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1、REVIEW,Intercultural Communication,Intra-cultural communication,behavior that is genetically-programmed(universal behavior)behavior that is cultural(parochial behavior),Two types of human behavior:,Examples of universal behavior,smile when happy wave to greet laugh when amused blush or hide faces wh
2、en embarrassed or coy startle as a reaction to shock cry when sad or in pain slumping when dejected or tired stand straight when alert or confident,Examples of parochial behavior:,modesty food preferences religion ideas of beauty family life nonverbal communication,What do you see?,What do you see t
3、hen?,Lesson 3 Culture Shock,Objectives:1)What is culture shock?2)The stages of culture shock3)Symptoms of Culture Shock4)Ways to manage culture shock,Culture shock is a psychological phenomenon that is experienced most often by those who,whether voluntarily or involuntarily,in the process of adjusti
4、ng themselves to a new culture.It is the trauma of bewilderment which people find themselves in when they are isolated in an alien culture.文化冲击指在大量地收到一种异文化的信息之后，尤其身处异国，不同程度地产生的一种心理反应。这是因为失去自己原有熟悉的社会信号和符号，对于对方的社会符号不熟悉，而产生的深度焦虑症,Culture Shock,Culture Shock,Culture shock refers to the anxiety experienc
5、ed when one experiences the loss of their home culture,family and support system and is confronted with the task of understanding a new culture.,Culture shock is,a strong,emotional reaction a feeling of not knowing what to do or how to do things in a new environment,and not knowing what is appropria
6、te or inappropriatecompletely normaldifferent for each personuniversalsets in after the first few weeks of coming to a new place.,Culture shock can be experienced in stages,Stages of Culture Shock:,Initial enthusiasm and euphoriaIrritability and negativismGradual adjustment and adaptationIntegration
7、 and bi-culturalism,Arrive with great expectations and positive mind set Anything new is intriguing,fascinating and exciting Focus on similarities and how people everywhere are really very much alike May last from a week or two to a month or more,Stages of Cultural Adaptation Stage One:Initial Eupho
8、ria/The Honeymoon,Stage Two:Irritation and Hostility,Focus turns from similarities to the differences which are suddenly everywhere Become easily frustrated by the differences Often feel inadequate and unproductive Little difficulties become major sources of irritation Experience culture shock as th
9、e reality of the new life hits,Symptoms of Culture Shock,Sadness,loneliness,melancholy Preoccupation with health Aches,pains,and allergies Insomnia,desire to sleep too much or too little Changes in temperament,depression,feeling vulnerable,feeling powerless Anger,irritability,resentment,unwillingnes
10、s to interact with others Identifying with the old culture or idealizing the old country Loss of identity,Trying too hard to absorb everything in the new culture or country Unable to solve simple problems Lack of confidence Feelings of inadequacy or insecurity Developing stereotypes about the new cu
11、lture Developing obsessions such as over-cleanliness Longing for family Feelings of being lost,overlooked,exploited or abused,Has adopted some of the local values and feels less isolated Finds increased self confidence Becomes integrated into a new social network Happens subtly and gradually Crisis
12、is over and slowly learn to function under new conditions,Stage Three:Gradual Adjustment,Stage Four:Adaptation or Biculturalism,Increased enjoyment found in new customs and ways of doing/saying things Ability to function in two cultures with confidence Life may be just as good or even better than be
13、fore Realization that there will be things you will miss when you pack up and return home anticipate reality of reverse culture shock!,THE CULTURE SHOCK CYCLE,BACK TO NORMAL,HIGH,BASELINEMOOD,LOW,ADJUSTMENT,CRISIS,MOOD,Months,1 2 3 4 5 6,Developing Intercultural Sensitivity,The Experience of Differe
14、nce,Denial Defense Minimization,Ethnocentric Stages,Ethnorelative Stages,Acceptance Adaptation Integration,Model developed by Dr.Milton Bennett,Portland State University,The universal tendency for any culture to see its own values and practices as natural and correct.,Ethnocentrism stages:,All cultu
15、res are ethnocentric-and must be to impart their values to their members.,The acquired ability to see many values and behaviors as cultural rather than universal.,Ethnorelativism stages:,This approach attempts to understand values and behaviors from the point of view of that culture,rather than as r
16、ight or wrong.,Developing Intercultural Sensitivity,Denial Defense Minimization,Ethnocentric Stages,Ethnorelative Stages,Acceptance Adaptation Integration,Successive cycles of awareness,The Experience of Difference,Culture Shock Cycle,Pre-Departure,Months,Normal Level of Feelings,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
17、0 11 12 Return.,Adapted from a model by Robert Kohls,Therefore,culture shock is not a one-time phenomenon.,Rather,it is a repetitive process of increasingly subtle immersion into a culture.It often involves taking two steps forward and one step back.,Reverse Culture Shock(Re-entry Shock),The often u
18、nexpected and difficult period of disorientation and readjustment experienced after returning to ones own culture after an extended period of living abroad.,Most people anticipate some degree of culture shock.Very few people believe they will experience reverse culture shock.,The Stages of Reverse C
19、ulture Shock are almost the same as those of Culture Shock,Initial Euphoria(may be very brief or not happen at all)Irritability and Negativism(may be very lengthy)Gradual AdaptationTrue Bi-Culturalism,Culture Shock Cycle(Re-entry),Mood,Months,1 2 3 4 5 6,Culture Shock and Reverse Culture Shock are n
20、ot just unpleasant side effects of international living.,They are the necessary ingredients that bring about quality exchanges.,1)Participation is the key2)Establish new support systemsexpatriates,locals3)Take care of yourself-physically and mentally 4)Learn the host country language5)Relax your gri
21、p on home culture6)Stay in touch back home7)Blend your own cultural traditions with the new8)Keep a journal9)Maintain your sense of humor10)Have faith in yourself11)Experiment,expand,explore,Keys to Surviving Cultural Adjustment,Culture shock,Here are some excerpts from the postcards of English stud
22、ents studying in China.Please identify they were written in which stage of culture shock.,Culture shock,Dear Joan,Life here seems not so bad after all.The people are quite nice once you get to know them a little better and begin to figure out their way of looking at things.Guess Im beginning-just be
23、ginning-to know the ropes.LovePeter,Culture shock,Dear Mum and Dad,Im really feeling fed up with my life here and longing for home.Getting anything done over here is a nightmare-the locals are so lazy and unhelpful.And on top of all that I feel rundown and sleepy all the time,seem to have lost all m
24、y zest.LoveJim,Culture shock,Dear Michael,This is a fantastic place!So many interesting things to see,such as the Forbidden City and the Temple of Heaven.Even wandering the streets is a delight with all the bustle and hordes of cyclists.Im really happy I came.Best wishesSimon,Culture shock,Dear Nick
25、y,Thanks for your letter.It was lovely to hear from you.Ive been thinking about your question about what I find strangest about living in China-but the trouble is Ive been here so long and have settled into the way of life so much that everything seems perfectly ordinary!So,if you want to find out youll have to come out to see for yourself with a fresh pair of eyes.I can be your guide!Best wishesPaul,
