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1、如何培养小学生学习英语的兴趣On How to Develop Primary School StudentsInterest in English LearningAbstract: New Primary English Curriculum Standard mentions that the ultimate objective of primary English teaching is cultivating pupils interest in English learning. The learners with interest, high motivation, and l
2、ow anxiety will get more input in language learning. Indeed, “interest is the best teacher.” Interest, especially for children, is the first step of English learning. It plays an important role in cultivating pupils cognitive ability, forming their intrinsic motivation and language input and output.
3、 As is known to all, English classroom is the main place of cultivating pupils interest. As an old saying goes: “Well-begun is half-done.” If a teacher is good at attracting pupils attention and developing their interest in English learning at the very beginning of a lesson, pupils will learn Englis
4、h very well in the whole class and enjoy English learning. Students interest in learning activities depends on a teachers super teaching art. A teacher should try to attract students from the very beginning of every lesson. A teachers lead-in is just like a magnet; his teaching should trigger his st
5、udents interest from the beginning of a new lesson. Guided by these views, the writer thinks that a teachers lead-in skill is very important for cultivating pupils learning interest in English learning. In classroom instructions, a successful lead-in, to a great extent, means a successful lesson. Le
6、ad-in, as the first step of presenting a new lesson, is an art. It demands that a teacher should use his or her language art and management art skillfully to create a pleasant situation and make his or her students enjoy English learning. In this stage, a teacher should make full use of different te
7、aching resources, such as multi-media technology, pictures, to introduce his new lesson. His teaching should be student-centered and develop his students creativity. He may use his students vivid and humorous performance to lead in a new lesson. The teacher, just like a guide, leads his or her stude
8、nts to take an active part in learning activities. In short, this thesis aims to help primary English teachers to realize the important role of lead-in in classroom instructions, explore the new methods of primary English teaching and enhance the efficiency of classroom instructions.Key words: inter
9、est; pupils; English learning; classroom instruction; lead-in art摘要：依照小学英语新课程标准，小学英语教学的最终目标是培养小学生学习英语的兴趣。那些对学习有兴趣，高动机，低焦虑的学习者们能够获得更多的语言输入。的确，“兴趣是最好的老师”。对于学生，尤其是小学生来说，浓厚的学习兴趣是英语学习的第一步。它对于小学生认知能力的发展，内在学习动机的形成，以及语言的输入输出起着重要作用。英语课堂是培养学生学习兴趣的主阵地。俗话说得好，“良好的开端是成功的一半”。如果一名教师从一堂课的开始就善于激发孩子们的学习兴趣，那么，孩子们就有可能在整
10、堂课中轻松愉快的学好英语。学生对学习活动的兴趣有赖于教师运用高超的教学艺术来激发和培养，教师应该从一堂课的开始就吸引学生的注意力，激发他们的学习兴趣。课堂的导入艺术被看作是一块磁石，应该从第一堂课的开始就吸引学生参与课堂活动。受这些观点的启发，作者认为，教师的导入方法对于学生兴趣的培养和激发起着非常重要的作用。课堂导入的成功在很大程度上意味着一堂课的成功。在作者看来， 导入， 作为新的教学内容呈现的第一步，它是一门艺术。它要求教师技巧性的运用自己的语言艺术以及课堂管理艺术为学生创造教学情景，使学生在愉快中进行学习，享受学习的快乐。在导入阶段，教师可以运用各种教学资源如多媒体技术，图片等形式的导
11、入新课。同时，教师的教学应该以学生为中心，充分发挥学生的创造才能，可以运用他们生动幽默的表演来导入新课。教师，就如一名导游，引导学生积极参与教学活动。总之，本文旨在帮助广大小学英语教师意识到课堂导入技能对激发和培养学生学习兴趣的重要作用，共同探索小学英语教学的新方法，从而提高课堂教学效果。关键词：兴趣；小学生；英语学习；课堂教学；导入艺术Contents1. Introduction.1 1.1 Research setting11.2 Research purpose and significance.22. Literature Review.2 2.1 Definition of int
12、erest 2 2.2 Research achievement of former scholars.33. The importance of Interest in English Learning .44. Techniques for Developing Primary School Students Interest in English Learning64.1 Asking questions.64.2 Telling interesting stories.7 4.3 Singing songs7 4.4 Drawing pictures.8 4.5 Playing gam
13、es.8 4.6 Employing the technology of multimedia.84.7 Advancing the teaching level and building a good relationship between teachers and students95. Conclusion.10Work Cited.101. Introduction 1.1 Research settingAs the importance of primary English teaching is gradually valued by the whole society in
14、recent years, primary English, as a compulsory course, is making itself into primary schools. With its further development, to a greater degree experts and teachers are worrying about such problems as those in course design, the inadequacy of teacher resources, the lack of equipments and facilities;
15、 all these defects would find expression in their influences on learners, in this thesis, the primary students. In the writers opinion, however, the great emergency is to activate them, who for rather a long time, are taught as “passive containers of knowledge”. Only when they are sufficiently inter
16、ested in English learning, as “active seekers of knowledge”, will they involve themselves in learning with enthusiasm and interest. Furthermore, interest activation agrees with the demands of the Basic requirements for Primary English Course issued by the National Ministry of Education in the fall o
17、f 2001.As is known to all, classroom is the main place of cultivating students interest. As an old saying goes: Well-begun is half-done. If a teacher is good at attracting pupils attention and developing their interest in English learning at very beginning of a lesson, pupils will learn English very
18、 well in the whole class and enjoy English learning. In short, this thesis aims to help primary English teachers to realize the importance of interest in English learning, explore the new methods of primary English teaching and enhance the efficiency of classroom instructions.1.2 Research purpose an
19、d significanceThe changing world in which we live, the scientific and technological sharing among countries, the migration of people from one place to another, all create the need for the teaching and learning of a foreign language. However, primary school English teaching methods are still under ex
20、ploration. A common phenomenon is that students interest in English is decreasing as their English level goes up. And students become more and more passive in learning English. Moreover, Teaching and Textbook Writing Syllabuses for Primary School English points out, “Interest is a good teacher for s
21、tudents to learn a foreign language. And its an important task for English teachers in primary school to arouse students interest at present.” By writing this thesis, the writer intends to draw our attention to some practical ways to activate primary school students interest in learning English as w
22、ell as the significance of interest activation in primary English classrooms.The success in English teaching and learning depends on many factors. Of these emotional factors, interest is the most important. Motivational state, such as interest, can encourage a person to interact with environment in
23、order to acquire new information. “A persons interest or enthusiasm is activated, leading them to make a conscious decision to act in certain ways in order to achieve a particular goal related to the activity undertaken” (Williams and Burden 120). When students are interested in English learning, an
24、d they do not feel pressured, they will tend to find the material more interesting and learn it more confidently. If a student, after learning English at the primary school, hates it, you would not expect him or her to study hard and he or she would not have the interest and motivation to continue l
25、earning it when he or she moves on to the middle school. Therefore, interest is fundamental to ensure success in learning a foreign language for students. It is of great significance to do the research of interest in English learning.2. Literature Review2.1 Definition of interestWhat is interest? Co
26、mmonly speaking, it usually describes preferences for objects. For example, Jack often spends most of his spare time playing basketball, often watches basketball games in the evenings and reads some reports on basketball matches. So we can say, Jack is interested in basketball.The concept of interes
27、t is more formal in theory. From the psychological view, there are two types of interest, that is, individual interest and situational interest. Individual interest is triggered by individuals predisposition. It is considered to be relatively stable and is often associated with increased knowledge,
28、positive emotions and increased reference value. Situational interest is defined as an emotional state aroused by situational stimuli. Situational interest is a motivational state that encourages a person to interact with the environment in order to acquire new information.2.2 Research achievement o
29、f former scholarsAs early as late 18th century, the concept of “interest” has profoundly found its appearance in works of philosophy, psychology and pedagogy (Ding You 1). J.F.Haierbate, a well-known Russian psychologist is one of the forerunners of interest studies who attempt to define its nature
30、and features, and its importance in child development and education. Following him, dozens of researchers go further into the study by sorting out the origin, the categories, and exploring different stages of interest development and the way of its cultivation.The painstaking work of C.A.Ananing on
31、interest studies and his related theories in philosophy, pedagogy and psychology have led to a conclusion that there is no interest in general, but attention to certain objects and impulse towards it. At the same time, he definitely opposes the diminishing of the concept of interest from psychology
32、and pedagogy. Thus, it is reasonable to say in the nineteenth century, the study of interest is not mature, lacking certainty and conformity. Furthermore, researchers rely on personal intuition and on observers direct impression to judge whether interest exists or not. It was generally agreed that t
33、he contribution of Pavlov developed a new look in interest study. To him, “all behaviors are under the control of the nervous system” (Sutherland 277). With insights from his theory of nervous, Russian researchers carefully explored the features and stages of students interest, and its influence on
34、students perception of the world and their acquisition of knowledge. They avoid the attempt to give an all-purpose definition of interest, which should suit both pedagogy and psychology in nature, Interest is, according to them, rather than a purely kind of psychological phenomenon, but a phenomenon
35、 that exists in all relations of the realistic world, which could only be sorted out by observing human desire and will. Thus, from this perspective, the study of interest should involve purpose and need.Another scholar Piaget, his view on interest is largely reflected in his theory on affective dev
36、elopment, which holds that intellectual development is seen as having two components, one cognitive and the other affective, and besides cognitive development is affective development. According to Piaget, “affect includes feelings, interest, desires, tendencies, values, and emotions in general” (Wa
37、dsworth 30). Especially, according to Piaget, “interest is the one common and powerful example of affect at work influencing our selection of intellectual activities” (Wadsworth 30). He points out the fact that many times when asked why we do a particular thing, the response has something to do with
38、 interest. For example, a person might choose to read a book about building timber frame houses but not about the civil war. In Piagets view, this selection is not provoked by cognitive activities but by affect-in this case, interest. According to Piaget, “it is impossible to find behavior arising f
39、rom affectivity alone without any cognitive elements.” (Wadsworth 30) Thus, Piaget highly integrates affective development with cognitive development. As a “common and most powerful example” (Wadsworth 30) of affect, naturally interest plays a key role in students constructing of knowledge, and sure
40、ly, language. Like other aspects of affect, interest is responsible for the activation of intellectual activity and for selection of which objects or events are acted on. Thus, from Wadsworth, we see a compelling fact that educators have attached great importance to interests influence on students i
41、ntellectual development and knowledge acquisition.In China, some researchers also apply themselves to the study of interest. But their views, based on the foreign study of interest, dont seem to carry something new.3. The Importance of Interest in English Learning Language is a communicative tool. S
42、o, as a language teacher, we should make our learners get more input, intake and help them output successfully.First of all, we should know input, intake and output. “Input” refers to the language that is addressed to the L2 learner either by a native speaker or by another L2 learner. It can be spok
43、en or written. Not at all the available input is processed by the learner, either because some of it is not understood or because some of it is not attended too. That part of the input that is processed or “let in” is referred to as “intake”. The “output” refers to the language produced by the learn
44、er.It is well known that affective factors play an important role in language learning. According to Krashens Affective Filter Hypothesis, if a learners affective filter is low, he is more open to the target language and acquires more. On the contrary, high affective filter impedes acquisition in am
45、ount. That is to say, learners with a low affective filter seek and receive more input. According to this theory, the affective filter controls how much input the learner comes into contact with and how much input is converted into intake. Primary English teachers often experience the situation like
46、 this: when a pupil shows interest in English learning, he or she will listen to the teacher more carefully and his or her mind works faster on input and output. If they cannot get input, or make input into intake, it is impossible for them to output. In primary English classroom, if pupils are in a
47、n active state, they will be interested in teaching materials, will accelerate learning and promote learning quality and learning quantity so that they will get more input from the teacher and then get more intakes. Their mind work faster on input, intake and output and then their learning result is satisfying and efficient.What makes a student want to learn? The answer is motivation. Motivation is a positive factor in English learning. “Motivation is usually defined as an internal state that arouses, directs, and maintains behavior” (Woolfolk 336). Numerous research and experi
