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1、动词,考点一,动词的基本形式,动词的基本形式有四类：,1.动词原形,2.第三人称单数形式,3.过去式和过去分词,4.现在分词,1.动词原形（Verb Stem）,eg：be have do,动词原形的用法,(1)与助动词（do,does,did等）或情态动词（shall,will,should,would,may,might,have to,must,need,ought to等）搭配时，要用原形。如：Does she like English?她喜欢英语吗？May I use your telephone?我可以用你的电话吗？We must study hard and make progr
2、ess every day.我们必须好好学习，天天向上。Shall we tell her to wait?我们要不要告诉她等一下？,(2)祈使句的句首，要用原形。如：Close the door behind you,please.请随手关上门。Dont make a noise.别吵闹。Lets live in friendship.让我们生活在友谊之中。,(3)使役动词和感官动词之后I saw the train come into the station.我看见火车进站了。He let Jack lead the way.他让杰克在前面带路。I made him laugh.我使他大笑
3、了。,(4)动词不定式之后。She wants to dance with you.她想和你跳舞。,2.第三人称单数形式:是指当主语是第三人称单数，时态是现在一般时的动词形式.,单词形式 词尾变化 例词一般动词加-shelps likes以ch、sh、s、x、o结尾的词加-eswatches does 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加escarry-carries,3.过去式和过去分词的规则变化,过去式和过去分词的不规则变化,1、AAA型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。costcostcost cutcutcut 2、ABB型，即过去式、过去分词相同。1)过去式和过去分词都含有-oug
4、ht。bringbroughtbrought buyboughtbought 2)词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。buildbuiltbuilt lendlent lent 3)过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。catchcaughtcaught teachtaughttaught 4)把-eep变为-ept。keepkeptkept,3、ABC型，即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。1)原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。bewasbeen dodiddone flyflewflowngowentgone lielaylainshowshowedshown 2)词尾为-ow，-aw时
5、，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。blowblewblown drawdrewdrawn knowknewknown throwthrewthrown（show除外）3)词尾为“i辅（1个）e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。（give，hide除外）drivedrovedrivenwritewrotewritten ride roderiddenriseroserisen,4、ABA型，即过去分词和原形相同。comecamecome becomebecamebecomerunranrun 5、情态动词型，只有原形和过去式，
6、没有过去分词。cancouldmaymight willwould shallshould,4.现在分词,写出下列动词的第三人称单数,go _do _play _jump _put _sing _dance _come _fly _study _eat _ like _,goes,does,plays,jumps,puts,sings,dances,comes,flies,studies,eats,likes,写出下列不规则动词的过去式和过去分词,bear_ _become_ _come_ _do_ _eat_ _drive_ _keep_ _hold_ _buy_ _find _ _spea
7、k _ _read _ _take _ _leave _ _sell _ _make _ _,bore,born,became,become,came,come,did,done,ate,eaten,drove,driven,kept,kept,held,held,bought,bought,found,found,spoke,spoken,read,read,took,taken,left,left,sold,sold,made,made,用动词的适当形式填空,Mother _(watch)TV every evening.He _(go)to Beijing two days ago.He
8、 often helps the old man _(carry)the water.Dont forget to _(turn)off the light before you leave the room.5.Please let the girl _(go)first.6.Tell the children _(not play)with fire.7.A cow _(eat)grass but gives milk.8.Do you enjoy _(watch)TV?9.Two months _(be)a long time.10.The Greens _(visit)China be
9、fore.,watches,went,carry,turn,go,not to play,eats,watching,is,have visited,Miss Green saw a wallet _ on the ground whenshe walked past the school gate.A.lieB.lyingC.liesD.to lie,see sb./sth.do sth意为看见某人做过某事/看见某事有发生。故本题选A,A,You must be very tired.Why not _ a rest?stop havingB.stop to haveC.to stop ha
10、vingD.to stop to have,stop to do sth.:是停下（手头的事情）去做另外一件事。stop doing sth.:停止做某事（指停止做原来的事情）。,B,Where is Jim?-He _ to the library.wentB.has beenC.goesD.has gone,从题意得知Jim不在，故应回答他已经去了某地。have been to:去过某地（已返回）have gone to：去某地了（已出发）,D,Look!Lily with her sisters _ a kite.is flyingB.fliesC.are flyingD.fly,从“L
11、ook！”一词得知本句时态为现在进行时。另外介词短语“with her sisters”其实可以放在句末，不影响“Lily”做第三人称单数主语。,A,The school bus _ by a truck.hitB.hittedC.is hittingD.was hit,D,hit意为“撞击”，从句意看应为被动语态。被动语态的构成：be+p.p.(was hit:被撞了),My sister _ the League last year.She _ a Leaguemember for about a year.joined has becomeB.joined has beenC.has j
12、oined has beenD.did join had been,B,前一分句时间状语为“last year”为一般过去时；后一分句时间状语为“for about a year”表延续用现在完成时。become为非延续性动词不接一段时间。,考点二,系动词Link Verb,系动词有:be,become,get,grow,turn,sound,look,smell,taste,feel,seem等。这些词常接形容词、名词等构成“主+系+表”结构。,1.状态系动词“be”，表达主语的性质状态。,He is a teacher.他是一名教师。（表示主语的身份性质）,He is ill.他病了。（表
13、示主语的状态）,2.持续系动词，表示主语继续或保持一种状况例词有keep,stay等。,He always kept silent in class.他上课时总保持沉默。,The weather stays rainy.天气一直是下雨。,3.表像系动词：表示“看起来像，似乎”，有seem,appear,look。,He looks so tired.他看起来很累。,He seems(to be)very sad.他看起来很伤心。,4.感官系动词：feel（感觉起来）,smell（闻起来）,sound（听起来）,taste（尝起来）,look（看起来）,This flower smells ve
14、ry sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。,The birthday cake tastes delicious.这生日蛋糕尝起来很美味。,变化系动词：主要有become,grow,turn,get等。,He became angry after hearing the news.他听说了消息后变得很生气。,Bill Gates grew rich in a short time.比尔盖茨没多长时间就（变得）富有了。,1.What is Mr.Wang like?_.A.He is a teacherB.He is old and kindC.He looks like a balloonD.He
15、likes English,Whats.like?是询问人或事物的性质特征情况的交际用语。,B,His voice_ as if he has a cold.sounds B.listens C.hears D.seems,sound：“听起来”,A,These apples taste_.to he goodB.to be well C.wellD.good,taste表示“尝起来”时，是系动词，后面接形容词作表语。,A,His wish to become a driver has _true.turned B.realized C.come D.grown,come true是固定搭配，
16、表示“实现”，其中come是系动词，表示“成为”、“变得”。,C,As soon as Mr.Zhang went to bed,he_ asleep.kept B.got C.fell D.fall,fall asleep表示“入睡”，是固定搭配，根据题意，应用过去时。,C,考点三实义动词（也称为行为动词）,实义动词,及物动词,不及物动词,必须跟宾语，意义才完整,I trust you.,I enjoy reading.,本身意义完整，后面不用跟宾语,My watch stopped.,意义不完整，带介词宾语,She worried about her daughter.,-What sho
17、uld I do first?-The instructions _ that you should add some water first.A.goB.tellC.writeD.say,解析：go是不及物动词，不能直接加宾语从句；tell应该用“tell sb.that”；write必须是人做主语；say是及物动词，可以接宾语从句。,D,Sometimes you only need one step before your goal_.is achievedB.completesC.has achievedD.has completed,解析：“goal”意为“目标”，与动词“achie
18、ve”搭配，并且本题goal做主语，所以用被动语态。,A,He _ school for ten years.leavesB.has leftC.has been leftD.has been away from,解析：及物动词leave表达的动作是非延续性的。非延续性动词不能与表延续的时间状语连用。类似的词还有die,begin,finish,come,go,borrow,lend,buy 等等。,延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave-be awayborrow-keepbuy-have start-be ondie-be deadfinish-be over join-be in
19、+组织机构,D,考点四 助动词,常见助动词分三类：,be（构成进行时）,I am taking photos.我正在拍照。(动词am无实意，辅助take构成进行时。),Listen！Somebody _ in the next room.singB.singsC.is singingD.are singing,本句为现在进行时，主语somebody意为“某人”，视作单数。,C,When the teacher came in,we _ books.readB.readedC.is readingD.are reading,根据时间状语从句When来判断主句应为过去进行时。（当老师进来的时候，我
20、们在读书。）,D,be（构成被动语态）（be+p.p.）,The problem was solved by Michael.这道难题是被Michael解决的。,Do you often clean your classroom?-Yes,our classroom _ every day.cleanB.cleansC.is cleanedD.is cleaning,答语中classroom与clean为被动关系，即“教室被打扫。”,C,Did you go to Jacks birthday party?No,I_.A.am not invitedB.wasnt invited C.have
21、nt invitedD.didnt invite,invite：邀请答语中I与invite是被动关系，且时间为过去。,B,Mum,can I go to the zoo with Jack?When your homework_,you can.A.is doneB.was done C.doesD.did,A,His new book_ next month.A.will be published B.is publishingC.is being published D.has been published,publish：出版book与publish是被动关系；next month是一般
22、将来时；被动语态的一般将来时形式为：will+be+done,A,The earth is our home.It _well.A.must be protected B.should protectC.need protect D.should protected.,A,protect：保护本句为情态动词+被动语态：must+be+done,do，does，did（构成疑问、否定或强调）,以do为例：,Do you often take exercises？你经常锻炼吗？（疑问）,I dont often take exercises.我不常锻炼。(否定),I（do）take exercis
23、es every day.我确实每天都锻炼。（强调）,have，has,had（构成完成时）,have,has用于现在完成时（表过去已经发生或完成的动作对现在有影响或后果，或持续到现在的动作或状态。）,had用于过去完成时（过去的过去）,I have done my homework.我已经做了作业。（已完成）,I have lived here for ten years.我住这里已经十年了。（在持续）,Before I came here,I had prepared for everything.,He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A.wh
24、ere I had been B.where I had gone C.where had I been D.where had I gone,A,主句He asked me为一般过去时，从句时态为during the summer holidays更在过去。因此为“过去的过去”另：宾语从句用陈述语序。,She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A.forB.inC.byD.at,by the end of：到时为止，截止到时候,C,按要求完成句子,The factory opened ten years ago.（同义句
25、）The factory _ _ _ for ten years.,2.John left Beijing three years ago.（同义句）John_ _ _ Beijing_ three years.,3.They have cleaned the room twice this week.(就划线部分提问)_ _ _ _ they _ the classroom this week?,has been open,hasnt been in,for,How many times have,cleaned,考点五 情态动词,一.can,could,be able to I.can 1
26、）表“能力”He can speak five languages.2）表“许可”=may Can(May)I come in?,3)表“可能性”Can it be true?,一.can,could,be able to,4)be able to与can 的比较 A)表示能力时可通用 No one can/is able to do it.B)be able to可用于任何时态。Im sorry I havent been able to answer your letter.C)将来时可以用用be able to 不能用kan After years of hard work he was
27、 able to win the prize.,一.can,could,be able to2.could 1)could 是can的过去时，可用来较委婉，客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Could you come a little earlier?2)can 和could 表示某人或某物一时的特点，译为“有可能，有时会”。He can be very friendly.He could be very proud.,二.may,might 1）表许可，译为“可以”（正式场合）You may take the book home.2)表示推测，“或许，可能”。It may rain tomorro
28、w.3)表示祝愿 May you succeed!4)might:may 的过去式，但might表可 能性较小，或表更婉转语气。Jim may(might)lend you money.Might I ask a question?,三.must,have to,need1.must 的用法：1）“必须”，否定表禁止。回答其 问句用neednt或dont have to。I must leave at 9.-Must we hand it in today?-Yes,you must.No,you neednt/dont have to.,三.must,have to,need1.must 的
29、用法：2)must 还可表示一种推断和揣测。must+do对现在事实的猜测;must+have done 对过去事实的猜测.You must be joking.I cant find my key.I must have left it in the bus.,三.must,have to,need 2.must与 have to的比较：A)have to-客观情况；must-主观看法。I must learn another foreign language.You have to learn another foreign language if you want to work her
30、e.B)have to用于不同时态，must不行.We will have to buy another TV set.,三.must,have to,need 3.need 的用法：1）作情态动词用时，用于疑问或否定句。回答need问句时，肯定用must,否定用neednt/dont have to.You need not do anything here.-Need I go so soon?-Yes,you must.No,you neednt./dont have to.,三.must,have to,need 3.need 的用法：2)need用做行为动词时的用法：I need t
31、o buy a new dictionary.My bike needs repairing/needs to be repaired.,四.will 和 would 的用法：1.表示“意愿”She wont lend me the money.2.表“邀请”或“请求”Will you give me a piece of paper?3.would比will语气更温婉。Would like something to eat?,五.shall,should的用法 A)shall的用法 用于第一人称，表示征求意见。Shall I turn on the light?B)should的用法表示劝告
32、，建议。You should study the article carefully.2.表示推测，译为“可能，应该，该”。He should arrive at noon.,Choose the best answer,1.Where is our head teacher,Mr.Li?-He _ be in the office.I saw him there just one or two minutes ago.A.can B.may C.might D.must,Choose the best answer,2.Shall I tell him the news after clas
33、s?-You _.Ive told him already.A.cant B.mustnt C.shouldnt D.neednt,Choose the best answer,3.Mrs.Wang,Lingling came to see you just now.-It _ be Lingling.Shes gone to Hong Kong.A.can B.cant C.must D.mustnt,Choose the best answer,4.Anna hasnt come to school today.I think she _ be ill.A.can B.has to C.m
34、ay D.should,Choose the best answer,5.Is Mr.Smith swimming in the pool,Harry?-It _ be him.I saw him go to the library just now.A.may not B.cant C.neednt D.mustnt,Choose the best answer,6.Will you answer the telephone?It _ be your mother.-Sorry.I _.Im busy.A.can;mustnt B.will;cant C.may;cant D.need;wi
35、ll,Choose the best answer,7.Tony _ go to the opera on Saturday because hes going to have a meeting.A.cant B.might C.mustnt D.should,Choose the best answer,8.Be polite.You _ talk to the old like that.A.couldnt B.neednt C.mustnt D.wouldnt,Choose the best answer,9.Look!It _ be the new woman manager.-It
36、 _ be her.She has just left for Shanghai.A.can;mustnt B.must;cant C.must;mustnt D.cant;must,Choose the best answer,10.Schools _ allow students at least one hour a day for sports.A.would B.might C.should D.could,Choose the best answer,11.Never touch my computer while Im away.-I _.A.shouldnt B.mustnt
37、C.wont D.dont,Choose the best answer,1 12.Lets go to Taishan Park by taxi.-Its not far.We _ take a taxi.A.neednt B.cant C.mustnt D.couldnt,考点六、非谓语动词,动词不定式,动名词,分词,to do,doing,doingdone,名词形容词副词,名词,形容词副词,To see is to believe.He likes to play.He asked me to go.I have a lot to do.Im here to meet you.,See
38、ing is believing.I like playing.,an interesting booka broken cupThey came in,singing.Seeing from the hill,our school looks nice.,不定式和动名词作宾语,加不定式宾语 want to go2.加动名词宾语 keep,practice,suggest,enjoy,finish,mind,avoid+doing3.+to do/doing remember,forget,stop,go on,不定式和动名词作宾语补足语,加不定式作宾补 want him to go2.使役动
39、词 let，make,have(sb.do)have sb.do have sb.doing have sth.done3.感官动词“五看两听一感觉”look(at),see,watch,notice,observe,listen(to),hear,feel(sb.do/doing)4.keep,find(sb.doing),1.Dont let him _ out alone at night.He is young and will be frightened.A.go B.goes C.to go D.going,2.My father is not good at cooking.He
40、 often asks my mother _.A.to help him B.to be helped C.not to help him D.how to help him,3.In order to win the first place in the contest,he practiced _ the English song,but he found it difficult _ the lyrics.A.to sing;to remember B.to sing;remembering C.singing;to remember D.singing;remembering,4.M
41、r Green asked us to stop _.So we stopped _ to him at once.A.talking;listening B.to talk;listening C.talking;to listen D.to talk;to listen,5.What should we do to fight H1N1 flu?-We should wash hands often,avoid _ to crowded places and so on.A.go B.going C.gone D.to go,6.John,my computer doesnt work.-
42、Why not ask Mr Liu _ it?A.to buy B.not to buy C.to check D.not to check,7.Whats your plan for the summer holidays?-Ive no idea,but Ive decided _ at home and have a good rest first.A.stay B.to stay C.stayed D.staying,8.We are going for a picnic tomorrow.Ill call Wendy to make sure _.A.why to start B.
43、when to start C.what to start D.which to start,9.My brothers ill in hospital.-Im sorry _ that.A.hear B.hearing C.heard D.to hear,10.She spends much time _ English every day.A.read B.reading C.to read D.have read,11.Would you mind me _?-_.Do it as you like,please.A.to play the piano;Good idea B.playi
44、ng the piano;Of course not C.playing the piano;Of course D.play the piano;All right,12.Oh,terrible!I forgot _ the window.Its windy.-Really?Lets go back home quickly.A.closing B.to close C.closed D.close,13.After the discussion,the students asked their teacher _ next.A.which to do B.what to do C.how
45、to do D.why to do,14.On her way home Lucy saw a thief _ in a shop.She stopped _110 at once.A.steal;call B.to steal;call C.stealing;to call D.stealing;calling,15.Youd better _ too much time playing computer games.A.dont pay B.not to pay C.to not spend D.not spend,16.Do you know Armstrong?-Yes.He is t
46、he first man _ on the moon.A.walk B.walks C.to walk D.walked,17.Is Jack in the library?-Maybe.I saw him _ out with some books just now.A.going B.go C.to go D.went,18.Dad,why should I stop _ computer games?-For your health,my boy,Im afraid you _.A.to play;must B.playing;have to C.to play;can D.playin
47、g;may,19.How about _ in the river with us?-Sorry,I cant.My parents often tell me _ that.A.swim;dont do B.swim;to do C.swimming;not do D.swimming;not to do,20.Im tired these days because of studying for physics.-Why not _ music?It can make you _.A.listen to;to relax B.listen to;relax C.listening to;r
48、elax D.listening to;to relax,21.Why did you buy a radio?-_English.A.Learn B.Learning C.To learn D.Be learning,22.Why not _ your teacher for help when you cant finish _ it by yourself?A.ask;write B.to ask;writing C.ask;writing D.asking;write,23.If people _ cutting down the forest,they will have no pl
49、ace _.A.keep;to live in B.will keep;to live in C.keep;to live D.will keep;to live,24.Would you mind _ the TV?Your father is working now.A.turning up B.turning down C.to turn up D.to turn down,25.Its very nice _ pictures for me.A.of you to draw B.for you to draw C.for you drawing D.of you drawing,Thanks!Bye-bye!,
