、eet will brush(v.) get dressed next 38 will形式的将来时否定句和疑问句will形式的将来时的否定句的构成是 will加not。注意不规则缩写形式是wont。 完整形式 缩写形式 单数 复数 单数 复数 第一人称 I will not go we will not go I wont go we wont go 第二人称 you will not go you will not go you wont go you wont go 第三人称 he will not goshe will not goit will not go they will not
26、 go he wont goshe wont goit wont go they wont go Will形式的将来时的疑问句构成是将 will提到主语之前。 单数 复数 第一人称 Will I go? Will we go? 第二人称 Will you go? Will you go? 第三人称 Will he go?Will she go?Will it go? Will they go? 1. If I leave home at seven thirty, will I arrive on time at the party? No, you wont.如果我七点半从家走，我会按时到达
27、晚会现场吗？2. Will you go to the library on Friday? No, I wont.你星期五会去图书馆吗？不，我不会去。3. Will Roger go on the picnic tomorrow? No, he wont.罗杰明天去野餐吗？不，他不会去。4. Will it rain tomorrow? No, he wont.明天会下雨吗？不，不会下。5. Will Ken and I need reservations for the show tonight? No, you wont.我和肯需要预约今晚的表演吗？不，你们不用预约。6. Will yo
28、u and Martha go to the beach if it rains? No, we wont.如果下雨你和玛萨去海滩吗？不，我们不会去。7. Will Fred and Norma leave the city on Friday? No, they wont.8. 傅雷德和诺玛星期五会离开这座城市吗？不，他们不会离开。PracticeA 将句子改成疑问句，然后用完整的否定句回答。1. I will return tomorrow. Will you return tomorrow? No, I wont return tomorrow.2. Theyll leave the c
29、ity at ten oclock tonight.3. The weather will be good tomorrow.4. Well stay home if it rains.5. Theyll have a good time next week.6. Jerry will lend us the money tomorrow.7. Hell wait for us until tonight.8. Well watch the animals in the zoo.9. Rachel will help us tonight.10. Youll come here again.B
30、 用完整的句子回答问题。首先给出肯定回答，然后做否定回答。1. Will you buy a house or an apartment? Ill buy a house. I wont buy an apartment.2. Will they meet me at the bus station or at the hotel?3. Will they drink milk or coffee?4. Will they arrive before or afternoon?5. Will the children swim in the ocean or in a pool?6. Will
31、 he set the table for three or four people?VOCABULARYapartment hotel pool station beach need(v.) set(v.) here ocean show 39 反身代词与强势代词 人称代词 反身代词/强势代词 人称代词 反身代词/强势代词 I myself we ourselves you yourself you yourselves he himself she herself they themselves it itself 反身代词反身代词表示主语和动词的宾语是同一个人或事。 He shaves
32、himself every morning. 他每天早上自己刮脸。 She hurt herself yesterday. 她昨天割伤了自己。反身代词经常是介词的宾语。 Paula is looking at herself in the mirror. 保拉正看着镜中的自己。 Tony cooks breakfast for himself. 托尼自己做早饭。反身代词常常表示“独自”或“没有帮助”。 I always eat lunch by myself. 我常自己吃午餐。 The girl lifted that heavy box by herself. 那个女孩自己举起那个重盒子。
33、强势代词强势代词是强调他们所指的名词或代词的重要性。 I phoned the President himself. 我亲自给总统打电话。 They themselves built their house. 他们自己建造房子。强势代词经常直接放在主语之后或置于句子的结尾处。 I myself will buy the flowers. 我自己回去买花。 I will buy the flowers myself. 我会自己买些花。1. Martha cut herself with the scissors. 玛萨用剪刀割伤了自己。2. I burned myself with a matc
34、h. 我用火柴烧伤了自己。3. The children are five years old. They get dressed by themselves every morning. 孩子们五岁了。他们每天早上自己穿衣服。4. After breakfast they go to school by themselves. 吃完早饭，他们自己上学。5. Of course he was here; I myself saw him.他当然在这儿，我亲眼看到他。6. You yourself told me! Dont you remember?你自己告诉我的！你难道不记得了？7. If
35、you both have time, you can paint the house yourselves.如果你俩有时间，你们可以自己给房子喷漆。8. Our doctor says that smoking is bad, but he himself smokes.我们的医生说吸烟有害的，但他自己吸烟。PracticeA 用正确的反身代词或强势代词填空。1. I looked at myself in the mirror.2. The dog sits by _in the corner.3. The little boy got dressed by_.4. They want t
36、o study by _.5. She found _alone in a big city.6. You and Mary run this business_.7. I gave him the money _.8. We always eat by _.9. He _gave me the book.10. The cook hurt _with her own knife.B 用完整的句子填空回答问题。1. Did she make that dress herself? Yes, she made that dress herself. 2. Did he himself give
37、you that address?3. Did they come by themselves?4. Do you prefer to go to the movies by yourself or with someone?5. Did the child hurt himself when he fell?6. Does the cat take care of itself?7. Did you yourself mail the letter?8. Does she like to walk by herself in the park?9. Do you cook for yours
38、elf in the evening? VOCABULARYaddress himself mirror shave(v.) yourself burn(v.) myself smoke(v.) yourselves business itself of course smoking care lift(v.) ourselves someone cut(v.) look remember tell herself match scissors themselves 40 祈使句祈使句是用动词的基本形式构成，用来表达命令或指令。其隐含的主语是“you”。.Stop here and show
39、your ID card.站住，出示你的证件。否定句的构成是将do not (dont)放在动词之前。 Dont forget to meet your aunt at the airport. 别忘了去机场接你姑姑。在公共场合，祈使句的否定句的构成采用不同的形式：no加动词ing的形式，加入一些常规的礼貌用语可使本来强硬的祈使句变得委婉。如：（if you）please, if you dont mind(如果你不介意)，（请） Please wait here. 请在这儿等一下。 Do not smoke in here, if you please. 请不要在这儿吸烟。 Close th
40、e window, if you dont mind. 如果你不介意的话，请关上窗户。 NO SMOKING 不准吸烟 NO PARKING 不准泊车1. Dont waste time. Go to school.不要浪费时间，上学吧。2. Wait for me. Dont walk so fast.等等我，不要走得太快。3. Cross the street while the traffic light is green. Dont cross while the light is red.绿灯亮时过马路。红灯亮时不要过马路。4. Dont break your sisters toy
41、s.不要弄坏你妹妹的玩具。5. Pay for the meal. Dont forget to leave a tip for the waiter.买单时，不要忘记给服务员小费。6. Dont spill your coffee on my new carpet.不要把咖啡洒到新地毯上。7. Turn off your cell phones, please.请挂掉电话。Practice命令汉克做李做过的一件事。然后用更礼貌的表达方式重复这些命令。1. Lee isnt leaving yet; shes waiting for Jim.Hank, dont leave yet; wait for Jim.Hank, please dont leave yet; please wait for Jim.2. Lee isnt driving too fast.3.
