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1、土木工程外文翻译建筑施工混凝土裂缝的预防与处理 翻译原文 Building construction concrete crack of prevention and processing Abstract The crack problem of concrete is a widespread existence but again difficult in solve of engineering actual problem this text carried on a study analysis to a little bit familiar crack problem in t
2、he concrete engineering and aim at concrete the circumstance put forward some prevention processing measure Keyword Concrete crack prevention processing Foreword Concretes ising 1 kind is anticipate by the freestone bone cement water and other mixture but formation of the in addition material of qua
3、lity brittleness not and all materialBecause the concrete construction transform with oneself control etc a series problem harden model of in the concrete existence numerous tiny hole spirit cave and tiny crack is exactly because these beginning start blemish of existence just make the concrete pres
4、ent one some not and all the characteristic of qualityThe tiny crack is a kind of harmless crack and accept concrete heavy defend Shen and a little bit other use function not a creation to endangerBut after the concrete be subjected to lotus carry difference in temperature etc function tiny crack wo
5、uld continuously of expand with connect end formation we can see without the aid of instruments of macro view the crack be also the crack that the concrete often say in the engineering Concrete building and Gou piece usually all take sewer to make of because of crack of existence and development usu
6、ally make inner part of reinforcing bar etc material creation decay lower reinforced concrete material of loading ability durable and anti- Shen ability influence building of external appearance service life severity will threat arrive peoples life and property safetyA lot of all of crash of enginee
7、rings is because of the unsteady development of the crack with the result thatModern age science research with a great deal of of the concrete engineering practice certificate in the concrete engineering crack problem is ineluctable also acceptable in certainly of the scope just need to adopt valid
8、of measure will it endanger degree control at certain of scope insideThe reinforced concrete norm is also explicit provisionSome structure at place of dissimilarity under the condition allow existence certain the crack of widthBut at under construction should as far as possible adopt a valid measure
9、 control crack creation make the structure dont appear crack possibly or as far as possible decrease crack of amount and width particularly want to as far as possible avoid harmful crack of emergence insure engineering quality thus Concrete crack creation of the reason be a lot of and have already t
10、ransformed to cause of crack Such as temperature variety constringency inflation the asymmetry sink to sink etc reason cause of crackHave outside carry the crack that the function causeProtected environment not appropriate the crack etc caused with chemical effectWant differentiation to treat in the
11、 actual engineering work皂ut a problem according to the actual circumstance In the concrete engineering the familiar crack and the prevention 1Stem Suo crack and prevention Stem the Suo crack much appear after the concrete protect be over of a period of time or concrete sprinkle to build to complete
12、behind of around a weekIn the cement syrup humidity of evaporate would creation stem Suo and this kind of constringency is cant negativeStem Suo crack of the creation be main is because of concrete inside outside humidity evaporate degree dissimilarity but cause to transform dissimilarity of resultT
13、he concrete is subjected to exterior condition of influence surface humidity loss lead quick transform bigger inner part degree of humidity variety smaller transform smaller bigger surface stem the Suo transform to be subjected to concrete inner part control creation more big pull should dint but cr
14、eation crackThe relative humidity is more low cement syrup body stem Suo more big stem the Suo crack be more easy creationStem the Suo crack is much surface parallel lines form or the net shallow thin crack width many between 005-02 mm the flat surface part much see in the big physical volume concre
15、te and follow it more in thinner beam plank short to distributeStem Suo crack usually the anti- Shen of influence concrete cause the durable of the rust eclipse influence concrete of reinforcing bar under the function of the water pressure dint would creation the water power split crack influence co
16、ncrete of loading dint etcConcrete stem the Suo be main with water ash of the concrete ratio the dosage of the composition cement of cement gather to anticipate of the dosage of the property and dosage in addition etc relevant Main prevention measureWhile being to choose to use the constringency qua
17、ntity smaller cement general low hot water mire and powder ash from stove cement in the adoption lower the dosage of cementTwo is a concrete of stem the Suo be subjected to water ash ratio of influence more big water ash ratio more big stem Suo more big so in the concrete match the ratio the design
18、should as far as possible control good water ash ratio of choose to use the Chan add in the meantime accommodation of reduce waterThree is strict control concrete mix blend with under construction of match ratio use of concrete water quantity absolute cant big in match ratio design give settle of us
19、e water quantityFour is the earlier period which strengthen concrete to protect and appropriate extension protect of concrete timeWinter construction want to be appropriate extension concrete heat preservation to overlay time and Tu2 Shua protect to protectFive is a constitution the accommodation is
20、 in the concrete structure of the constringency sew 2The Su constringency crack and prevention Su constringency is the concrete is before condense surface because of lose water quicker but creation of constringencyThe Su constringency crack is general at dry heat or strong wind the weather appear cr
21、acks much presenting in the center breadth both ends be in the centerthin and the length be different with each other not coherent appearanceShorter crack general long 20-30 cm the longer crack can reach to a 2-3 m breadth 1-5 mmIt creation of main reason isThe concrete is eventually almost having n
22、o strength or strength before the Ning very small perhaps concrete just eventually Ning but strength very hour be subjected to heat or compare strong wind dint of influence the concrete surface lose water to lead quick result in in the capillary creation bigger negative press but make a concrete phy
23、sical volume sharply constringency but at this time the strength of concrete again cant resist its constringency therefore creation crackedThe influence concrete Su constringency open the main factor of crack to have water ash ratio concrete of condense time environment temperature wind velocity rel
24、ative humidityetc Main prevention measureOne is choose to use stem the Suo value smaller higher Huo sour salt of the earlier period strength or common the Huo sour brine mireTwo is strict the control water ash ratio the Chan add to efficiently reduce water to increment the collapse of concrete fall
25、a degree and with easy decrease cement and water of dosageThree is to sprinkle before building concrete water basic level and template even to soak throughFour is in time to overlay the perhaps damp grass mat of the plastics thin film hemp slice etc keep concrete eventually before the Ning surface i
26、s moist perhaps spray to protect etc to carry on protect in the concrete surfaceFive is in the heat and strong wind the weather to want to establish to hide sun and block breeze facilities protect in time 3Sink to sink crack and prevention The creation which sink to sink crack is because of the stru
27、cture foundation soil quality not and evenly loose soft or return to fill soil dishonest or soak in water but result in the asymmetry sink to decline with the result thatPerhaps because of template just degree shortage the template propped up to once be apart from big or prop up bottom loose move et
28、c to cause especially at winter the template prop up at jelly soil up jelly the soil turn jelly empress creation asymmetry to sink to decline and cause concrete structure creation crackThis kind crack many is deep enter or pierce through sex crack it alignment have something to do with sinking to si
29、nk a circumstance general follow with ground perpendicular or present 30 皊-45 Cape direction development bigg er sink to sink crack usually have certain of wrong crack width usually with sink to decline quantity direct proportion relationCrack width under the influence of temperature variety smaller
30、The foundation after transform stability sink to sink crack also basic tend in stability Main prevention measureOne is rightness loose soft soil return to fill soil foundation a construction at the upper part structure front should carry on necessity of Hang solid with reinforceTwo is the strength t
31、hat assurance template is enough and just degree and prop up firm and make the foundation be subjected to dint evenThree is keep concrete from sprinkle infusing the foundation in the process is soak by waterFour is time that template tore down to cant be too early and want to notice to dismantle a m
32、old order of sequenceFive is at jelly soil top take to establish template to notice to adopt certain of prevention measure 4Temperature crack and prevention Temperature crack much the occurrence is in big surface or difference in temperature variety of the physical volume concrete compare the earth
33、area of the concrete structureConcrete after sprinkling to build in the hardening the process cement water turn a creation a great deal of of water turn hot be the cement dosage is in the 350-550 kgm 3 each sign square the rice concrete will release a calories of 17500-27500 kJ and make concrete int
34、ernal thus the temperature rise to reach to 70 or so even higher Because the physical volume of concrete be more big a great deal of water turn hot accumulate at the concrete inner part but not easy send forth cause inner part the temperature hoick but the concrete surface spread hot more quick so f
35、ormation inside outside of bigger difference in temperature the bigger difference in temperature result in inner part and exterior hot the degree of the bulge cold Suo dissimilarity make concrete surface creation certain of pull should dintWhen pull should dint exceed the anti- of concrete pull stre
36、ngth extreme limit concrete surface meeting creation crack this kind of crack much occurrence after the concrete under construction periodIn the concrete of under construction be difference in temperature variety more big perhaps is a concrete to be subjected to assault of cold wave etc will cause c
37、oncrete surface the temperature sharply descend but creation constringency surface constringency of the concrete be subjected to inner part concrete of control creation very big of pull should dint but creation crack this kind of crack usually just in more shallow scope of the concrete surface creat
38、ion The alignment of the temperature crack usually none settle regulation big area structure the crack often maneuver interleaveThe size bigger structure of the beam plank length the crack run parallel with short side moreThorough with pierce through sex of temperature crack general and short side d
39、irection parallelism or close parallelism crack along long side cent the segment appear in the center more airtightCrack width the size be different be subjected to temperature variety influence more obviouswinter compare breadthsummer more narrowThe concrete temperature crack that the heat inflatio
40、n cause is usually in the center the thick both ends be thin but cold Suo crack of thick thin variety not too obviousThe emergence of the this kind crack will cause the rust eclipse of reinforcing bar the carbonization of concrete the anti- jelly which lower concrete melt anti- tired and anti- Shen
41、ability etc Main prevention measureOne is as far as possible choose to use low hot or medium hot water mire like mineral residue cement powder ash from stove cementetcTwo is a decrease cement dosage cement dosage as far as possible the control is in the 450 kgm 3 followingThree is to lower water ash
42、 ratio water ash of the general concrete ratio control below com is improvement the bone anticipate class to go together with the Chan add powder ash from stove or efficiently reduce water etc to come to reduce cement dosage and lower water to turn hotFive is an improvement concrete of mix blend to
43、process a craft lower sprinkle of concrete to build temperatureSix is the in addition that the Chan add a have of fixed amount to reduce water and increase Su slow Ning etc function in the concrete improvement the concrete mix to match a thing of mobility protect water lower water to turn hot postpo
44、ne hot Feng of emergence timeSeven is the heat season sprinkle to build can the adoption take to establish to hide sun plank etc assistance measure control concrete of Wen Sheng lower to sprinkle temperature of build the concreteEight is the temperature of big physical volume concrete should the din
45、t relate to structure size concrete structure size more big temperature should dint more big so want reasonable arrangement construction work preface layering cent the piece sprinkle to build for the convenience of in spread hot let up controlNine is at great inner part constitution of the physical
46、volume concrete cool off piping cold water perhaps cold air cool off let up concrete of inside outside difference in temperatureTen is the supervision which strengthen concrete temperature adopt to cool off in time protection measure11 is to reserve temperature constringency to sew12 is to let up to
47、 control sprinkle proper before building concrete in the Ji rock and old concrete top build a 5 mm or so sand mat a layer or usage asphalt etc material Tu2 Shua13 is to strengthen concrete to protect the concrete after sprinkle build use moist grass Lian in time hemp slices etc overlay and attention
48、 sprinkle water to protect appropriate extension protect time assurance the concrete surface be slow-moving cool offAt the cold season concrete surface should constitution heat preservation measure in order to prevent cold wave assault14 is the allocation be a little amount in the concrete of reinfo
49、rcing bar perhaps add fiber material concrete of temperature crack control at certain of scope inside 5Crack and prevention that the chemical reaction cause Alkali bones anticipating the crack that reaction crack and reinforcing bar rust eclipse cause is the most familiar in the reinforced concrete structure of because of chemical reaction but cause of crack The concrete blend a future reunion creation some alkalescence ion these ion with some activity the bon
