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1、The Attributive clause 1定语从句,定语从句四步,先找先行词找定语从句先行词在定语从句中的语法功能选择关系词,定语从句的定义：,在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，定语从句相当形容词的作用在句中作定语。被修饰的词叫做先行词，连接先行词和从句的叫关系词.,The girl who is brave and clever is Mary.,主句,定语从句,先行词,关系词,e.g.The girl is Mary.Mary is brave and clever.,He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.,定语从
2、句,先行词,引导词,引导词,关系代词:,关系副词：,who,whom,that,which,whose,wherewhenwhy,引导定语从句在从句中作一成分代替现行词在从句中的位置,引导词,The woman _ is a teacher.,Example:1.a)The woman is a teacher.b)The woman lives next door.,Join the two sentences,using the attributive clause.,who/that lives next door,The woman _ lives next door.,who/tha
3、t is a teacher,2.a)The nurse is kind.b)The nurse looks after my sister.3.a)We watched the play“Teahouse”.b)The play was written by Lao She.,The nurse who/that looks after my sister is kind.,We watched the play“Teahouse”which/taht was written by Lao She.,The use of the relative pronoun(关系代词),1,that指人
4、或物，在从句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。,Theyre talking about the film(that)Ive seen.,I showed him the letter(which)I received this morning.,e.g.2.Im not interested in the book which has just been published.,e.g.1,2，which 指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。,The apple is mine.,The apple is mine.,The apple is yours.,The apple is s
5、mall.,The apple is big.,?,which is red,which is green,which is red,which is green,3，Who指人，在从句中做主语或宾语（口语），做宾语时可省略,The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.,The man is a police man.He is shaking hands with my father.,4，Whom 指人，在句子中做宾语，不能做主语，常可省略。,The man(whom)you met just now is my f
6、ather.The woman(whom)she is talking with is my sister.,5,whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语。先行词与连接词后面的名词n存在所属关系时（的）,物：whose+n.=of which+the+n.=the+n.+of which人：whose+n.=of whom+the+n.=the+n.+of whom,The room,of which the window faces south is mine.The girl whose father had given us a report got first.,That is the n
7、ew machine.The parts of it are too small to see.,Thats the machine whose parts are too small to see.,1.The student _father works in the factory is sitting there.2.I like the rooms _windows face south.3.This is the desk _legs were broken.,whose,whose,whose,Have a try,指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who
8、 came to our school is Mr.Wang.2.The girl(whom)I met is Lucy.3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.4.I like the book(which)you bought yesterday.5.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor.6.We shall never forget the days(that)we spent together.,主语,宾语,定语,宾语,定语,宾语,例 1.The
9、 man _ gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.,that/who,指人:that/who(主语),例2:The boy_ the nurse is looking after is my friend.,(who/whom/that),指人:who/whom/that(宾语,可省略),例4:The question_ I dont understand is about grammar.,(that/which),指物:that/which(宾语,可省略),例3:The car_ is red was damaged yesterday.,
10、that/which,指物:that/which(主语),例5.Yesterday she talked with one woman _ husband died in that accident.A.which B.whose C.of which D.that,B,关系代词表示先行词的所属关系，指人和物时都用whose,可理解为“的”,Which baby is Jack?,穿红裤子的baby是Jack。,The baby is Jack.,whose trousers are red,Jack,that和which在指物的情况下一般可以互换,但下列情况一般用that,不用which。前
11、五种,All that can be done has been done.,Ive read all the books that are not mine.,This is the first book(that)he has read.,This is the very book that belongs to him.,(1)当先行词是all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词时或被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few,only等修饰时.,(2)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时
12、。,(3)先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰,(5)主句以there be 引导时。There are more than 400,000 people _ died or were injured in the earthquake.（6）先行词是to be后面的表语或关系代词本身在从句作表语.China isnt the country that she used to be 50 years ago.,(4)先行词既有人又有物,用that,We were deeply impressed by the teachersand the sch
13、ools that we had visited there.,(7)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop？,1.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.A.which B that C this D.it,只用which的情况:1,逗号后面 2,介词后面 3.句中出现了that，或先行词是that时 I have found that which I was looking for.,2.The day
14、 _ he was born was Aug.20,1952.A.on which B that C which D.this,必须用who，不用that：,1.先行词为those,one,ones,anyone,people，he/she/I/they等时;Those who are from Beijing come this way.,二、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词whom/which”1、介词选择考虑的因素【A B C】：A.与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2)I will never fo
15、rget the days _ I worked in the school.3)I will never forget the year _ my son went to college.,on which,during which,in which,B.与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book _ I paid 29 US dollars?2)Have you found the book _ I spent 29 US dollars?3)Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4)Have you found t
16、he book _ she often talks?,for which,on which,from which,about which,c.句子表达的意思 By nine oclock,all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma,above which appeared a rare rainbow soon.d.在非限制性定语从句中，名词代词数词+of+whichwhom表示整体与部分的关系The workers,some of whom stayed for four years,came f
17、rom different countries.,.There are three libraries in our school,_ were built five years ago.A、all of them B、all of which,e.介词一般放在关系代词前，也可放在从句中原来的位置上。We did it in the same way in which he didwhich he did in.The gentleman to whom he sent a letter was a funny actor.OR The gentleman whom he sent a let
18、ter to was a funny actor.,注意：1）不可拆开的介词短语如：look for,look after,take care of,look forward to 等。,This is the watch(which/that)I am looking for.The babies(whom/who/that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.,1.Hes the man _ I learnt the news.2.Whos the person _ you just shookhands.3.I know a lady
19、the husband _ is a Nobel Prize winner.4.This is the way _ she studies English.5.The old man always wears his glasses _ _ he cant see anything.6.The key_ she was opening the door broke.7.No one know the reason _ she is leaving so early.,from whom,with whom,of whom,in which,without,which,with which,fo
20、r which,三、关系副词引导的定语从句,1.先行词指时间，且在定语从句中作时间状语时用when或介词+关系代词引导:,I still remember the day when I first came to this school.,The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.,October 1,1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.,Do you remember the year
21、s when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.,2.先行词指地点，且在定语从句中作地点状语时用where或介词+关系代词引导:,Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.=Ill never the day I first came to Beijing.,I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised.,我们住的房子是不大的。,The house where we live is not large.The
22、 house that we live in is not large.The house we live in is not large.The house in which we live is not large.The house which we live in is not large.,Is this factory some French friends visited last year?A.which B.what C.the one D.where,Is this the factory some French friends visited last year?A.wh
23、ich B.what C.the one D.where,3.先行词指原因，且在定语从句中作原因状语时用why或介词+关系代词引导:,Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.,I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.,注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。,That is the reason why I told the lie.,That is the reason for which I told the lie.,as与whi
24、ch引导的非限定性定语从句,1.相同点：A.都可指整个主句 B.都可在从句中作主，宾,表语。2.不同：A.as 引导的可位于句首,句末；which 不能放句首 B.as：正如；就像 常连用know,see,expect,announce,point out 等 which：这一点/这个/这件事 C.as 后如果是is/was+过去分词，be可省 which不可省 D.as is well known as is the often case as we all know as is known to all as reported,as 引导限定性的作关系代词,常构成 suchas;the s
25、ame as;so/asasThis is the same watch as I lost yesterday.同一类.that 同一个This was so difficult a problem as we couldnt work out.（后面句子不完整）This was so difficult a problem that we couldnt work it out.（后面句子完整）,定语从句中主谓一致问题人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。1.She is not one of the girls _ well in class.A.who sings B.who sing
26、 2.She is not the only one of the girls _ well in class.A.who sings B.who sing,way 和time做先行词,way的意思为“方式，方法”作方式状语引导词有三种 in which that 不填time“次数”用that(可省)；“时间”用 when,或介词at/during+which,they worked out the problem.,I dont understand the way,定语从句与强调结构。试比较：It is the house _I met the young man.It was in t
27、he house _I met the young man.,where,(where 引导定语从句，修饰house，where在定语从句中作地点状语),that,(本句为强调结构，可还原为I met the young man in the house.),1._ has been said above,grammar is a set of dead rules.A.Which B.What C.That D.As2.We do the same work _ they do.A.which B.as C.than D.like,Exercises:,1.All _ is useful t
28、o us is good.A.which B.what C.that D.whether2.She will never forget the days _ she spent in Beijing.A.when B.what C.which D.why3.The man _ you are talking is in the next room.A.to whom B.about whom C.who D.whom,4.This is the school _ my father worked thirty years ago.A.that B.when C.which D.where5.T
29、he text is one of the most interesting stories _ learned in the past three years.A.that have B.that have been C.which has D.which has been6.The college wont take on anyone _ eyesight is weak.A.who B.whose C.of whom D.which,7.Here is the bicycle _ in the shop.A.that you saw it B.that saw it C.you saw
30、 D.you saw it8.Those _ to take part in the game write down your names,please.A.who B.who want C.that wants D want9.I,_ your good friend,will try my best to help you out.A.who is B.what is C.what am D.who am,10.His walking-stick,_ he cant walk,was lost yesterday.A.that B.with which C.which D.without
31、which11.There are three libraries in our school,_ were built five years ago.A.all of them B.either of them C.all of which D.both of that12.The reason _ he cant come is that he has to work late.A.because B.that C.why D.for,13.The family _ I stayed with in New York are coming to Beijing.A.which B.whom
32、 C.what D.whose14.This is the only thing _ I can do now.A.what B.which C.that D.all15.I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.A.by that B.what C.by which D./,带定语从句的谚语：1.God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助之。2.He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。3.He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。,
