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1、TA08Architectural comparison of virtualization technologies,Ralf Uwe BarthProduct Marketing SpecialistVMware,Housekeeping,Please turn off your mobile phones,blackberries and laptopsYour feedback is valued:please fill in the session evaluation form(specific to that session)&hand it to the room monito
2、r/the materials pickup area at registrationEach delegate to return their completed event evaluation form to the materials pickup area will be eligible for a free evaluation copy of VMwares ESX 3iPlease leave the room between sessions,even if your next session is in the same room as you will need to
3、be rescanned,Agenda,Emulation,OS-level virtualization,Hosted Virtualization,Bare metal Virtualization,Bochs,Started 1994 by Kevin LawtonEmulates x86 HWSlow through full emulation,x86,PPC,Alpha,Sun,MIPS,Operating System,Bochsx86 HW,QEMU,Started by Fabrice BellardEmulates several CPUsUser space emulat
4、ion and dynamic translation,x86,PPC,Alpha,Sparc,MIPS,Operating System,QEMUx86,PPC,Alpha,Sparc,MIPS,.,Integrations of QEMU in other solutions,Xen:For full-virtualization Xen uses a patched QEMU device manager“as a backend in dom0.VirtualBox:some virtual hardware devices and a built-in dynamic recompi
5、ler as a fallback mechanism.KVM:Uses the/dev/kvm interface to set up the guest VMs address space,feed it simulated I/O and map its video display back onto the hosts and currently.Others,Agenda,Emulation,OS-level virtualization,Hosted virtualization,Bare metal virtualization,OS-level virtualization,O
6、nly one kernel for host and all instancesPretends that each Application has a dedicated OSMany implementations:OpenVZ,Virtuozzo,Solaris Zones,FreeBSD Jails and more,OS-level virtualization,Strengths:Very lightweight VEsSingle OS to manageHigh VE Density Popular with Hosting ProvidersSupport for all
7、HW supported by the OSChallenges/LimitationsPoor isolation and securityCant mix guest OSes/Versions different patch levelsSupports Only Windows Server 2003/Main Linux DistributionsDowntime for patchingSome integrations need approved patches security riskMigrations are slow,require VM reboot,Agenda,E
8、mulation,OS-level virtualization,Hosted Virtualization,Bare metal Virtualization,Hosted Virtualization,Resource management done by the host OSPretends that each VM has dedicated HWMany implementations:Microsoft Virtual PC/Server,VirtualBox,Parallels Desktop/Workstation,VMware Server/Workstation/Fusi
9、on,Hosted Virtualization,Strengths:Good IsolationMultiple OSes independent from the hostVM crashes dont affect other VMs or hostRuns on every HW supported by the host OSChallenges/LimitationsDowntime for patching from the hostPerformance is slower than other architecturesThe host OS is responsible f
10、or the resource schedulingFull OS installation for each VM,Agenda,Emulation,OS-level virtualization,Hosted Virtualization,Bare metal Virtualization,Virtual Machine Monitor,AGPACPIPCI,Unmodified Guest OS(WinXP),Front-EndDevice Drivers,UnmodifiedUserSoftware,UnmodifiedUserSoftware,GuestOS(XenLinux),Gu
11、estOS(XenLinux),Guest OS(XenLinux),Guest OS(XenLinux),NativeDeviceDriver,Back-End,Guest OS(XenLinux),Xen Architecture,Event Channel,Virtual MMU,Virtual CPU,Control IF,NativeDeviceDriver,Domain-0,Domain-U,Front-EndDevice Drivers,Domain-U,Domain-U,Back-End,SMP,Device Manager&Control SW,UnmodifiedUserS
12、oftware,UnmodifiedUserSoftware,UnmodifiedUserSoftware,Safe HW IF,Hardware(SMP,MMU,physical memory,Ethernet,SCSI/IDE),VMware ESX Server Architecture,VMkernel,Linux Driver Interface,HAL,Hardware Bringup,VMkernel Core Infrastructure,Network drivers,Storage drivers,Resource Management,Network stack,Stor
13、age stack,VMFS,Virtual SCSI,Virtual NIC/switch,Service Console,UserWorlds,VMM,VMM,VMX,VMX,Agent,Agent,VMM,Service Console,VMX,Agent,VMkernel,Linux Driver Interface,HAL,Hardware Bringup,VMkernel Core Infrastructure,Network drivers,Storage drivers,Resource Management,Network stack,Storage stack,VMFS,V
14、irtual SCSI,Virtual NIC/switch,UserWorlds,VMM,VMM,VMX,VMM,VMware ESX Server Evolution(ESX Server 3i),Xen/Hyper-V vs.ESX Architecture Comparison,Xen/Hyper-V ArchitecturesVery Small HypervisorGeneral purpose OS in parent partition for I/O and managementAll I/O driver traffic going thru parent OS,ESX S
15、erver 3iSmall Hypervisor 32 mbDirect driver modelManagement VMsRemote CLI,CIM,VI API,Memory Overcommit,Unique VMware FeatureHost system memory is usually the resource bottleneck.VMware memory management technology allows an average of 2:1 memory overcommit(and oftentimes greater)Overcommit not allow
16、ed with XenOvercommit forces page swapping in Hyper-V host,Transparent Page Sharing,Memory ballooning,Paravirtualization and HW Assists,Acceleration Techniques,Storage,Network,ESX Server,Memory,CPU,Paravirtualization,Enables Linux to run at higher performance by making it virtualization-awarePerform
17、ance benefits seen for demanding applications such as Oracle,Apache,Paravirtualization makes the guest OS virtualization-aware and more performant running on a hypervisorVMware led industry collaboration effort to create a standard interface that allows standard Linux kernel(2.6.21)to be virtualizat
18、ion awareStandard Linux distros to include this kernel in subsequent releases(e.g.Ubuntu),Para-virtualization,Provides high-level abstractions appropriate to virtualizationAvoids hard-to-virtualize instructions,replacing them with a“procedure call”to hypervisorEfficiencies due to aggregation:emulati
19、on of large number of low-level instructions replaced by single hypervisor callBenefits:Improved performance for I/O and network intensive workloadsDrawbacks:Guest OS must be modified to use the virtualization APIExamples:Device drivers for VMware ESX guest OSesXen,Hyper-V hypervisorsStandardization
20、:Guest-OS/Hypervisor interface standards are under discussion,CPU Virtualization,HW support for CPU virtualization is herePrivileged instructions:additional ring(s)HW-based guest OS/VMM transitions,VM 1,VM 2,MachineMemory,MA,Memory Virtualization,To run multiple VMs,an extra memory translation is re
21、quiredGuests physical memory is not actual machine memory in systemShadow page tables help enable VMotion,Memory Sharing and moreHW support for memory virtualization is on the wayIntel:Extended Page Tables(EPT)AMD:Nested Paging HW accelerates mapping physical memory to machine memory,PA,VA,PhysicalM
22、emory,VirtualMemory,Device Driver,I/O Stack,Guest OS,Device Driver,DeviceEmulation,Device Driver,I/O Stack,Guest OS,Device Driver,DeviceEmulation,DeviceEmulation,Host OS/Dom0/Parent Domain,Hosted or Split,Hypervisor Direct,Passthrough I/O,VMware Workstation,VMware Server,VMware ESX Server(some devic
23、es),Microsoft Hyper-V*&Virtual Server*,Xen*,VMware ESX Server,Virtualized I/O,Guest OS,Device Driver,DeviceManager,*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others,Future Option,Lowest CPU Utilization,Approaches to I/O Virtualization,Conclusion,Emulation was a slightly different appr
24、oach and slowOS Virtualization brings lightweight instances but also some limitations you have to think aboutHosted Virtualization makes the VMs independend from the HW but resource management is done by the host OSBare metal virtualization gives the broadest possibilities,Virtualization is an enabler for flexible business solutions,Thank you!,References,http:/www.wikipedia.orghttp:/,
