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1、【标题】论兴趣法在儿童英语教学中的应用 【作者】江 红 娟 【关键词】幼儿；英语；兴趣教学法；传统教育 【指导老师】沈 黎 【专业】英语 【正文】I. IntroductionAs we know that English is one of the worlds most widely used languages. People use a language in one of three ways: as a native language, as a second language, or as a foreign language. English is spoken as a na
2、tive language by over three hundred million people in the United States, Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, some Caribbean countries and South Africa. As the second language, English is often necessary for official business, education, information and other activities in many countries. It is
3、one of the few“working” languages of the United Nations. It has been said that 60 percent of the worlds radio broad casts and 70 percent of the worlds mail use English. At international sports meets, and international of scientists English is the language most commonly used and the most widely used.
4、 English has in fact become the language of international cooperation in science and technology. The most advanced results in space, nuclear and computer research are published in it. A scientist who speaks and writes English is in closer touch with the scientists in other countries than one who doe
5、snt.In order to adapt to the development of society, the English education for children has gradually developed into an important subject. As the international language, English has received more and more concern from the parents. As the fundamental stone of enlighten education, the children English
6、 education has become the hot spot of the society. Nowadays, with the development of social economy, the parents increasingly pay attention to the importance of dual-language education, which has become their urgent demand. Practice has proved that: let children exposure to English in the period of
7、language development. While it is greatly benefited for the childs language development to apply English and Chinese to express own meaning.However, in the present English teaching among young children, because most teachers have not been trained in English teaching methods. There is no adequate con
8、cepts about English teaching method. The lesson from the past does not consider the childs physical, psychological characteristics and timing demand, so that a lot of children prematurely lost their enthusiasm for English. Whats more, the defects of duck-feeding method have been exposed gradually. T
9、hus, the Chinese government is trying to carry out the educational reform. Admittedly, traditional teaching does much harm to students in certain degree. In details, students in China do outperform American students in rudimentary knowledge, but they find it hard to work out creative ideas. Therefor
10、e, a new teaching method- Interest Teaching Method comes into being. What is more,“Invigorating our nation through science and education” is a slogan that has spread every corner in China. Being aware of the importance of education, a large number of scholars have devoted their time and energy to th
11、e course of the education. However, as the saying goes:“There is no royal road to learning.” So is education. Education is not a course that can be easily achieved. It is always full of challenges. Firstly, the entrance is the key, Marx once said: interest is the best teacher. Therefore it is very i
12、mportant to stimulate the childrens interests for learning English.II. The Disadvantages of the Traditional English Teaching MethodA. Teacher-centeredTraditional teaching is a teacher- centered system. The teacher models the target language, controls the direction and pace of learning, monitors and
13、corrects the learners performances(Richards and Rodgers 1986:56).1 The school operates strictly on a hierarchy: one principal，several senior teachers, and a large number of regular teachers. The teachers make most of the key decisions. The regular teachers do most of the teaching and more or less ha
14、ve to do whatever they are asked to do. Teaching schedules are issued, but there is little monitoring of what teachers actually teach or how they teach it. The students, too, have very little choice over the course they study. They are streamed into science or arts sections, based on teachers predic
15、tions of student ability and exam results(Richards 2001). 2 So the teacher is the transmitter of knowledge, the controller of students.B. Examination-orientedThe examinations are always set by the teachers. There are strong expectations on the part of the students. Passing the exam in order to be ab
16、le to attend colleges and universities is the most important consideration for the students while learning English. The teachers concentrate their attentions on the proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade and getting the students to pass the examinations, because only the students
17、who pass the exam have the chance to go to colleges and have good future. This means that the teachers are limited to teach from uninteresting book and practice tests that the students dont enjoy.C. Lack of InterestUnder the traditional English Teaching Method, both the teachers and children lose th
18、eir interest in English. Because the traditional English Method often pay close attention to the grammar and vocabulary. Grammar usually is very boring. The teachers just teach the children the words repeatedly. Children often accept the knowledge passively. However the children in this age period a
19、lways like the interesting things. If the class is full of interest, the children will learn quickly and happily. So the traditional English teaching Method is not suitable for psychological development of children.III. The Significances of Interest-Oriented Teaching MethodIn the early 19th century,
20、 Ushinski, a Russian educator and psychologist, claimed that: we should not only determine teaching methods according to the childrens age, the positive of mental activities, the awareness and the persistent of mastering knowledge, but also pay full attention to the childrens interests. Interest is
21、a conscious trend of exploring some things or engaging in the activities.3 This tendency is associated with certain degree of emotional experience. Interest is a subjective sense activity occurring and developing in the practice, and a kind of spiritual strength to promote people to seek knowledge,
22、to engage in a certain activity and to pursuit truth. Interest is driven by individual internal needs and is a positive state of mind. When the individual has certain demand of some things, the body inner is to be in the state of driving, followed by an acting force, which is inner driving force. In
23、 the process of achieving their goals, the internal driving forces constantly weaken, while the act leading to objectives continuously strengthen. For example, thirst is an inner driving force which causes the driving force of demanding drink. Interest Teaching Method refers to how to make students
24、produce strong demand for English; stimulate their interest, resulting in a huge inner driving force. 4 The purpose of interest teaching method is to arouse the enthusiasm of students. It includes teaching measures and guiding measures to student thinking. Therefore, Interest-oriented Teaching Metho
25、d is a method to regard intuitive teaching as the start point. And it considers interest as a teaching means and motivation, cultivates childrens interests for learning English and gives full play of subjective initiative to be proactive in the learning process.The Interest Teaching Method confirms
26、to teaching methods of psychology, physiology and pedagogical principles. It has broad applicability and obvious superiority. Since reform and opening up, the English teaching practice also proved its necessity.5A. Following the Childrens Physical DevelopmentAccording to the physiologist studies hav
27、e shown that: 4- 6-year-old is the critical period of learning the language.6 The character of age decides that the teaching method should be interesting. The pupilsage character is that they like talking and playing, sometimes they cant control and restrict themselves well. If we cant consider it,
28、just use the boring teaching method to explain something, such as grammar and vocabulary, they are certain to have no interest, even break the class discipline childishly, then the pupils will lose their hearts gradually, let alone studying English actively and spontaneously. Therefore, there must b
29、e a process in which the pupils should be attracted firstly, then they can join in, otherwise the effect will be half done. Children learn mother language not only to participate in the psychological needs of social activities, but also it is the internal needs from the brain physiological function
30、development. However, once entering puberty, the development of brain function is to rely on the complication of neural network structure to maintain. At this time, learning a second language will no longer be the development of human physiological needs, but psychological needs of the individual. W
31、hether a outside signal can effectively import, on the one hand, it depends on the decoding structure of brain network; on the other hand, the subjective awareness of human. This effect is through the nerve- humeral two-way regulating, which control the level of brain arousal to achieve. From this w
32、e can see: peoples subjective initiative has great influence on exploring the outside things, and even affects the decoding functions application from the persons physiological mechanism. From this point of view, teachers should fully mobilize the peoples subjective initiative to stimulate student i
33、nterest in learning English, which is a central subject of necessary study in teaching methods.B. Following Childrens Psychological Development Smith, P. M. Bolton had pointed out:From the vivid intuitive to abstract thinking and abstract thinking by the practice, which is the dialectical way to be
34、aware of the truth and understand the objective reality. The learning is the organic unity of the“feeling-thinking- creating” cognitive process and the“emotion- interest- will” intentional activities.7Jeve, Brophy find out in the second language studies: the successful learners are those people who
35、has both genius and great learning motivation. 8 To the learners,(especially young learners) nothing will make them produce motivation and desire for learning except something they are interested in. So the teacher should choose teaching content and arrange teaching activity according to the pupilsi
36、nterest. Some pupils feel difficult at the beginning of studying English, so they have no interest to learn it. But when they realize there are lots of interest and pleasure in English, they will produce the interest and start to learn English spontaneously. However, the interest is not fixed. The k
37、ey point is to set up the confidence and goals of learning English. In this way, the interest can be persisted.The Vivid, visual teaching method is the only way for students to understand the process. Interest teaching method is seizing the context of“intuitive- abstract- practice” in the cognitive
38、process and create an atmosphere to elicit teaching content by other visual means of teaching aids, simple stroke, slide show, film, video. And then use simple language to impart the knowledge to realize the rise from intuitive to abstract.9 This is in line with precognitive law.IV. The Ways to Appl
39、y the Interest-Oriented Teaching MethodTeaching has methods, but the ways are not fixed. Whether the teaching methods are good or bad has great relationship with the childrens learning interest. Foreign Language Teaching is a strong practical teaching. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a flexible
40、and diverse ways to organize students to carry through a wide range of language practice activities. In view of psychological characteristics of childrens liking speaking and moving, striving for win, liking imitating, less shy sense, we can carry out the various forms of consolidation activities so
41、 that childrens cerebral cortex to are always under the exciting condition to extend and consolidate their strong interest in learning.Take the positive significance of the Interest Teaching Method in teaching young children to learn English into account. According to the actual situation that we ca
42、n properly motivate the interest, from the environment, equipment, child care combined with the psychological reality to find the living environment appropriate way.A. Taking the Advantages of the EnvironmentIn the daily life, we teach children to learn English, which is improved by the use of const
43、antly listening, speaking, imitation, especially childrens foreign language learning. In the absence of a continuous, often language environmental stimuli, the learned things quickly will be forgotten. Because the children have no ability to identify, to speak. And kindergartens for English educatio
44、n occupies a unique advantage, child from as early as 7:00 for admission to the evening from 7:00 for leaving, all 12 hours of life in the garden, the teachers and child learning together, playing games, living, can make early childhood get the subtle influence in nature to grasp English by repeated
45、ly speaking. And the environment is very important. Good environment can stimulate children to learning the English. The Wall Layout is a kind of good resources. Such as: when children come to kindergarten in the morning, teachers use English to greet students Good morning. Children learn to listen
46、for a few days. and they will be able to imitate Good morning teacher. Every time for washing hand, teachers require in English: Please Wash your hands（请你洗手）. During meal-time, teachers introduce the meal, telling young children米饭(rice)馒头(steamed bread),鸡蛋(egg),西红柿(tomato) and other names, such as d
47、rinking water, please, please take glass, please put up toys. Children do not have any intention to learn but listen for quite a few times every day. In this way, children are so familiar with these in everyday life.They can remember and learn to use the English easily.1. Designing colorful Wall Lay
48、outWall layout is the largest-size kindergarten environment, the most eye-catching scene. as if it were Large pieces of advertisement, which are concentrated the content and purpose of education and give children direct stimulation and subtle influence. So we can write the corresponding English sent
49、ence, in accordance with different pictures in different places as indoors, corridors, bathrooms and other places. For example, children go for a walk in the corridor after a meal, we draw several small footprints, write Go for a walk or take a walk（散步）；on the corner of a book drawn on a mouth with a index finger reading Please be quiet（请安静）; on the pool of washing hand drawn little friends for washing hand and small water droplets written Please wash your hands（请你洗手）and
