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1、现在分词和过去分词的用法1 分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时,它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. Acc
2、ompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better. He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mothers illness.分词在句子中作状语,使用何种分词,要取决于分词与句子主语的关系:主谓关系用现在分词,动宾或被动关系用过去分词。Not shaving enough hands, we turned to them for hel
3、p.(we dont have enough hands).Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (We are taught / teach us). Inspired by the International, the working people of all countries have been fighting for their final liberation. (The working people were inspired / inspir
4、e the working people)_ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (96,6) A) Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed意为:相信地球是平的,许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系,及分词与主语之间为主谓关系,因此,应用现在分词。No matter how frequently_, the works of Beethoven always attract large
5、audiences. (95,6) A) performing B) performed C) to be performed D) being performed句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演,可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系,应该用过去分词。_as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. (96,1)A) Being published B) Published C) Publishing D) To be published句中 as 引导的是让步状语从句,意为:他的作品尽管在被这样的时候出版,还是引起了关注,可见
6、分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系,应该用过去分词。2 “while (when, once, until, if , though 等连词)分词”结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时,有时可以在分词前加 while,when, once, although, until, if 等连词。When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work.Once recovered, he threw
7、 himself into his work and made every effort to do it well. Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.3 分词作定语分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。We
8、 will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.This is really an exhausting day to all of us!We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day. More and more deve
9、loping countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack.As early as 1649 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town _50 households or more. (98,1) A) having B) to hav
10、e C) to have had D) having had Town后面由分词做定语,而且town本身有50或以上人家,故town与分词间为主谓关系,应该用现在分词。4 分词作宾语补足语4.1 现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance 等感官动词和 look at, listen to 等短语动词,以及 have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语,作宾语补语的成分。On the top of the hill,
11、 we could see smoke rising from the chimneys in the village.The little boy sat beside the railway line and watched the trains roaring by. We should not leave him wondering what he should do.I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. I caught him dozing off in class.4.2 过去分词可以在 allow,
12、ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge 动词等后面作宾语补足语。After my encounter with her, I found myself greatly shaken. You should keep her informed of what is going on here. The teacher expe
13、cted the students well prepared for the examination. 4.2 在动词 see, hear, feel, watch, notice,perceive,observe, listen to, look at 后既可用现在分词做补语,也可用不定式做补语。用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成。I saw Mr. White get off a bus.I saw Mr. White looking into a shop window. Do you hear someone knocking at the door?Ye
14、s, I did. I heard him knock three times.5 分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质,而且主语多为物;过去分词表示主语的感受或状态,主语多为人。The film “Pearl Harbor” is really exciting. I am excited about it.His response to the question was quite disappointing. I felt disappointed at his response.分词练习 1, After the Arab states won indepen
15、dence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well boys_ to go to school. (97,1)A) to be encouraged B) been encouraged C) being encouraged D) be encouraged2, _,a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.
16、 (97,6)A) Other things being equal B) Were other things equalC) To be equal to other things D) Other things to be equal3, All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off. (98,6)A) considered B) be considered C) considering D) having considered4, The house was very quiet, _as it was on the
17、side of a mountain. (99,6)A) isolated B) isolating C) being isolated D) having been isolated5, This crop has similar qualities to the previous one, _both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil. (99,6) A) being B) been C) to be D) having been6, Corn originated in the New World and thus w
18、as not known in Europe until Columbus found it _ in Cuba. (00,1) A) being cultivated B) been cultivated C) having cultivated D) cultivating7, _in this way, the situation doesnt seem so disappointing. (00,1)A) To look B) Looking at C) Looked at D) To be looked at8, You will see this product _ whereve
19、r you go. (00,6)A) to be advertised B) advertised C) advertise D) advertising9, _in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars. (00,12) A) To be judged the best B) having judged the bestC) Judged the best D) Judging the best10, From the dates _
20、on the plates, we decided that they were made in Song Dynasty.A) marking B) having been marked C) marked D) to be marked11, She stood by the window, _. A) thinking B) think C) thought D) thinks12, _ to meet anybody, he went in from the back door.A) Not wishing B) Wishing C) Not wished D) No wishing1
21、3, The editorial _ now will appear in tomorrows newspaper.A) writing B) to write C) being written D) write14, It _ now pretty late, we took our things and retired to our room.A) is B) being C) turned D) got 15, _ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A) Whe
22、n compared B) While comparing C) Compare D) Comparing16, The old man came upstairs with great strength, his right hand _ a stick for support.A) held B) holding C) being holding D) was holding17, _ three times in a row, the boxer decide to give up fighting. A) having defeated B) To have defeated C) h
23、aving been defeated D) To have been defeated18, _neglecting our education, my father sent me to school.A) Accused of B) Accusing of C) To be accused of D) That he was accused of19, _ mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life to helping the deaf. A) He is remem
24、bered B) While being rememberedC) To be remembered D) Though remembered20, _ that they are fresh from university, the young people have done a good job.A) Given B) Because C) Giving D) As21, _ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.A, If walking B)
25、 While walking C) Walking D) When one is walking22, I understood you were third-year students _ in English.A) who majors B) who major is C) have majored D) majoring23, A cool rain was falling, _ with snow. A) mixed B) mixing C) to mix D) having mixed24, _ by the police, the kidnappers had no choice
26、but to surrender.A) Surrounded B) Surrounding C) having surrounded D) To be surrounded25,_ equal educational opportunities, American Indians in the reservations remained backward and illiterate for a long time. A) Deprived off B) Depriving off C) Deprived of D) Depriving of26, All the exam papers _,
27、 the teacher sent the class home.A) having been handed in B) having hands in C) handing in D) being handed in 27, _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A) Founding B) It was founded C) Being founded D) Founded28, There _ no fresh drinking water and no good fa
28、rm land, it was not a comfortable place in which to live. A) be B) was C) were D) being29, _ in Beijing for quite a few years, Mr. Park had little difficulty understanding Chinese.A) having lived B) Lived C) Living D) To live30, Any packet _ properly will not be accepted by the post office.A) not to
29、 be wrapped B) not being wrapped C) not wrapped D) not having been wrapped31, The lab _ next year will be more advanced than the old one.A) built B) to be built C) being built D) to build32, Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely _ to the outside world.A) being lost B) losing C) hav
30、ing lost D) lost33, He was sitting in the chair, _ a book. A) read B) was reading C) reading D) with reading34, Such _ the case, there were no grounds to justify your complaints. A) is B) was C) be D) being35, Peter is a good student, _ his best subject. A) as English B) English as C) being English D) English being答案: 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. C 8 B 9. C 10. C11. A 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. A21. D 22. D 23. A 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. C31. B 32. D 33. C 34. D 35 D