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1、1、前言模具是工业产品中生产用和重要工艺装备，它是以其本身的特殊形式通过一定的方式使原材料成型。现代产品生产中，模具由于其加工效率高，互换性好、节省原材料，所以得到广泛的应用。按成型的对象和方式来分，模具大致可分为三类：金属板料成型模具、如冷冲压模；金属体积成型模具、非金属材料成型模具，其中使用量最大的是冲压模和塑料模，约占模具总量的80%。本设计是倒装式复合模，其生产效率高，冲载件的精度也容易达到高精度。条料的精度比连续模低，复合模适于大批量生产。冲压加工在国民经济各个领域中应用范围相当广泛，当然冲压加工还存在一些问题和缺点，但随着科学的进步，这些问题一定会尽快完善和解决的。2 题目：倒装式
2、复合模3 冲压模具设计程序3.1 确定冲压工艺方案和模具结构形式3.1.1 分析制件的冲压工艺性制件形式简单，尺寸要求不高，冲载件材料为纯铝，具有良好的可冲压性能。零件图上的尺寸均未标注尺寸偏差，为自由尺寸，选用IT12确定尺寸的公差，经查表得各尺寸公差。3.1.2 确定冲压类型及结构形式产品的生产量为5万件，属小批量生产，产品外形和尺寸均无特殊性要求，根据典型模具结构，可以确定采用模具结构为刚性卸料下出件方式。4 工艺计算4.1 排样、计算条料宽度，确定步距4.1.1 搭边值 查最小工艺搭边值表3-7确定搭边值，两侧搭边值各取2，两制件间的搭边值取2。4.1.2 复合模进料步距由搭边值和排样
3、图，经用UG绘图测得进料的步距为67mm。4.1.3 条料宽度 查（2）P表3-11得=0.15mm B=（D+2a） =（40+2X2） =444.1.4 计算冲压力冲压力等于冲孔时的冲压力和落料时冲压力之和，查（1）表5-2P113 非铁金属材料的力学性能，取=108MPa 。冲载周边的长度由UG绘图测得制件的周长加两小圆直径为10和一直径为25圆周长的总长L=331mm 。即冲载力 FLt （2）P52 =331x1x108 =35748（N）推件力的n值为1，K查 （2）3-15 P55 取得值为0.05即推件力 F=n KF =1x0.05x35748 =1787.4（N）总的冲载力
4、，因为模具结构采用刚性卸料装置和下出方式，所以 F=F+ F （2） P56 =35748+1787.4 =37535.4（N）4.1.5 选择冲压设备由于零件尺寸不大，精度要求不高，批量小，所以选用开式机械压力机，适合冲载加工，有一定的精度和刚度，操作方便，价格低廉，所以选用开式机械压力机。冲载件尺寸为80mmX40mm，板厚为1m，结合企业的设备情况，查压力机规格表5-10，初步选J23-25型开式机械压力机。4.2 确定压力中心模具的压力中心就是冲压力合力的作用点，因为产品零件是对称的，所以中心点在零件的中心，即为直径为25圆的中心点。4.3 模具刃口尺寸的计算查（2）表3-3 P33
5、得 Z=0.04mm Z=0.06mm 则 Z- Z =0.06-0.040.02（mm）凸、凹模分别按IT6和IT7级加工制造由于零件为IT12级，取X=0.75 =0.009mm =0.015mm 校核：| | +|Z- Z 0.009+0.015 0.06-0.04 0.024 0.02 （不满足间隙公差条件）因此只有缩小 、提高制造精度，才能保证间隙在合理范围内。由此可取 0.4（Z- Z）=0.4x0.02=0.008mm 0.6（Z- Z）=0.6x0.02=0.012mm4.3.1 冲压两小孔的凸模刃口尺寸为 查（3）表2-2 P18 得0.15mm d =（d+X ） =（10
6、+0.75x0.15） =10.1（mm）4.3.2 两小孔的凹模刃口尺寸d =（d+ Z） （2）P38 =（10.1+0.04） =10.14（mm） 孔距尺寸 L = L1/8 =601/8x0.3 =600.038（mm）4.3.3 中心大孔的凸模刃口尺寸为 值为0.21mm 查（3）表2-2 P19 d = （d+X ） = （25 + 0.75x0.21） =25.16（mm）4.3.4 中心大孔的凹模刃口尺寸为 d =（d + Z） =（25.16 +0.04） =25.2（mm）4.3.5 落料查（3）表2-2 P18 得=0.25mm ；=0.3mm D=（D- X） （2）
7、 P38 =（40 -0.75x0.25） =39.81（mm） D= （D- X） （2） P38 =（20 -0.75x0.21） =19.84（mm） D= ( D- Z) (2) P38 = ( 39.81-0.04) =39.77(mm) D= ( D- Z) (2) P38 = (19.84-0.04) =19.8(mm)5 主要模具零件结构尺寸5.1.1 凹模板尺寸凹模厚度： H = K b （15mm） K查（2）表3-19 P91 =0.380 =24 （mm）凹模边壁厚： C =（1.52）H =2 X 24 =48 （mm）凹模板边长： L = b + 2C =80 +
8、2x48 =176 （mm）凹模板宽度： B =步距 + 冲载件宽度 +2C =67 + 40 +2 x 48 =203 （mm）最后依据设计尺寸，按冲压模具标准模架凹模周界尺寸系列，确定凹模外形尺寸为 210mm x 180mm x 35mm5.1.2凸凹模固定板厚度hh一般取凹模厚度的0.6到0.8倍即 h=（0.6 .8）H =（0.6 0.8）x 24 取 h=15mm弹性卸料板厚度 h 取 8mm凸模固定板厚度 h即 h= （0.6 0.8）H =（0.6 0.8）x 24 取 h=15mm导料板厚度查 （2）表3-21 P96 h= 6mm 挡料销高度 h= 3mm5.1.3 凸凹
9、模长度的计算因为卸料方式为弹压卸料，所以 L = h+ h+t +h =15 +8 +1 +26 =50 （mm）5.1.4凸模长度的计算 空心垫板厚度 h取20mm L = h + h + h+ h =24 + 15 + 20 =59（mm）5.1.5 各主要零件尺寸序号名称长 X宽X厚（mm）材料数量1小凸模10.1 x 59T8 A12凸凹模T8 A13上垫板210 x 180 x 1045钢14凸模固定板210 x 180 x 1545钢15卸料板210 x 180 x 845钢16凸凹模具固定板210 x 180 x 1545钢17下垫板210 x 180 x 1045钢18空心垫板
10、210 x 180 x 2045钢19大凸模25.16 x 59T8 A1制造过程（单位）机械加工工艺卡过程卡产品型号零件图号6共2 页产品名称零件名称凹模板第1 页材料牌号45钢毛坯种类毛坯外形尺寸215x185x28每毛坯件数1每台件数备注工序号工序名称工序内容工序号工序名称1备料条料锯切(退火状态):215x185x28 mm8钳 研磨洞口内壁侧面达0.8m 配推件块到要求2粗铣铣六面达210.3x180.3x25mm,并使两大平面和相邻两侧面基本垂直9钳用垫片层保证凸凹模与凹模间隙均匀后,凹模与上模座配作销钉孔3平磨磨光两大平面厚度达24.5mm,并磨两相邻侧面达四面垂直,垂直度0.0
11、2mm/100mm10平磨磨凹模板上平面厚度达要求4钳划线 划出各孔径中心线并划出凹模洞口轮廓尺寸钻孔 钻螺纹底孔,销钉底孔,凹模洞口穿线孔铰空 铰销钉孔到要求攻丝 攻螺纹丝到要求5热处理淬火 使硬度达6064 HRC6平磨磨光两大平面，使厚度达24.2mm（单位）机械加工工艺卡过程卡产品型号零件图号8共2页产品名称零件名称凸模固定板第2 页材料牌号45钢毛坯种类毛坯外形尺寸215x185x20每毛坯件数1每台件数备注工序号工序名称工序内容工序号工序名称1备料条料锯切(退火状态):215x185x20 mm8钳研配凸模2热处理调质 硬度2428 HRC9磨磨模厚度到要求3粗铣铣六面达210.3
12、x180.3x17mm,并使两大平面和相邻两侧面基本垂直4平磨磨光两大平面,厚度达20.5mm;并磨两相邻侧面使四面垂直,垂直度0.02mm/100mm5钳划线 凸模固定孔中心线,销钉孔中心线,螺纹过孔中心线,销钉过孔中心线钻孔凸模固定孔穿丝线,螺纹过孔和销钉过孔到要求6线切割割凸模固定孔单边留0.010.02mm研余量组装图明细表上垫板 上垫板凹模板凸模固定板凸凹模固定板下垫板推件块推件块模柄空心垫板凸凹模Employment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.You may need to ma
13、ke a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.For more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seeDismissal.You can make a claim to an
14、employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.Remember that in most cases you must make an application to
15、 an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisatio
16、ns listed underFurther help.Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to
17、an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underFurther help.If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as a
18、damages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.If you are thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice f
19、rom an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeEmployment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Island
20、s-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its ab
21、out how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate inve
22、stigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA.Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different lif
23、e became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, s
24、uddenly feel something, do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子；或许是追溯过去，对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒悟，这些天以来，思绪一直很凌乱，在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己自己似乎应该去做点什么，或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅，突然就感觉到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而穷尽我们的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky mone
25、y and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found
26、 that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has
27、sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年时，觉得压岁钱和新衣服是过年必备，但是随着年龄的推进，会越来越发现，那些东西根本就可有可无；初中时，以为要有一场暗恋才意味着真正的成长，但三年过去后，自己心平气和的写同学录的时候，突然就发现是不是真正的成长了，好像并没有那么重要了；然后到了高中，觉得非要吐露出自己的心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一个句点，但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉，后
28、来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场，看着他投过篮球的球框时，突然间发现自己已经想不起他的容颜。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原来，这个世界上，对某个事件能产生化学反应的，除了非做不可的坚决，还有，时间。A persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing co
29、uld shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injec
30、tion, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一个人的时候，自己的想法总是特别地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明确，好像没有什么可以撼动自己。也曾经好像已经下定了决心去做某件事，但更多的时候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦，最终却发现有很多缘分，有很多错过，好像冥冥之中真的已经注定。那些曾经所谓的非做不可，只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂，或者说，是自以为是的精神寄托罢了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly though
31、t of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是阴暗的，空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。突然想到
32、那件蓝格子衬衫；那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸；那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊；还有那场还没有开始就宣告了终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可，终于和青春一样，都将在我们的人生中谢幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity a
33、nd limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of com
34、mercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weatheThe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then
35、, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep
36、end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end. Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air clo
37、ser to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an alti
38、tude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).cause there
