《【英语论文】由情态动词正确用法谈汉译英翻译策略The Translation Strategies from Chinese into English with Regard to the Appropriate Use of English Modal Verbs.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《【英语论文】由情态动词正确用法谈汉译英翻译策略The Translation Strategies from Chinese into English with Regard to the Appropriate Use of English Modal Verbs.doc（31页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、由情态动词正确用法谈汉译英翻译策略The Translation Strategies from Chinese into English with Regard to the Appropriate Use of English Modal Verbs论文摘要“情态是说话人对事物所持有的主观态度”。通过运用情态动词，人们表达了各自的主观态度及观点。情态动词作为表达情态最典型和传统的用法之一，广泛地运用于英语情态表达之中。由于汉语中并没有明确的情态动词这一语法词汇，而英语情态动词又具有复杂性，使得两种语言之间的翻译变得不易。有鉴于作者在平时的工作、学习过程中频繁接触到英语情态动词，而如何根据英
2、语情态动词的语义特点，将中文的情态含义用恰当的英文情态动词加以翻译表达，引起了作者的关注和研究兴趣。作者首先查找了相关理论和文献资料，明确了英文情态动词具有相别和级第的划分。作者按照理论指导，先将英语情态动词按照相别划分为义务相、原动相和推测相，明确了同一情态动词可以有不同的语义。然后将英语情态动词按照级第划分为原级、倾向级和必定级，归纳出不同情态动词在同一语义下，可以表现出不同的情态含义程度。作者同时从各类出版的语法书籍和相关材料中，寻找具有代表性的句子实例，结合上述理论知识，进行分析论证，总结出有效的翻译策略，即：首先要正确理解汉语的情态含义，通过相别分析来缩小语义范围，选择合适的英语情态
3、动词进行翻译。如遇到同一相别下有多个选择，则需要结合上下文，按照情态含义的轻重程度选择合适的情态动词。虽因时间及个人学识能力有限，对论题只进行了初步探索，但通过撰写本文，作者更好地理解了英文情态动词，找到了汉译英过程中的有效翻译策略，也帮助作者对今后正确使用英文情态动词奠定了更为扎实的基础。关键词：情态动词，汉译英，翻译策略。AbstractThe abstract should include the following information: research background, objective(s), data type(s), data analysis method(s),
4、 result(s) and significance of the research.Suggest length: 300-500 words.Modality is the subjective attitudes from the speaker to certain objects. (Wang Fengxin, English Modality, 1990) By using modal verbs, people express their subjective attitudes and opinions respectively. As one of the most typ
5、ical and traditional methods in expressing modality, modal verbs are widely used in English. However, since Chinese language hasnt modal verbs in grammar as English does, and English modal verbs have complicated semantic features, it brings difficulty into translation between two languages. As the w
6、riter frequently meets the using of English modal verbs in daily working and studying, therefore, it interests the writer to have a study on the translation strategy from Chinese to proper English according to semantic feature of English modal verbs.The writer firstly looks up the relevant theories
7、and rationale, and gets to know that English modal verbs have a division method by phase and by grade. According to the theories, the writer divides modal verbs by phase into deontic phase, dynamic phase and epistemic phase, and understands that the same modal verb can express different semantic mea
8、nings. Next, the writer divides modal verbs by grade into positive grade, inclining grade and necessitating grade, and then the writer summarizes that the different modal verbs can express various modal meanings in different degrees under the same semantic meaning.Meanwhile, the writer collects the
9、typical example sentences from published grammar books and reference books. After analyzing these exampleswith relevant theories, the writer concludes that a useful translation strategy to firstly have a correct understanding of modal meanings in Chinese, and then select the suitable English modal v
10、erbs by narrowing phase range to translate it. If we still have several modal verbs to choose, then we have to consider the context, and then select a proper modal verb according to the modal meaning degree in the context.Although it is only a primary research because of the limitation to the writer
11、s study time and personal knowledge, the writer still gets a better understanding of English modal verbs and concludes a useful translation strategy from Chinese into English in the preparation of this paper. Moreover, it certainly strengthens the writers knowledge on how to use English modal verbs
12、properly in future.Key words: English modal verbs, from Chinese into English, translation strategy.Table of ContentsThe Translation Strategies from Chinese into English with Regard to the Appropriate Use of English Modal VerbsPages1 Introduction .1.1 Project Background .1.2 Project Objective .1.3 Re
13、search Method .1.4 Project Frame .111122 Rationale .2.1 Relevant Theories and General Understanding of Modality and Modal Verbs .2.1.1 Modality .2.1.2 Modal verbs .2.2 Semantic Analysis of English Modal Verbs .2.2.1 Division by Phase .2.2.1.1 Deontic phase .2.2.1.2 Dynamic phase .2.2.1.3 Epistemic p
14、hase .2.2.2 Division by Grade .2.2.2.1 Positive Grade .2.2.2.2 Inclining Grade .2.2.2.3 Necessitating Grade .2.3 Modal Verbs Translation from Chinese into English .222344555566663 Data Description .3.1 The Source of Data .3.2 The Type of Data .7784 Data Analysis .4.1 Analysis in Phase .4.1.1 Analysi
15、s in Deontic Phase .4.1.2 Analysis in Dynamic Phase .4.1.3 Analysis in Epistemic Phase .4.2 Analysis in Grade .4.2.1 Analysis in Positive Grade .4.2.2 Analysis in Inclining Grade .4.2.3 Analysis in Necessitating Grade .8991012131314155 Results and Suggestions .5.1 Analysis Results .5.2 Translation S
16、uggestions of “from Phase to Grade” .5.2.1 The Meaning of “from Phase to Grade” .5.2.2 Detail Corresponding Strategies by “from Phase to Grade” .5.2.2.1 In Deontic Phase .5.2.2.2 In Dynamic Phase .5.2.2.3 In Epistemic Phase .16161617171718186 Conclusion .20Bibliography .21Appendix .22The Translation
17、 Strategies from Chinese into English with Regard to the Appropriate Use of English Modal Verbs1 Introduction1.1 Project BackgroundPeople have different subjective opinions and standpoints on the same objective situation or condition. To express these subjective meanings, modality has existed as a g
18、rammatical method. In English, the grammatical forms to express modality are various. Among them, the using of modal verbs is one of the most traditional and typical methods to express subjective meanings, and it is widely and commonly to be used in English.As a foreigner, it is hard to have the sam
19、e language skill on using modal verbs as the native speaker in English. Moreover, the writer finds that the modal meaning words in Chinese are not always matched word by word in English. Especially the same Chinese modal meaning can be translated into different English modal verbs. Meanwhile, even t
20、he same English modal verb has the different modal meanings. English modal verbs are more complicated than it looks like. These phenomena attract the writer to have a primary study on the appropriate using of English modal verbs.1.2 Project ObjectiveThe writer firstly studies in this paper about the
21、 semantic modal features of complex English modal verbs. And according to the following detailed data analysis, the writer is trying to find out the translation strategy from Chinese into English by using appropriate modal verbs. In general, the writer expects to have a deeper and better understandi
22、ng and application ability of using modal verbs properly, and concludes a useful translation strategy ultimately.1.3 Research MethodThe writer firstly goes to libraries and internet to find out relevant theories. The cited theories are quoted from these published articles and theses. When the writer
23、 finds the English modal verbs are complicated to be divided by phase and grade, she tries to collect enough example data from published guide books and materials which should provide both the source data in Chinese and the target translated data in English by using the typical English modal verbs,
24、so that she can analyze the data by relevant theories, and hence get out the useful translation strategy from Chinese into English as a study result.1.4 Project FrameThe writer firstly makes a brief introduction about the project background, object and her main method during research on this paper.
25、Secondly, the writer interprets her understanding of the cited relevant theories respectively. After collecting enough typical sentences as suitable data in the appendix, the writer then introduces simply about the data source and type, and also lists those data with detailed analysis so as to find
26、out the translation strategies. And finally, the writer summarizes the research results and recommends the effective translation strategy with her research conclusion as well.2 Rationale2.1 Relevant Theories and General Understanding of Modality and Modal Verbs2.1.1 ModalityLanguage is the vital cap
27、ability of human beings. We use languages to exchange information, opinions, requests, and attitude etc. so as to express ourselves and communicate with each other in society. During this communicating process, we not only exchange information, but also express our subjective meanings. 任何一个实际交流中的句子都
28、有两部分组成，即说话人所要传递的客观信息（命题）及说话人对该信息的主观态度（情态）。 (Each sentence during an actual communication is comprised by two portions, i.e. the objective information (proposition) issued by speakers and the subjective attitudes (modality) took by speakers. Zhu Guanming. Modality and Chinese Modal Auxiliaries, 2004-
29、07-24)The situation or condition (namely proposition) is existed objectively in the real world. However, people can have different opinions to the same proposition. Hence it presents a requirement in languages on how to express these subjective meanings. 情态作为一个语法范畴，其核心的语法意义是表示说话人对句子所表达的命题或命题所描写的情景的观
30、点和态度。 (Modal is a part of grammar category. Its central grammar signification is to express the opinion and attitude from the speaker about the proposition or the situation proposed in the sentence. Li Xiaochuan. Semantic Analyses and Translation Studies of the English Modal Verbs, 2005-09-27) There
31、fore, either Chinese language or English language, modality as a grammatical method offers us to present our subjective meanings. 情态可以定义为“说话人的（主观）态度和观点的语法化”。 (It can be defined that modality is “a grammaticality of the subjective attitudes and opinions from speakers” . Zhu Guanming. Modality and Chi
32、nese Modal Auxiliaries, 2004-07-24) In general, modality provides a way to present peoples subjective attitude and emotion to the certain proposition during communicating, and to express further the subjective opinions and standpoints among people.2.1.2 Modal VerbsModal verb is a kind of auxiliary v
33、erb. The using of modal verbs assists to express the assumption of speakers subjective opinions and attitudes to certain propositions. 情态助动词用法之一是讲述一种情势或事件的或然性或可能性。 (One of the applications of modal auxiliary verbs is to narrate the probability or the possibility to certain situation or fact. Michael
34、 Swan. Practical English Usage (Translated Copy), 1980.) 情态动词的语义实质是“可能性”。 (The semantic substance of modal verbs is “likelihood”. Li Xiaochuan. Semantic Analyses and Translation Studies of the English Modal Verbs, 2005-09-27) Because of this feature in likelihood, it is discovered that the using of
35、modal verbs is one of the typical and traditional methods to present modality in grammar. Its application is widely to be used to express subjective modal meanings such as possibility, permission, judgment and so on in all sorts of sociality and communication among people.2.2 Semantic Analysis of En
36、glish Modal Verbs情态动词依据它们所表达的相别和级第不同语义有所不同，呈多义性。 (According to the different phases and grades, modal verbs are various on semantic features. Modal verbs have multi-vocal character. Li Xiaochuan. Semantic Analyses and Translation Studies of the English Modal Verbs, 2005-09-27) 相级相互交错变成了基本情态助动词的语义表达格
37、局。 (By interlacing phases with grades, the semantic expression pattern of primary modal auxiliary verbs is generated. Xie Yanmei. On the Meaning of Modal Auxiliaries in English, 2001-12-25)The multi-vocal character makes English modal verbs difficult in using for foreigners. Hence it is necessary to
38、 have a semantic analysis on phases interlaced with grades which are presented by F. R. Palmer and Yi Zhongliang on English modal verbs for a proper understanding on their grammatical meanings and modal applications.2.2.1 Division by PhaseBritish grammarian F. R. Palmer divides the modal verbs by ph
39、ase from the likelihood evaluation angle. Palmer提出了情态动词具有推测、原动、义责三大范畴，这基本概括出了情态助动词的语义全貌，是情态助动词意义的总框架。 (Palmer presents that modal verbs have three categories, i.e. epistemic, dynamic and deontic. It concludes primarily the general semantic feature of modal auxiliary verbs, and their general frame on
40、 the meanings. Xie Yanmei. On the Meaning of Modal Auxiliaries in English, 2001-12-25) 我们将按不同法则估判的可能性称做可能相。 (It is named the phase of likelihood which is evaluated by different principles. Li Xiaochuan. Semantic Analyses and Translation Studies of the English Modal Verbs, 2005-09-27) Phase of likelihood is divided as below three classifications. 他们分别为按社会法则估判的义务相、按自然法则估判的原动相以及按推理法则估判的推测相。 (They are deontic phase which is evaluated by social principle, dynamic phase which is evaluated by natural principle and epistemic phase which is evaluated by logical principle. Li Xia
