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1、个体差异和相对职业应付Individual-DifferenceVariables and Career-Related Coping,DEBUSE ROTONDODepartment of ManagementSalisbury State UniversityThe Journal of Social PsychologyVol.139 No.4,August 1999,引言,组织精简和重组的影响生涯平台人力资源的主要挑战研究主题,The effects of downsizing and restructuringA career plateauThe major human-resou
2、rce challengeMy research center,应付职业平台 Coping With a Career Plateau,介绍相对生涯应付策略个体差异变量假设,IntroductionCareer-Related Coping StrategiesIndividual-Difference VariableHypothesis,介绍,职业压力已经做过的研究应付是什么？常用模式,Career StressThe research being doneWhat is CopingThe pattern recognized by Elsass and Raslton,相对生涯应付策略
3、Career-Related Coping Strategies,积极策略 问题中心 情感中心消极策略,Positive Strategies problem-focused emotion focusednegative,问题中心problem-focused,什么是问题中心应付问题中心 横向转移 新工作 作为导师 成为功能或技术专家 在团队中工作,What is Problem-focused CopingProblem-focusedlateral transfersnew job dutiesMentorsTechnical expertsWork on special project
4、s or teams,情感中心emotion focused,什么是情感中心情感中心 社会支持 事业重估,What is emotion focusedEmotion focused social supporting reappraisal,消极策略negative strategies,情感中心消极策略 抱怨组织和管理者 降低工作质量和数量 使用酒精和药品 离开,All emotion focusedNegative strategies blaming the organizationReducing the quality or quantity of the their workUs
5、e of alcohol or drugsLeave the organization,个体差异变量Individual-Difference Variables,成就感工作态度消极情感年龄工龄性别种族,Need for achievementJob involvementNegative affectivityAge TenureGenderRace,假设hypothesis,假设1 成就感假设2 工作态度假设3 消极情感假设4 年龄和工龄,Hypothesis1 need for achievementHypothesis2 job involvementHypotheses3 negat
6、ive affectivityHypotheses4 age and tenure,假设1hypothesis1,什么是成就感成就感与积极策略正相关，与消极策略负相关。,Need for achievementHigh need for achievement will be associated with the use of positive strategies and negatively associated with the use of negative strategies,假设2hypothesis2,工作态度工作态度与积极策略正相关，与消极策略负相关,Job involve
7、mentHigh job involvement will be positively associated with the use of positive strategies and negatively associated with the use of negative strategies,假设3hypothesis3,消极情感消极情感与积极策略负相关，与消极策略负相关。,Negative affectivity(NA)NA will be negatively associated with the use of positive strategies and positive
8、ly associated with the use of negative strategies,假设4hypothesis4,年龄和工龄雇员的年龄和工龄与积极政策正相关，与消极政策负相关。,Age and tenureEmploy age and tenure will be positively associated with the positive strategies and negatively associated with the negative strategies,总结目标,SummaryThe goal of my research,方法Method,参与者测量分析方
9、法 回归分析,ParticipantsMeasuresRegression analysis,参与者participants,水处理设备公司450-224-120Perception measures我想我处于生涯平台 性别，种族比例,Water-treatment facility450-224-120Perception measuresI believe I have reached a career plateauThe proportion of gender and race,测量measure,成就感工作态度消极情感年龄和工龄个体差异和应付策略,Need for achievem
10、entJob involvementNegative affectivityAge and tenureCoping strategies,成就感need for achievement,量表 5个问题，7维样题 我采取适度冒险，并且总是瞄准工作以备进步。相关系数,A 5-item scaleA 7-point Liken-type scale of agreementA sample itemI take moderate risks and stick my neck out at work to get ahead.Coefficient alpha,工作态度job involvemen
11、t,量表3个问题，7维样题我以工作为生命。相关系数,3-item scale7-point agreement scaleA sample itemI live,eat,and breathe my job.Coefficient alpha,消极情感negative affectivity,量表21个问题，7维样题一次尴尬经历可以让我焦虑好几天。相关系数,21-item scale7-point agreement scaleA sample examAfter an embarrassing experience,I worried about it for days.Coefficien
12、t alpha,年龄和工龄age and tenure,年龄从22岁到65岁工龄从一年到25年,AgeFrom 22 to 65 yearsTenure From 1 to 25 years,应付策略coping strategies,四维量表完全不同意到完全同意样题,A 4-point scaleFrom not true at all to completely trueSample items,样题sample items,我做横向转移我向同事，朋友，家人诉说工作进展。我决定不再那么看重晋升的事情。,I have taken a lateral transfer.I have talke
13、d with friends about my career progress.I have decided to make promotion less of a priority in my life,结果results,表一 表明了在该研究中所有变量的相关系数。,Table 1 represents the correlation between all of the variables in this study.,表二 表明个体差异与积极策略之间的关系。,Table 2 contains the results of the regression analyses,testing t
14、he associations between the individual-difference variables and the 7positive coping strategies.,表三 表明个体差异与消极策略之间的关系。,Table 3 presents the same analyses for the 6 negative coping strategies.,总结,假设1得到了强烈支持，成就感高的人，明显使用积极策略多余消极策略。,Hypothesis 1 received good support in that need for achievement was sign
15、ificantly associated with the use of more positive and less negative strategies.,假设2在工作态度方面得到了比较模糊的支持。,Hypothesis 2 received very marginal support in that job involvement.,假设3 在消极情感方面的到了较好的支持，消极情感高的人更多的使用消极策略而不是积极策略。(除了更多的使用对工作的重估）,Negative affective was associated with less use of positive strategi
16、es and greater use of negative strategies(the exception being greater use of reappraisal).,对于假设4的有限支持年龄和工龄,I found limited support for hypothesis 4.Age and tenure,讨论 成就感,结论作用,讨论 工作态度,不是一个非常有用的变量两个情感因素作用讨论,Not a useful personality variable in the context of the coping strategies.The twos strategies are emotion focused in nature.,讨论 消极情感,有用变量建议关于重估策略,Be useful dataSuggestionThe value of reappraisal as a positive coping strategies may be in question for plateaued employees.,讨论 年龄和工龄,原因结果讨论,谢谢,PPT 制作：赵树贤,
