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1、总 论 近些随着国内Internet的普及和信息产业的深化. 近几年宽带网络的发展尤为迅速。基于目前宽带用户的网络接入现状，据资料显示,到2005年中国宽带用户数将增长到2.35亿， 从而超过日本和韩国排在亚洲第一;做为宽带接入重要的客户群体-网吧, 每天聚集着数量众多的网迷和潜在的资源. 目前,全国各城市内的网吧都以显星罗齐布状, 而网吧的建设日益规模化,高标准化，上百台电脑的网吧随处可见，”网吧联盟”的出现也显示出同行业的竞争越发日趋激烈. 对于网吧经营者来说,网吧的建设成本、效益化和网络的性能是最为关键的.目前网吧里的网络在线类应用还是较为复杂和多样性的.比如网络游戏,视频聊天.在线电影
2、，音乐等等.多样化适时的应用将是对网络设备的考验.因此, 如何合理的设计一个经济、高性能、稳定、易管理和维护的网吧网络解决方案，对整个网吧的成本控制来说，显的尤其重要。 网吧网络的主要应用 目前网吧内主要的网络应用大致分为几类: 基本网络应用：网吧的用户可以实现浏览网页、聊天、收发邮件等基本上网功能. 语音、视频应用：提供基于互联网的语音聊天，视频对话；VOD点播；如MSN、QQ、Netmeeting、ICQ、 新浪一点通等实时通讯类服务。 游戏类应用：游戏类可以分为2种，互联网络游戏和局域网络游戏； 目前游戏类的视觉性非常强，特别是互联网络游戏，要求从网吧的局域网络到互联网的网络设备（象交换
3、机、路由器或防火墙），都必须性能稳定和高速。对于那些玩奇迹或传奇等在线类游戏的玩家来说，如果网吧网络不稳定的话，用户的愤怒度和情绪那可想而知。 增值服务功能：目前许多大型网吧为提升知名度和网吧的凝聚力，都推出了网络战队，参加各种规格的正式网络游戏比赛。优越的网吧环境，也可为各种网络比赛提供赛场，同时也可为企业提供培训和活动的基地。品质的网吧网络，优越的网吧人文环境，将是网吧吸引网迷的一大利器。 NETGEAR 网吧网络解决方案 以最以最先进的网络建设思路和最贴近需求的网吧建设为原则。以高速、稳定、组网灵活性为目标。以资金投入结构最合理为依据。在网络的建设过程中，设计应始终贯彻面向应用、注重实效
4、的方针，经济实用。 以最根据网吧对网络设计的不同的需求，美国网件提供了下述三种高速，可靠的网络解决方案。 1）小型网吧网络组网方案(网络规模 50个用户节点以内) 以最根据目前许多地区的公安部门对网吧营业规模提出了要求,如场地和电脑的台数都有所规定，不同地区规定营业网吧电脑台数的要求不同,象在上海规定至少50台电脑,其他地区有些要求20台电脑的网吧才允许营业. 以最针对此类网吧网络，其网吧营业面积相对较小(约200平方米以内)，计算机数量相对较少，电脑摆设比较集中。虽然电脑台数不多,但网络的应用及性能需求却一点也不会少.NETGEAR对小于50台电脑的小型网吧网络做如下设计： 以2台NETGE
5、AR非网管机架式百兆交换机JFS524为中心。JFS524非网管机架式交换机具有2.4Gbps线速的交换性能。提供24个10/100M端口接入，多达4K的MAC地址表，每端口工作在10M或100M时，包转发速率为14.8K/秒；最大延迟仅为20u /秒；真正达到快速以太网所需的性能。 以最另外JFS524还具有每端口连接线正/反线自识别功能，方便了电脑网卡的连接；简明的LED状态显示，方便网管直观的查看交换机运行状况。 2） 网吧的广域网接口设备：我们推荐采用NETGEAR FR114P SPI防火墙。FR114P防火墙集网络地址转换(NAT)、路由器、交换机、防病毒、打印服务器功能为一体；是
6、小型网吧网络的最佳选择。 以最FR114P 防火墙具有1个WAN端口，4个LAN端口,1个打印服务器端口。 FR114P的10/100M WAN接口能支持各种宽带方式的接入（xDSL，Cable Modem, 以太网接入）；10/100M LAN接口用于内部网络的连接。打印服务器端口可支持大多数品牌的打印机的连接,方便提供网吧用户急需要打印的服务. 以最FR114P SPI宽带防火墙具有大于15Mbps的Lan-Wan吞吐量性能. 内置SPI（状态连接包检测）防火墙，可以避免内部网络免受从互联网过来的攻击。同时内置的策略规则，提供了管理员各种手段的策略定义。比如，限制内部主机是否有权或哪个时间
7、段可以使用互联网，对互联网上敏感的字或网站进行过滤。也可以根据定义及关闭服务端口来防止又内象外的病毒攻击. 以最FR114P稳定的性能和低廉的价格是小型网吧方案最佳的购买选择. 同时防火墙的稳定是网吧网络的关键的环节. 2） 中型网吧网络组网方案(网络规模 200个用户节点以内) 以最针对此类200台电脑以内的网吧建设，网络以形成规模, 适当的考虑中心选择高性能的交换机也是必要的. 以最针对这种应用，NETGEAR的小型网吧网络做如下设计： 网络设计结构将分为中心和接入层: 以一台GSM7224高性能的二层线速千兆交换机作为中心交换机，用来联接接入工作组交换机、服务器及防火墙。 以最GSM72
8、24提供了24个10/100/1000M千兆RJ-45端口，4个 GBIC 插槽。GBIC插槽可提供千兆以太网,千兆光纤的连接 (每一个1000Base-T 与对应的GBIC 端口共享使用)。NETGEAR高性能线速中心交换机GSM7224产品,具有48Gbps背板带宽性能，35.7Mpps线速转发二层转发能力，64字节网络帧延迟不到20微秒。如此高速的交换机能力，足以提供中小型网吧网络高速的性能要求。 以最GSM7224具有良好的高可用和高可靠性。灵活的端口配置、服务质量管理等功能、VLAN管理、MAC地址端口绑定等特性。为中型及中小型网吧提供了完整的解决方案和必须的交换性能. 以JFS52
9、4接入交换机，向下可提供线速的10/100M端口作为信息点的接入， 以最JFS524非网管机架式交换机具有2.4Gbps线速的交换性能。提供24个10/100M端口接入，多达4K的MAC地址表，每端口工作在10M或100M时，包转发速率为14.8K/秒；最大延迟仅为20u /秒；真正达到快速以太网所需的性能。 以最另外JFS524还具有每端口接入正/反线自适应功能，方便了电脑网卡的接入；简明的LED状态显示，方便网管直观的查看交换机运行状况。 以FR328S SPI宽带防火墙接入Internet。 FR328S具防火墙(SPI)、网络地址转换(NAT)、路由器、交换机、防病毒、串口备份功能于一
10、体，提供1个10/100M广域网口，8个10/100M局域网口.WAN口可以支持多种宽带线路方式(ADSL、Cable Modem、宽带以太网) 以最FR328S SPI宽带防火墙具有大于50Mbps的Lan-Wan吞吐量性能, 经过严格测试的防火墙产品性能稳定，可靠性高。延迟小、速度快、成本低，符合中小型网吧对速度的需求。 以最FR328S防火墙产品具有比FR114P更强的安全性能保证, 先进的SPI (基于连接的状态数据包检测防火墙技术)、 DoS保护(拒绝服务攻击保护)、入侵检测等安全特性。FR328S防火墙产品可以根据系统的安全需要灵活定制或添加策略，用于防止大多数非法网络攻击和冲击波
11、等网络病毒， 以最FR328S还支持IPSec / PPTP / L2TP VPN 穿透等技术。提供支持如日志记录、Internet 访问告警、报表、基于URL的内容过滤等安全应用特性。可以方便管理员及时得到相关安全告警及相关信息数据。 以最FR328S是中型和中小型网吧宽带连入Internet的最佳选择. 3） 大型网吧网络组网方案(网络规模 200-1000个用户节点以内) 以最目前有许多大型网吧为了便于管理,针对用户不同应用情况, 定制了不同的收费标准.象一般上网区,网络游戏区、视频聊天区, 网上电影区(网吧服务器,互联网VOD点播), 贵宾区等.象视频聊天就比一般上网区要贵1元钱/小时
12、.由于这些不同的区域对网络带宽需求不一样，所以对网络设备的选择也不一样。如果我们在中心和接入都选择支持VLAN的交换机的话, 合理的VLAN划分,即能有效的隔离广播,提高整个网络的使用性能.又能为网吧的管理提供方便. 以最另外,网络具有大容量，可以充分满足上网者对网络带宽的需求，同时也能提供网络设备快速的交换和处理。方案中的网络设备将不单单只起到网络互连的作用。因此，在提供高速交换的同时，可以对网络设备上进行良好的控制，并基于硬件提供安全保障. 方案设计如下: 网吧的核心网络设备建议使用NETGEAR GSM7312千兆核心交换机; 高性能价格比的GSM7312提供12个10/100/1000
13、M双绞线铜缆千兆端口和12个千兆Mini SFP GBIC插槽（与10/100/1000M电口共享），24Gbps的交换能力和17.5Mpps的线速路由转发能力将充分满足整个网络的性能需求, 灵活的端口配配置为网吧组网带来了最大的灵活性。GSM7312核心列交换机支持多种形式的VLAN划分、端口镜象、RIPv1v2、OSPF、SNMPv1v2v3、IGMP监听、802.1x端口认证等丰富的软件特性集，并提供了丰富的包过滤和优先级设置功能及增强QoS功能特性，可以进一步增强网络的安全性以及适应不同网络应用的需求，是构建大、中型网吧网络中心的理想选择。 2）接入交换机：根据网吧布线的设计原则，采用
14、NETGEAR公司 FS750T/FSM526T智能交换机作为接入层的交换机，向下可提供线速的10/100M端口的信息点接入，向上可采用千兆端口与中心交换机GSM7312进行连接。 以最FS750T智能交换机提供48个10/100M 端口，2个10/100/1000M端口； 以最FS526T智能交换机提供24个10/100M 端口，2个10/100/1000M端口； 以最FS750T智能交换机具有13.6Gbps的背板交换能力,11Mpps的包转发率； 以最FS526T智能交换机具有8.8Gbps的背板交换能力,6.5Mpps的包转发率； 以最NETGEAR智能交换机具有简单网络管理的特性（W
15、EB），却可以提供可网管交换机的丰富软件特性。从价格上比同档次可网管交换机要低得多，为网吧组网提供了最大的实惠。 以最智能交换机可方便地通过基于图形化的WEB浏览器界面对交换机设备进行各种功能的配置，如实现交换机性能的监视、交换机端口配置，还可实现高级功能如设置链路中继(Trunking)，建立基于端口和基于802.1Q的VLAN虚拟局域网(VLAN)以及服务质量设置(CoS)等。 以第三方厂商的路由器或防火墙连接互联网。如NetScreen 100. 网吧网络解决方案的优势 整个网络设计均以高速、稳定、经济为原则的网络解决方案，为网吧创造更大的利益提供了保证。由于各个城市、地区的网吧对网络建
16、设的需求有所不同，灵活运用上述网络建议方案，可以满足网吧网络的各种需求。 网吧网络相比企业应用来讲，不会具有一些附加的应用，象VOIP电话、会议系统等等，但网络设备24小时都可能不间断的远行中，网络数据流量却是很大的。而网吧投资者是不可能象企业那样，高投入买最高性能的网络产品，建设最好的企业级网络。所以我们在方案设计中，所选择的产品均避免选择档次过高的产品，实用、够用就行。 整个网络设计和网络结构、层次分明，容易扩展。网吧业主不必为扩建或扩容接入线路而烦恼，最大化的保护原有的设备投资。 NETGEAR公司F系列防火墙是针对成长型商用网络市场, 第一家同时通过国际ICSA产品认证的专业安全厂商和
17、通过国内公安部安全产品销售许可认证的厂商.另外NETGEAR对不同型号的防火墙产品严格的性能测试保证，以提供用户不同的网吧解决应用方案的需求。 NETGEAR公司作为全球中小型企业网络完整方案提供者的领先厂商，在高速交换的可网管、非网管交换机领域，提供了丰富的且应用灵活广泛的产品系列。象在2003年，NETAGER非网管交换机产品发货量以39.1%的市场份额高居全球第一位。 NETGEAR公司网吧解决方案具有稳定可靠、配置简单、可扩展性好、安全性强、性价比高等特点，是网吧经营者的最佳选择。Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journa
18、list and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of
19、the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I w
20、as heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one
21、: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump fro
22、m 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was
23、created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it
24、 did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claus
25、trophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission
26、aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will mov
27、e through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosph
28、ere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step ou
29、t onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is div
30、ing into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough
31、 to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).
32、In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you
33、and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a fea
34、t that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Fol
35、low him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shu
36、ttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist,
37、Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the
38、 edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons pos
39、itioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the f
40、eeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon th
41、at would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of
42、 the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Start
43、ing at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher th
44、an the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly
45、drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool th
46、at he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 m
47、ph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deploye
48、d to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, an
