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1、1,Unit 2 Robots Grammar,动词不定式的被动语态,2,一、复习各种时态的被动语态 被动语态的基本结构:be+done（以 the book,publish 为例）一般现在/过去时：The book _.一般/过去将来时:The book _.The book _.现在/过去进行时：The book _.现在/过去完成时:The book _.情态动词：The book _.,is/was published,will/would be published,is/was going to be published,is/was being published,has/had
2、been published,can/could/may/mightbe published,3,二、动词不定式的被动语态 1.动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式：1）一般式（not/never）to be done 2）完成式（not/never）to have been done（表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）,4,2.动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用 1)做主语（常用it做形式主语）To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous.被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。2)做表语 The party is to be held next
3、Saturday evening.明年,这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。,It is ridiculous to be offered sympathy by.,It is a great honor to be invited to attend the opening ceremony of Asian Games.,The new drug is to be tested out on the 500overweight people next year.,5,3)做宾语 She didnt like to be treated as a child.He pretended
4、 to have been beaten by his step-father.这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。,The clerk wouldnt like to be laughed at by her customers,4)做宾语补足语 Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座 电影院。,The disabled child expected the cinema to be designed by the chief architect.,6,5）做定语 What a victo
5、ry to be envied by those women!英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。,The English are proud of the Olympic Games to be held in London.,6）做状语 All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.他匆忙赶到订票处（booking office）却被告知 所有的票都卖完了。,He hurried to the booking office only to be told tha
6、t all the tickets had been sold out.,7,3.在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。1)不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成 逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语（或另一名 词/代词）构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,He has nothing to eat.分析：eat 动nothing宾/he 主eat 谓 I will give you a book to read.分析：_ 动_宾/_主_谓 这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。,read,a book,you,read,The elegant lady had something to declare.,8
7、,比较：I have a lot of letters to type.(我有很多信件要打印：I will type the letter)I have a lot of letters to be typed.(意思为：I get sb.to type the letter)1)Ill go to New York.Have you anything _(take)to your wife there?2)Have you any clothes _(wash),sir?”asked the maid 3)I cannot go out now as I have a lot of clot
8、hes _(wash),to be taken,to be washed,to wash,注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式则必须用被动式。,9,3.在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。2)在“主语+表语（形容词）to do”中，主语也是 不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间是 动宾关系。This question is easy to answer.（分析：answer(动)-this question（宾）注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。John is difficult to deal with.（分析：_(动)-_(宾)）如：这扶手椅坐起来很舒
9、服。这题目很难算出来。,deal with,John,The armchair is comfortable to sit in,The question is difficult to work out,10,4.There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被 动式来修饰主语，区别不大。There is a lot of work to do/to be done.(多用主动形式)没有什么可担心的。,There is nothing to worry about.,11,1.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,bu
10、t it remains_ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen,Exercise,B,12,2.I hurried to the meeting hall,only_ that the meeting had been put off.A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told,B,13,3.Do let your mother know all the truth,she appears_ everything.A.to tell B.to be told C.t
11、o be telling D.to have been told,D,14,4.Little Tom should love_ to the theater this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking,A,15,5.It is said that plastics can be used to_ many things.Now people are used to_ plastics products.A.make;using B.making;using C.making;use D.make;use,A,16,6.
12、With a lot of problems_,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled,C,17,7.He_ and was made to repeat it.A.didnt understand B.didnt be understood C.wasnt understand D.wasnt understood,D,18,8.The pupils here_ all kinds of exercises every day in t
13、he past four weeks.A.kept busy doing B.keep on doing C.have kept busy doing D.have been kept busy doing,D,19,9.Visitors_ not to touch the exhibits.A.will request B.request C.are requesting D.are requested,D,20,10.In some parts of the world,tea _ with milk and sugar.A.is serving B.is served C.serves
14、D.served,B,21,1.It will take several weeks for your computer to _(repair).2.I knew him _(catch)by the police.3.A vote is required _(take)in our company at once.4.When some money went missing from the bank,Thomas was believed _(steal)it.,be repaired,to have been caught,to be taken,to have stolen,练习,.
15、,22,23,7.I hope _(admit)to Zhongshan University.8.The book is said to _(translate)into several languages.9.I feel greatly honored _(welcome)into their society.10.Come on!It is an easy sentence _(translate).11.When I came in,he pretended to _.(read)13.Mrs Smith warned her daughter _(not drive)after d
16、rinking.,to translate,to be welcomed,have been translated,to be admitted,be reading,not to drive,24,14.I dont know whether you happen _(hear),but Im going to study in the U.S.A this September.15.He seems _（punish)by his teacher yesterday.,to have heard,to have been punished,16.The school ordered all
17、 the classroom _(clean).17.My grandmother seems to have a lot _(worry)about.18.I am going to the post office.Do you have any letter _(post)?19.You are lucky enough _(not catch)in the rain.,to be cleaned,to worry,to be posted,not to have been caught,25,二、翻译练习1.据说这会议已经被取消了.2.这个学生似乎已经对政治失去了兴趣。3.残疾人不喜欢被
18、别人嘲笑。4.没有可以可以浪费的时间了。5.能被邀请进这个英语俱乐部，是一大荣幸.6.她假装没有听懂我说的话.7.我希望被中山大学录取。8.抱歉，我忘记了你的电话号码了。,26,1.据说这会议已经被取消了 The meeting is said to have been cancelled.2.这个学生似乎已经对政治失去了兴趣。The student seems to have lost interest in politics.3.残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑。The disabled dont like to be laughed at.4.没有可以可以浪费的时间了。There is no ti
19、me to waste/be wasted5.能被邀请进这个英语俱乐部，是一大荣幸 It is a great honor to be invited to the English Club.,27,6.她假装没有听懂我说的话。She pretended not to understand what I had said.7.我希望被中山大学录取。I hope/expect to be admitted into Zhangshan University8.抱歉，我忘记了你的电话号码了。I am sorry to have forgotten your telephone number.,28
20、,Answer key for Exercise 2 on page 14:,to be designedto be rebuiltto be accompaniedto be known asto be filled withto be tested outto be enviedto be set aside,29,were listedbe dividedbe organizedto be accompaniedwere connectedbe surroundedwas attached,Answer key for Exercise 3 on page 15:,30,Using st
21、ructures,Answer key for exercise 1 on page 56:,I did not expect to be interviewed by the general manager.The magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading room(by anybody).She hates to be laughed at by her classmates.,31,He doesnt want his writing to be interrupted(by the guests)./He does
22、nt want to be interrupted while writing.These rules must be obeyed by everybody as they are for the good of the whole school.These are the issues to be discussed tomorrow.It is wrong for him to be made to work all night.,32,Answer key for exercise 2 on page 56:,The dishes need to be washed.The mail
23、needs to be sent right away.The singer refused to be photographed.The house is to be sold.,33,Answer key for exercise 3 on page 56:,那本关于圣经的书需要在这周末之前还给图书馆。下周末前，这个旧扶手椅将有一个沙发代替。不要着急，你有足够的时间把那个传真发到你的公司。你同妻子离婚的决定必须要得到她的同意。,That book on the Holy Bible needs to be returned to the library by/before the end
24、of the week.,That old armchair is to be replaced by a sofa next week.,Dont worry-you still have plenty of time for that fax to be sent to your company.,You decision to divorce your wife has to be made with her agreement.,34,刚刚出了一起事故，不过没有必要惊慌，没有人受伤。虽然她考得不错，但是她预料父母还是会对考试的结果感到失望。当在医院进行大手术的时候，她得到了家人的关爱和
25、支持，（为此）她感到非常高兴。,There has been an accident but there is no need to be alarmed.Nobody has been hurt.,Although she had done well,she expected her parents to be disappointed by her exam results.,She was happy to be supported by the affection of her family when she had a serious operation in hospital.,3
26、5,他为自己被宣布称为智力竞赛冠军得主的事感到十分兴奋。他把他们已经得到的2000元与将提供的1500元加在一起，总共3500元。没有主力队员的参与，他们一定会在即将到来的比赛中被打败。,He was so excited to be declared the winner of talent competition.,He added the 2,000 yuan they had received to the 1,500 yuan to be offered,marking 3,500 yuan in all.,Without their key/leading player,they are bound to be beaten in the coming competition.,
