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1、 小学语文课外作业现状与对策的思考中英文对照On the present situation and Countermeasures of Chinese extracurricular homework in primary school English control 课外作业是课堂教学的补充和延伸，能够起到巩固知识、提高技能等作用。通过学生的作业情况，教师可以了解自己的教学，完善自己的教学，最终提高课堂教学的效果。好的语文课外作业有助于锻炼学生的实践能力，丰富学生的情感体验，培养学生良好的学习习惯及形成正确的价值观。据调查，在当前的教学活动中，约有80%的老师重视练习的作用，但缺乏科学理
2、论的指导和对学生情况的研究分析，所布置的课外作业存在以下一些问题： Homework is the extension and supplement of classroom teaching, to consolidate the knowledge, improve skills etc. Through the work of students, teachers can find their own teaching, improve their teaching, and ultimately improve the effectiveness of classroom teachi
3、ng. Good Chinese extracurricular homework help to train students practical ability, enrich the students emotional experience, training and forming correct values students good study habits. According to the survey, in the current teaching activities, about 80% of the teachers attach importance to pr
4、actice, but lack the guidance of scientific theory and analysis of students study, the layout of homework, there exist the following problems:目的不明确。对为什么要布置课外作业、布置什么样的课外作业认识模糊。部分教师几乎每学完一篇课文后都是抄词语、做评价手册。课外作业的形式单一、内容枯燥，机械的抄写，让学生失去了完成课外作业的兴趣。The purpose is not clear. For why should assign homework, arra
5、nge what kind of homework fuzzy understanding. Some teachers almost each learned a text is copied words, do Evaluation Handbook . Homework in the form of a single, boring content, mechanical copying, let the students finish the homework lost interest.“度”不适合。有的老师布置的课外作业量太多，一晚上要学生抄一个单元的生字、词语或一下子完成两张测试
6、题等，以至于学生要花很长时间才能写完，甚至有的低年级学生写不完，只能家长代劳。我们邻居的一个孩子，才读二年级，每天一回家就写作业，吃了晚饭接着写，所有作业写完已将近九点钟，学生一点自由支配的时间都没有。 Degree is not suitable for. The teacher assigned homework amount of some too much, asked the students to copy a unit of vocabulary, words or a complete two quizzes, a night, so that students will ta
7、ke a long time to finish, and even some low grade students dont finish writing, only the parents. A child of our neighbors, just read the second grade, every day to go home to do my homework, eat dinner and then write, all the homework has been nearly nine oclock, no students a little free time.有的老师
8、为了便于批改，布置的作业就没有难度，只需抄抄写写，学生写时也不需动脑子，长此以往，学生思维得不到训练，语文能力就不可能有大的提高；也有的老师布置的课外作业难度过大，如为了提高学生的写作水平，每学完一篇课文要求学生写一篇读后感，这对于那些连理解课文都成问题的学困生来说，这可能写好吗？ Some teachers in order to facilitate the correct assignments, no difficulty, just copy copy writing, students write without thinking, if things go on like thi
9、s, the students thinking is not training, language ability can not be a major improvement; also some homework assigned by the teacher is too large, in order to improve the students writing the level of each learned a lesson, students are required to write a Du Hougan, this is for those who have prob
10、lems understanding even the text of the students with learning difficulties, this may be written?形式单一，缺乏趣味性。许多教师感叹学生的家庭作业完成不好或完成得很差，甚至有不完成作业的现象。究其原因，很重要的一条是学生认为作业无趣。小学生还不具备较强的学习“自觉性”，对机械重复的抄写作业就只能被动完成，当然效果不佳。有些教师为布置作业而布置作业，学生则为做作业而做作业，不管合适不合适，有没有作用，学生都得做。这样造成一些成绩不好的学生根本“消化”不了，而成绩优异的学生又得不到提高。教师呢，只管学生
11、做了没有，效果如何则放在次要地位，从而造成课外作业不到位。 The form is single, lack of interest. Many teachers sigh students homework is not good or bad, even have not finished the homework phenomenon. Investigate its reason, its important that students think that the job boring. Students do not have strong learning consciousne
12、ss , on the mechanical repeated copying homework is only a passive, of course, poor effect. Some teachers and assignments for homework, students to do their homework and do homework, appropriate or not, there is no effect, the students have to do. This caused some bad grades of the students simply d
13、igestion, and outstanding students and not to improve. Teacher, although students do not, how is the effect on the secondary position, thereby causing the homework is not in place.批改草率。很多老师都只为检查学生有没有做课外作业，批改时潦草地写上一个等第，毫无激励性的语言。有些老师片面追求作业的标准答案，只要学生的作业答案稍有违背的地方，都予以否认。办公室里常有这样的老师，拿着红笔，一脸怒气，在学生作业完成不认真的情
14、况下，立马把那个不争气的学生叫来，劈头盖脸地训斥一通，久而久之，不仅抹杀了学生的创造性，并造成学生思维的僵化，甚至使学生对作业产生厌烦情绪，对学习也有了一种恐惧感。 Correcting the hasty. Many teachers to check students have to do homework, when correcting scrawled the last grade, there is no incentive language. The standard answer some teachers one-sided pursuit of work, as long
15、as the students homework answer slightly against the local, denied. The office often have such a teacher, with a red pen, a face of anger, completed in the student work is not serious cases, immediately put that fail to live up to his face to reprimand a student called, in the course of time, not on
16、ly through, denied the students creativity, and caused the thinking of the students is rigid, even make the students get bored for homework, learning also has a sense of fear.作业是长期以来困扰我们的问题。据问卷调查显示，在语文学习过程中有一半以上学生对老师布置的语文课外作业不满意，有多数学生将不要布置太多的作业、少写作文和日记等作为对语文老师的最大希望。因此我们语文教师设计作业时应根据课程标准和教材的要求，兼顾知识技能和
17、过程方法，准确、全面覆盖相关知识点，突出重点，精心选择具有代表性、典型性、综合性的内容，坚持课外作业布置“少而精”的原则，考虑学生的特点和个性差异，力求做好以下几点：Homework is a long plagued our problem. According to the survey, in the language learning process more than half of students to teachers layout of Chinese extracurricular homework is not satisfactory, the majority of
18、students will not too much homework, write less composition and diary as the greatest wish for language teachers. Therefore, we Chinese teachers design work should be based on the curriculum standards and the teaching requirements, both knowledge and skill, process method, accurate, comprehensive co
19、verage of the relevant knowledge, focused, carefully select the representative, typical, comprehensive content, adhere to homework arrangement fewer but better principle, to consider the characteristics and the individual differences of students, and strive to do the following:一、明确课外作业的目的 A clear pu
20、rpose, homework教师布置的课外作业是为巩固学生的知识，还是提高学生某一方面的能力，教师应有清楚的认识。如为达到巩固字词的目的，一般一篇课文第一课时上完，可布置让学生抄写生字、课后的词语。如为了使学生养成勤于收集资料的习惯，老师可在新课之前布置学生在课外利用多种形式：上网、翻阅图书、调查访问等查找与课文相关的资料，把自己积累的资料以记录、剪贴、照片、绘画等多种形式体现在专门的资料积累本上。如为了达到检查学生对所学知识的理解、运用的目的，教师可出一些相关的练习题。如为了检查学生遣词造句的能力，可在文中选择重点词语让学生练习造句。如为了培养学生对诗歌的兴趣，学完老师，您好！或我们爱你啊
21、！中国等诗歌后，可让学生模仿文中的写法，来写一写自己的父母或家乡。如为了让学生学习作者围绕中心句进行描写的写作方法，学完课文小镇的早晨，我让学生观察校园的早晨，抓住校园早晨的特点以校园的早晨为题写一篇小练笔，学生有“法”可依，所以写得都不错。 Teachers assign homework is to consolidate the students knowledge, or improve the capability of a student, teachers should have a clear understanding of. As to the purpose of gen
22、eral words, a text first class after, can assign students writing words, class words. Such as to enable students to develop good habits of data collection, the teacher can before the new class arrangement students in extra-curricular use a variety of forms : the Internet, reading books, visiting inv
23、estigations to find relevant information with the text, put their accumulated data to record, clip, photographs, paintings and other forms reflected in the special data accumulation. As to check the students understand the purpose, use, teachers can show some exercises related. As for the ability to
24、 check the students make sentences, in the selection of key words for students to practice. In order to cultivate students interest in poetry, finished teacher, hello! Or we love you! Chinese poetry, can let the students imitate the style of writing, to write to their parents or home. If in order to
25、 let the students learn the author center around the sentence writing method description, completion of the text town in the morning , I let the students to observe the school in the morning, grasp the characteristics of the campus the morning writing a teacher to morning on campus, students have th
26、e law, to write a good.作业不应是单一枯燥的文本，而是富有色彩、充满情趣的多元复合体，它是这样的一种凭借，由此激发学生进行多方面的感官体验，在愉悦合理的情境中获取知识，培养可持续发展的学习能力，并积累大量的愉快而幸福的经历。Operation is not a single boring text, multiple complex but the rich color, full of life, it is a kind of with this, the students can experience various senses, to acquire knowl
27、edge in a pleasant and reasonable in the context of sustainable development, to cultivate the learning ability, and accumulated a lot of happy and the happy experience.二、把准课外作业的“度” Two, the homework degree 这里的“度”包括量度和难度。所谓量度就是作业量的多少，即花多少时间完成，有多少题目等。难度就是指根据学生的已有知识水平，所布置的作业有多少学生能顺利完成。 Here the degree
28、includes measurement and difficulty. How much is the amount of work measurement, which spend much time, how many problems. The difficulty is that according to the existing knowledge level of the students, the homework how many students can finish.首先，老师布置的课外作业量要适中，应符合各年龄段学生的特点，合理控制作业数量，保证学生每天有一定的自由支配
29、的时间。因为量太少，不能起到训练的效果；作业量太多，学生做不完则会给学生造成负担。 First of all, the amount of homework assigned by the teacher should be moderate, should be in line with the characteristics of students of all ages, the reasonable control of the number of jobs, which have some free time every day to students. Because the am
30、ount is too small, can not play the effect of training; the amount of work too much, the students do not finish will be a burden to the students.其次，教师布置课外作业时，要把准难度，要遵循大纲，吃透教材，把握年级段训练重点，要深入了解学生，考虑个体差异，做到难度有针对性。对于优秀的学生，可根据课文内容设计一些提高题，如写小练笔、搜集相关的资料等。而相对比较差的学生重在巩固基础知识，就比较适合做一些字词积累、简单运用等。也就是说教师设计的课外作业要有一
31、定的层次性，让不同的学生的个性得到发挥，思维潜能得到挖掘，努力争取把作业布置在学生的“最近发展区”上。如教完天游峰的扫路人一课，我针对班上学生的差异，设计的课外作业是：1、摘抄课文中优美的词句、描写人物外貌、神态的词语。2、学习文中描写人物外貌的方法，用一段话描写一个你熟悉的人。3、展开想象，写一段话：三十年后，我又来到了武夷山，看到那银丝一样的阶梯学生根据自身情况有选择的完成，结果学生做得很好。 Secondly, the teacher assigned homework, to the difficulty, to follow the outline, understand mater
32、ial grades, grasp the focus of training, students to understand, with individual differences, so difficult to. For the outstanding student, can according to the text raises some problems such as design, write small Lianbi, collect the relevant data. The relatively poor students should consolidate th
33、e basic knowledge, it is more suitable to do some simple words, such as the use of accumulation. That is to say the teachers design the homework to a certain level, let the students personality into play, thinking potential mining, strive for the assignments in the students zone of proximal developm
34、ent . Such as the Tianyou peak sweep passers-by lesson, I for the class differences, the design of homework is: 1, extract the text and beautiful words, describing the characters appearance, his words. 2, learning method to describe the characters of the appearance, with a description of a person yo
35、u know well. 3, imagination, write a paragraph: thirty years later, I came to Wuyishan, see the silver like ladder . . Students according to their own situation to choose to complete, the students do well.三、丰富课外作业的形式与内容 Three, rich in content and form of homework教师不妨改变一下，赋予单一的文本作业丰富多彩的形式和内容，这就要老师尝试变
36、化题型；或变换角度，以大语文观看待语文课外作业，如收听收看新闻，向家长复述课文等。更值得尝试的是，教师要允许学生用自己喜欢的方式完成课外作业，如绘画、设计、剪贴、摘抄等。如我允许学生在课外作业本上绘画，学生画上了一棵大树，在树根部写生字，在树干上组词，在树叶上造句，设计新颖，图文并茂，我对此加以表扬、鼓励，学生可开心了，一个个很用心地去完成作业，字也写得更棒了。例如，教学孙中山破陋习一文时，我就让学生做了这样的作业：用三天的时间，走访老人，和他们谈一谈“裹足”、“小脚”，然后写一篇采访报告。又如学完把我的心脏带回祖国一文，我让学生去收集像肖邦这样热爱祖国的音乐家，学生很快找来了很多音乐家的生平
37、简介，有关音乐家的故事，他们的代表曲磁带，这样学生在积累知识的同时又欣赏了名曲。如为了培养学生的合作意识和竞争意识，学完课文负荆请罪后，我让学生自由组合，练习排演课本剧，然后进行比赛，学生热情高涨，积极性很高，演得很投入。The teacher may change, the form and content of rich and colorful text operations to a single, this is teacher and try to change type; or transform angle, to look at the Chinese language ho
38、mework, such as listening to the news, to parents to retell the text. More worth trying is, teachers should allow students to complete the assignment in the way they like, such as painting, design, clip, extract etc. If I allow students in extra-curricular operation on the painting, students draw a
39、big tree, write new words in the root of the tree, the trunk group of words, sentences, in the leaves of novel design, pictures, I have to praise, encourage, students can be fun, a very hard to finish the work, word also write better. For example, teaching Sun Zhongshan habit-breaking one article, I
40、 let the students do the homework: three days, visited the old man, and they talk about a bound feet , feet , and then write a report. And as the completion of my heart back to the motherland one article, I let the students to collect the musicians like Chopin love the motherland, the students soon
41、found the biography of many musicians, the musicians of the story, they represent the music, so that students and to enjoy the music in the accumulation of knowledge at the same time. In order to cultivate students cooperative consciousness and competition consciousness, to offer a humble apology af
42、ter the completion of the text, I let the students free combination, practice rehearsal textbook play, then the game, the students enthusiasm, enthusiasm is very high, very input.四、认真对待课外作业的批改 Grade four, seriously homework有些老师错误地认为，课外作业学校不检查，所以批改就比较马虎、草率。其实，课外作业中也体现学习者的书写习惯，语言风格，观念想法，价值判断以及种种情绪，因此教
43、师的每一次作业批改，都应及时、认真。认真批改作业应该这样做：如作业要统一批改等第；正确使用各种批改符号；注明批改日期和作业订正的要求；加注激励性的批语和评语；书写认真、为学生起到示范作用。同时认真批改作业还意味着老师应该从学生的立场去思考，抓住学生的思想动态，介入学生的学习生活与心灵世界，在传授知识与解答疑难困惑的同时，教育他们热爱生活，激励他们勤奋学习，为他们提出合理建议，分享他们的成功快乐等，在潜移默化中使学生的各个方面都能得到全面提高。 Some teachers mistakenly believe that school, homework do not check, so the
44、correction is sloppy, sloppy. In fact, also reflected the learner s writing habits, homework in language style, concept, value judgment and emotion, so the teacher every homework correction, should be timely, carefully. Carefully correcting homework should be done: such as homework to unify the corr
45、ect grade; the proper use of various correction symbols; indicate the correct date and homework correction requirements; filling the incentive of notes and comments; writing seriously, for students to play a role model. At the same time correcting homework seriously also means that teachers should c
46、onsider from the students position, grasp the students thoughts, involved in students learning life and spiritual world, imparting knowledge and solve problems at the same time, the education they love life, encourage them to study hard, put forward reasonable suggestions for them to share their suc
47、cess, happiness, can improve the influence character by environment in various aspects of the students.如有一次，我翻开一本家庭作业本，一位学生在作业后面写上了这样的一段话：“魏老师，您昨天对我说的话我一定会牢记，您放心吧，我一定改正缺点，看我的表现吧！”我一想：哦，原来这位男生昨天我找他谈心，因为他最近上课老走神，我询问了原因并教育了他。没想到他还真听进去了。我马上在后面写上：老师相信你一定会说到做到！作业发下去，我发现这个孩子两眼放光，脸上非常兴奋。因为平时的课堂作业是不允许学生在上面随心
48、所欲地写，所以，很多时候课外作业本就成了学生和我的“对话本”。有的学生向我倾诉烦恼，有的请教问题，有的学生还出题目考我。有些脑筋急转弯还真把我难倒了，我只好向办公室的老师请教，请教还不会的，只好上网查找，如果还查不到的话，我只好老老实实承认：对不起！这道题请赐教！这下那个学生可得意了，下次的作业中除了上一题的答案，又多了一题，这一题变成了选择题，降低了难度，真有意思。当然，作业中更多的是学生送上的一句句轻轻地问候、温馨的祝福。我嗓子哑了，学生马上在本子上提醒：注意保护身体，身体可是革命的本钱。我除了表示我的感谢，我也会用极为平常的一句赞语，点燃孩子自尊自信的热情,鼓励孩子们把字写工整，努力学习
49、等。我们老师不要吝啬表扬，不要把表扬看成是给学生的多大的赏赐，而是要真诚地送去一份赞许。也许您的一句赞语，可以让学生欣喜很多天，甚至回味很多年！ If there is time, I open a homework book, a student at the homework write such a words: Miss Wei, I will remember you said to me yesterday, you can rest assured, I will correct the shortcomings, I look at the performance! I think: Oh, the boy find I talk to him yesterday, because he has the old school distracted, I asked why he and e
