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1、七年级语法复习,动词be(is,am,are)的用法,我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。Eg:Your house is very big.Your houses are all very big.变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。Eg:变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。Eg:Is your house very big?还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。,this,that和it用法,(1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this,距离说话人远的人或物用that。如:
2、Eg:Thisisaflower.这是一朵花。(近处)Thatisatree.那是一棵树。(远处)(3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this,后说that。如:Thisisapen.Thatisapencil.这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。(4)向别人介绍某人时说Thisis,不说Thatis。如:ThisisHelen.Helen,thisisTom.这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆。(5)Thisis不能缩写,而Thatis可以缩写。如:Thisisabike.Thatsacar.这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。,(6)打电话时,介绍自己用this,询问对方用that。如:Hello!IsthatMiss
3、Green?喂,是格林小姐吗?Yes,thisis.Whosthat?是的,我是,你是谁?注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:Iam,Areyou?/Whoareyou?(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时,要用it代替this或that。如:Isthisanotebook?这是笔记本吗?Yes,itis.是的,它是。Whatsthat?那是什么?Itsakite.是只风筝。,3these和those用法,(1)this,that,these和those是指示代词,these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that
4、的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。Thisismybed.ThatisLilysbed.这是我的床。那是莉莉的 床。Thesepicturesaregood.那些画很好。Arethoseappletrees?那些是苹果树吗?(2)在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时,通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如:Arethese/thoseyourapples?这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?Yes,theyare.是的,他们是。,4名词s所有格,(1)单数名词后直接加“s”:如:Jimscoat吉姆的外套 Jeffsmother杰夫的妈妈(2)以s结尾的复数
5、名词,只加“”如:TeachersDay教师节thetwinsbooks双胞胎的书(3)不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数,加“s”如:ChildrensDay儿童节mensshoes男式鞋(4)表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加s如:LucyandLilysmother露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈,一个妈妈)(5)表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加s如:LucysandKatesrooms露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子),5Therebe句型,(1)Therebe句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。其基本结构为“Therebe某物(某人)某地(某时)”其中there是引导
6、词,没有词义;主语是be后面的名词,be是谓语动词,在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记therebe句型结构:Therebe放句首,主语跟在后。地、时放句末,强调置前头。如:Thereisabookonthedesk.有时为了强调地点,也可把介词短语放在句首。如:Onthedeskthereisabook.,(2)Therebe句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀:Be动词,有三个,am,is还有are。“Therebe”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are。要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就
7、用are。如:Thereisatreebehindthehouse.Thereissomewater(水)inthebottle(瓶子).Therearesomepearsinthebox.,(3)注意:如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说,“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are。如:Thereisabookandsomepensonthefloor.Therearesomepensandabookonthefloor.,6like一词的用法,like用作及物
8、动词,译为“喜欢”。(1)后接名词或代词,表示喜欢某人或某物。如:Ilikethebabyverymuch.我非常喜欢这个小孩。(2)后接动名词(v.-ing),表示“喜欢做某事”,着重于习惯、爱好。如:Tomlikesplayingfootball.汤姆喜欢踢足球。(3)后接动词不定式(todo),表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”,着重于某次具体的行为。如:Ilikereading,butIliketowatchTVthisevening.我喜欢读书,但我今晚想看电视。,7句子单数变复数,注意以下五要素,(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即Iwe,youyou,she,he,itthe
9、y。如:Sheisagirl.Theyaregirls.(2)am,is要变为are。如:Imastudent.Wearestudents.(3)不定冠词a,an要去掉。如:Heisaboy.Theyareboys.(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如:Itisanapple.Theyareapples.(5)指示代词this,that要变为these,those。如:Thisisabox.Theseareboxes.,8英语日期的表示法,英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词,它们的首字母必须大写,并且前面无需用冠词。如:On Monday用英语表示日期,其顺序为月+日+年,日和年之间需用逗号隔开
10、。如:August2nd,2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如:10thMay,2003(2003年5月10日)英语日期前介词的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,则用介词in,若具体到某一天,则需用介词on。,9.时间的表达法,(1)直读式,即直接读出时间数字7:05sevenfive8:16eightsixteen(2)过、差式,即几点差几分,几点过几分。(以30分为分界线)1:25twenty-fivepastone 2:30halfpasttwo 3:43seventeentofour4:38twenty-twotofive(3)12小时制6:00a.m.上午6点8:2
11、0p.m.下午8点20分(4)24小时制13:0013点钟22:1522点15分(5)15分可用quarter4:15aquarterpastfour5:45aquartertosix(6)时间前通常用at.at5oclockat7:30p.m.,10.want用法,(1)想干什么用wanttodosthTheywanttojointhesportsclub.他们想加入运动俱乐部。(2)第三人称单数作主语,want要作变化Hewantstoplaybasketball.LiXiawantstoplaythepiano.(3)变疑问句,否定句要借助助动词do或does.Doyouwanttopl
12、aysoccerball?Yes,Ido./No,Idont.Doeshewanttogohomebybus?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesnt,11否定句,含有否定词not或 no的句子。改否定句的方法:先加后借 在句中找到Be动词(am,is,are)或情态动词(can,may,could,would,will),在它后面加not;找不到以上词时,借dont或doesnt,放在动词前。注意:句子是三单主语时,借doesnt;不是三单主语时,借do.并且:doesnt一出现,三单式要滚蛋。练习1.She is an American girl2.I have a good fri
13、end3.She lives in london4.We go to school by bike,12英文一般疑问句及肯定和否定回答,一般疑问句是以be动词、情态动词和Do/Does开头的,用Yes或No回答的疑问句。、以be动词开头的一般疑问句及答句Am I?Yes,you are./No,you arent.Are you?Yes,I am./No,Im not.Is he/she/it?Yes,he/she/it is.No,he/she/it isnt.Are we/you/they?Yes,we/we/they are.No,we/we/they arent.、以情态动词开头的一般
14、疑问句及答句Can?Yes,can.No,cant(cannot).、以Do/Does开头的一般疑问句及答句Do you+行为动词?Yes,I do/No,I dont.Do we/you/they+行为动词?Yes,we/they do.No,we/they dont.Does he/she/it+行为动词?Yes,he/she/it does.No,he/she/it doesnt.,注意事项:1、肯定和否定回答中必须用人称代词主格,即只能用I,we,you,he,she,it,they等,不能出现其它词,特别注意不能用this,that,these,those等指示代词。2、肯定和否定回
15、答要保持三个单词,因此当am,is,are出现在句尾时,一定不能缩写。如:不能用Yes,Im;Yes,hes;Yes,theyre.3、am not 不能缩写,如:No,Im not不能用No.I amnt.4、肯定和否定回答不能出现前后矛盾。如:不能说 Yes,he isnt;No,I do;Yes,she doesnt.,改一般疑问句的方法:先找后借 在句中找到Be动词(am,is,are)或情态动词(can,may,could,would,will),把它提到句首;找不到以上词时,借Do或Does,放在句首。注意:句子是三单主语时,借Does;不是三单主语时,借Do.并且:Does一出现
16、,三单式要滚蛋。练习:He likes his family members.Does he like his family members?We are singing and dancing.Are you singing and dancing?Mary can ride a bike.Can Mary ride a bike?There is some water in the cup.Is there some water in the cup?,13特殊疑问句,以疑问词开头的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:what who whose where how why等。回答特殊疑问
17、句时,不能用yes/no,要问什么答什么。特殊疑问句的结构:疑问词一般疑问句?对划线部分提问就是把句子改为特殊疑问句。方法如下:把划线部分替换成相应的疑问词,放在句首;把没划线部分改为一般疑问句,放在疑问词后。提示:划线部分在句首时,只需第步,没划线的词照抄。如:Maria goes shopping with Miss Wang.-Who goes shopping with Miss Wang?,1、目前所学的动词的形式有4 种:,动词原形;如:do;have;like动词的三单式(常在动词原形后加s);如:get-gets动词不定式(to+动词原形);如:meet-to meet动词in
18、g式(动词原形后加ing)如:look-looking,2、表示征求意见或建议邀请的礼貌用语,Would you like+to+动词原形?(你想要吗?)How about+动词ing?(怎么样?好不好?)What about+动词ing?(怎么样?好不好?)Why not+动词原形?(为什么不呢?)Why dont you+动词原形?(你为什么不呢?)Lets+动词原形.(让我们吧。)表示同意、答应:Yes,Id like to./Oh,Id love to.All right/OK.Great!Sure.Good idea!Thanks.Ill be glad to Thanks.That
19、 would be very nice.Id like that.表示不同意、拒绝:No,thanks.Sorry,I cant.Id like to.But Im afraid I cant/I have no time.,3、目前学过的情态动词有can,may,could,would和will等五个,学好情态动词必须把握三个用法:后必须跟动词原形;没有三单式(其后不能加s);可以把情态动词提到句首构成疑问句;可以在情态动词后面加上not构成否定句。,4、目前学过的后跟动词不定式(to+动词原形)的有:,would like to+动词原形(想要做某事);want to+动词原形(想要做某事
20、);forget to+动词原形(忘记要做某事);like to+动词原形(喜欢做某事);love to+动词原形(喜欢做某事)ask sb.to+动词原形.(请/叫某人做某事)tell sb.to+动词原形.(告诉/叫某人做某事)would like sb.to+动词原形.(想叫某人做某事)want sb.to+动词原形.(想叫某人做某事)have to+动词原形(必须/不得不做某事)Nice/Glad/happy to+动词原形(很高兴做某事)如:Nice to meet you.Im glad to be here.Its time to+动词原形(是做某事的时候了)Its very k
21、ind/nice of you to help me.,英语的一些重要原则,英文句子中至少有一个动词,用来作谓语。如:我很高兴-误:I very happy.正:I am very happy.她最喜欢熊猫.-误:She favorite pandas.(favorite不是动词)正:She likes pandas best/Her favorite is pandas.同一个句子中不能同时用be动词和行为动词。误:I am at six get up.正:I am get up at six.误:Are you want to go for a picnic?(Are改为Do)句子中的单数
22、名词前要带冠词,或用复数名词来表示类别。误:orange is orange.正:An orange is orange/Oranges are orange.误:He is doctor.(他是医生)正:He is a doctor.,限定词的唯一原则限定词是指(1)冠词(定冠词,不定冠词)、(2)形容词性物主代词、(3)指示代词、(4)名词所有格、(5)量词(some,any,no,many,much等),这五类词只能用一个修饰同一个名词。如:我的一本书-误:my a book 正:my book吉姆的这个风筝-误:Jims this/the kite正:Jims kiteyour the
23、 bike the some animals that a bus形容词放在名词前的顺序数量+大小形状+新旧+颜色+地方出处+名词。my small yellow desk 我的小黄桌an old brown English house 一座旧的棕色的英式房子英文句子结构顺序 主语+谓语+宾语+小时间+大时间+小地点+大地点。Kangkang finds Baby monkey at eleven this morning in the zoo in Beijing.主语+谓语+宾语+小时间+大时间+小地点+大地点,一般现在时,1.构成:主语+动词+其他2.标志词:always,usually
24、,often,sometimes,never,等频率副词。3.否定句:1)当动词是be,can,may,must,should等在其后加notEg.Icantplayfootball.2)当是实义动词时加助动词dont/doesnt后跟动词原形Eg.Idontlikefootball.Shedoesntlikefootball.4.疑问句:1)当动词是be,can,may,must,should等将其提前Eg.Canyouswim?2)当是实义动词时将助动词do/does放在前面,后跟主语和动词原形。Eg.Doesshelikefootball5.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,现在进行时
25、,1.构成:主语+be+doing+其他2.动词动词-ing变化规律:1)一般情况下直接加-ing,eg.Working2)以不发音e结尾的去e加-ing,eg.Taking3)以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母加-ing,eg.Stopping4)特殊变化,lielying3.标志词:look,listen,now,atthemoment,its oclock4.否定句:be动词后加notEg.Sheisnotlisteningtomusic.5.疑问句:将be动词提前Eg.Isshelisteningtomusic?6.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,三一
26、般将来时,1.构成:主语+begoingto/will+动词原形2.标志词:tomorrow,nextday/month/year 等表示将来的时间3.否定句:be动词后加not;will后加notEg.Heisnotgoingtohaveapianolessonthisweekend.Hewillnothaveapianolessonthisweekend.4.疑问句:将be动词提前;将will提前Eg.Ishegoingtohaveapianolessonthisweekend?Willhegoingtohaveapianolessonthisweekend?5.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一
27、般疑问句,四一般过去时,1.构成:主语+动词过去时+其他2.标志:yesterday,justnow,ago,thismorning,whenIwasyoung,last等3.动词动词过去式变化规律:1)一般动词结尾加-ed,eg.Walk-walked2)以字母e结尾的动词加-d,eg.Live-lived3)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i加-ed,eg.Hurryhurried4)以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母加-ed,eg.Stopstopped4.否定句:1)动词be过去式后直接加notEg.IwasnotinChengdulastyear.2)当是实义
28、动词时,加助动词didnt后跟动词原形Eg.Ididnttelephonemyparentsyesterday.5.疑问句:1)动词be过去式提前Eg.WereyouinChengdulastyear?2)当是实义动词时将助动词did放在前面,后跟主语和动词原形Eg.Didyoutelephonemyparentsyesterday?6.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,用正确的动词形式填空。,1.Thechildrenare_(run)therenow.2.-I_upathalfpastsixthismorning.(get)Myfatheralways_(come)backfromwor
29、kverylate.3.Mymother_alotoffruityesterdayafternoon.(buy)4.Listen!Who_(sing)inthemusicroom?Oh.Mary_(sing)there.5.They_ameetingyesterday.(nothave)6.-_you_(have)anycolorpens?-Sorry,Idonthaveany.7.Shelikeseggs,butshe_(notlike)bread.8.Mymother_(tell)meastoryeverynight.9.-Howmuchmeat_you_(want)?-Akilo,ple
30、ase.10.Someone_(be)inthenextroom.,running,got,comes,bought,is singing,is singing,didnt have,Do,have,doesnt like,tells,do,want,is,11.There_(be)apenandtwoerasersinthepencil-box.12.Youmust_(get)hereattwothisafternoon.13.Thetwins_thirteentwoyearsago.(be)14.Theteacherisbusy.Heonly_(sleep)fivehoursaday.15
31、.Look!Thebus_(come).16.She_(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.What_he_(like)?18.He_(teach)Englishinamiddleschool.19.Shealways_(do)yourhomeworkwell.20.-What_she_(do)?-She_(clean)herroomnow.,is,get,were,sleeps,is coming,goes,does,like,teaches,does,is,doing,is cleaning,形容词,(1)在句子中做定语,一般放在名词之前。但是当形容词修饰so
32、mething,somebody,anything,anybody,nothing,nobody时,要放于其后。Eg.Ihaveaninterestingbook.Thereisnothingserious.(2)作表语,放在系动词之后。Eg.Thiskindofdressisexpensive.(3)以a-开头的形容词,一般在句子中只能作表语。Eg.Keepquiet!Mybabyisasleepintheroom.(4)作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。Eg.Thegoodnewsmakesusveryhappy.,副词,副词在句子中主要做状语,可以修饰动词、形容词、副词。修饰动词时,一般放在行
33、为动词之后;修饰形容词时,一般放在形容词之前;表示时间、地点的副词一般放在句末或句首;频度副词一般放在行为动词之前。Eg.Icanthearyouclearly.,3.比较级用法,(1)可以单独使用eg.IhopetodobetterinEnglish.(2)和than一起用eg.ZhangJunisstrongerthanLinTao(3)其他几种用法 a.两者比较,哪一个更怎么样?Who/Which+be+比较级,AorB?Eg.Whodidbetter,LucyorLily?b.用比较级形式表达最高级意义 比较级+thananyother+n.+比较级范围(in/of)=比较级+than
34、anyoftheothers+in/of=比较级+thantheother+n.+in/of(在同一范围内比较)比较级+thanany+n.+in/of(在两个不同范围内比较)Eg.Kateismorecarefulthananyothergirlinourclass ShanghaiisbiggerthananycityinShangdongProvince.c.越来越怎么样?“比较级+and+比较级”Eg.Ourcountryisbecomingstrongerandstronger.,d.有范围的两者之间的比较用“the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo”Eg.Mymotheristheb
35、usierofthetwo e.用来修饰比较级的副词有:much/far/lots/alot;alitter;even;still等4.最高级用法用来对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较,形容词的最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词前的the可以省略。a.最高级+范围Eg.ChangjianisthelongestriverinChina.b.主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+名词复数+比较级范围(of/in短语),表示“最的之一”。Eg.YangLiweiisoneofthemostfamousheroesinChina.c.主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+单数名词+比较范围,
36、表示“是的第几”。Eg.TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.注:有些比较级与最高级之间的句子可以转换。,一写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式:1.few_ 2little_3.bad/badly_ 4.far_ 5.good/well_ 6.many/much_二、写出下列形容词的副词形式:1.heavy_2.happy_3.nice_4.careful_ 5.easy_ 6.angry_7.slow_ 8.quick_ 9.good_10.hard_11.bad_ 12.healthy_,fewer fewest,less leas
37、t,worse worst,深的 further furthest远的 farther farthest,better best,more most,heavily,happily,nicely,carefully,easily,angrily,slowly,quickly,well,hard,badly,healthily,三、用所给词的恰当形式填空。1.Whichis _ _ _ _(big),thesun,themoonortheearth?2.Whichis _ _ _(beautiful),theblackcoatortheblueone?3.Thismooncakeis _ _ _
38、 _(cheap)ofall.4.Heis _ _ _ _(strong)intheclass.5.Mathsis_ _ _ _ _(difficult)ofthetwosubjects.6.Mysisteristwoyears_(old)thanI.7.Marysparentshavefourdaughters,andsheisthe_(young)child.8.Dickcansing_(well),andshesings_(well)thanJohn,butMarysings_(well)inherclass.9.Shewillbemuch_(happy)inhermewhouse.10
39、.Hishandwritingis_thanyours.(bad),the biggest,more beautiful,the cheapest,the strongest,more difficult,older,youngest,well,better,best,happier,worse,四、选择正确的答案。,1.WhichdoesJimmylike_,Chinese,Englishorart?A.well B.best C.better D.much2.TheChangjiangRiverisoneof_intheworld.A.thelongestriver B.Themorelo
40、nger C.thelongestrivers D.longerriver3.Thepenis_thanthatone.A.morecheap B.cheap C.muchcheaper D.quitecheaper4.Thereare_girlsinClass2thaninClass4.A.more B.nicest C.most D.best5.Tingtingis_thanMeimei,butMeimeiis_thanTingting.A.tall,stronger B.taller,strongestt C.tallest,strong D.taller,stronger6.Mothe
41、ris_inmyfamily.A.busy B.busier C.thebusiest D.morebusy7.Sheis_thanmeatdrawing.A.better B.best C.good D.harder,B,C,C,A,D,C,A,8.Thisbluesweateristoobigforme.Willyoupleaseshowmea_one?A.small B.smaller C.thesmallest D.smallest9.TheairinBeijingisgettingmuch_nowthanafewyearsago.A.clean B.cleaner C.cleanes
42、t D.thecleanest10.Mobilephonesareverypopularnowandtheyare_thanbefore.A.cheapB.cheaperC.cheapestD.thecheapest11.Tomisgoodatdrawing.HowaboutMike?Mikeis_,Ithink.Hehasgotmoreprizes(获奖)thanTom.A.well B.OK C.good D.better12.Whichis_riverinChina?TheChangjiangRiver.A.longerB.thelongestC.longestD.thelonger13Ifthereislesshomework,weshouldhave_atschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertime C.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime14.Ifeel_betterthanyesterday.A.more B.very C.much15.Thisschoolbagis_andsells_.A.well,well B.nice,nice C.nice,good D.nice,well,