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1、Unit 2:Text A,21st Century College English:Book 1,Conversational Ballgames,Unit Two:Text A,Lead-in Activities Text Organization Reading&Writing Skills Language Points Guided Practice Assignment,Lead-in Activities,Questions for discussion,Do you notice any difference between the way the Chinese talk
2、to each other(in either Chinese or English)and the way the Westerners talk to each other?What are the differences regarding gestures,intonation,facial expressions,body language,and so on.,The structure of Text A,I.Introduction of the topic,II.A comparison,III.How the two different styles influence c
3、onversation,IV.Conclusion,Para.1-3,Para.4-9,Para.10-11,Para.12,Text Organization,I.Introduction of the topic,Text Organization,II.A comparison,Text Organization,III.How the two different styles influence conversation,Text Organization,IV.Conclusion,Text Organization,Reading&Writing Skills,This is an
4、 expository writing that is composed of introductory paragraphs,body paragraphs and conclusion.It is developed by comparison and contrast.Through comparison and contrast,the readers could know the two different things.There are two approaches to compare and contrast-one is to interpret all the chara
5、cters of A,then all of B;the other is to explain one feature of both A and B,then another feature of A and B.The author here adopted the first way to comparise and contrast.,Reading&Writing Skills,Skill learning in readingA good reader can always recognize the main idea.Please ask yourself:why was t
6、his written and what is the main point the author wants to present to you.Recognize the main points by paying attention to the title and subheading,the first paragraph and the first sentence in each paragraph ignoring those unfamiliar words.Please see woods not trees.,Intensive Study,Conversational
7、Ballgames by Nancy Mansterson Sakamoto 1After I was married and had lived in Japan for a while,my Japanese gradually improved to the point where I could take part in simple conversations with my husband,his friends,and family.And I began to notice that often,when I joined in,the others would look st
8、artled,and the conversation would come to a halt.After this happened several times,it became clear to me that I was doing something wrong.But for a long time,I didnt know what it was.,Intensive Study,2Finally,after listening carefully to many Japanese conversations,I discovered what my problem was.E
9、ven though I was speaking Japanese,I was handling the conversation in a Western way.3Japanese-style conversations develop quite differently from western-style conversations.And the difference isnt only in the languages.I realized that just as I kept trying to hold western-style conversations even wh
10、en I was speaking Japanese,so were my English students trying to hold Japanese style conversations even when they were speaking English.We were unconsciously playing entirely different conversational ballgames.,Intensive Study,4A western-style conversation between two people is like a game of tennis
11、.If I introduce a topic,a conversational ball,I expect you to hit it back.If you agree with me,I dont expect you simply to agree and do nothing more.I expect you to add something a reason for agreeing,another example,or a remark to carry the idea further.But I dont expect you always to agree.I am ju
12、st as happy if you question me,or challenge me,or completely disagree with me.Whether you agree or disagree,your response will return the ball to me.,Intensive Study,5And then it is my turn again.I dont serve a new ball from my original starting line.I hit your ball back again from where it has boun
13、ced.I carry your idea further,or answer your questions or objections,or challenge or question you.And so the ball goes back and forth.6If there are more than two people in the conversation,then it is like doubles in tennis or like volleyball.Theres no waiting in line.Whoever is nearest and quickest
14、hits the ball,and if you step back,someone else will hit it.No one stops the game to give you a turn.Youre responsible for taking your own turnand no one person has the ball for very long.,Intensive Study,7A Japanese style conversation,however,is not at all like tennis or volleyball,its like bowling
15、.You wait for your turn,and you always know your place in line.It depends on such things as whether you are older or younger,a close friend or a relative stranger to the previous speaker,in a senior or junior position,and so on.,Intensive Study,8The first thing is to wait for your turn,patiently and
16、 politely.When your moment comes,you step up to the starting line with your bowling ball,and carefully bowl it.Everyone else stands back,making sounds of polite encouragement.Everyone waits until your ball has reached the end of the lane,and watches to see if it knocks down all the pins,or only some
17、 of them,or none of them.Then there is a pause,while everyone registers your score.,Intensive Study,9Then,after everyone is sure that you are done,the next person in line steps up to the same starting line,with a different ball.He doesnt return your ball.There is no back and forth at all.And there i
18、s always a suitable pause between turns.There is no rush,no impatience.10No wonder everyone looked startled when I took part in Japanese conversations.I paid no attention to whose turn it was,and kept snatching the ball halfway down the lane and throwing it back at the bowler.Of course the conversat
19、ion fell apart,I was playing the wrong game.,Intensive Study,11This explains why it can be so difficult to get a western-style discussion going with Japanese students of English.Whenever I serve a volleyball,everyone just stands back and watches it fall.No one hits it back.Everyone waits until I cal
20、l on someone to take a turn.And when that person speaks,he doesnt hit my ball back.He serves a new ball.Again,everyone just watches it fall.So I call on someone else.This person does not refer to what the previous speaker has said.He also serves a new ball.Everyone begins again from the same startin
21、g line,and all the balls run parallel.There is never any back and forth.,Intensive Study,12Now that you know about the difference in the conversational ballgames,you may think that all your troubles are over.But if you have been trained all your life to play one game,it is no simple matter to switch
22、 to another,even if you know the rules.Tennis,after all,is different from bowling.,to the point whereuntil,to the extent that,up to the time when something develops or is achieved,Example:He exercised so hard to the point where he couldnt move.,Translate:我学日语学到可以流利地讲话的程度。,Key:I studied Japanese to t
23、he point where I became a fluent speaker.,Key words,phrases&usages,come to a halt stop moving;stop completely,Example:The car slowed down and came to a halt in front of the building.,Translate:The economic boom came to a sudden halt.,Key:经济繁荣期嘎然而止。,Key words,phrases&usages,challenge,1)call someone t
24、o compete against one,esp.in a fightExample:I challenged him to a game of tennis.,2)question the lawfulness or rightness of(someone or something),Example:The journalist challenged the justice of the new law.,Translate:I challenged him to a game of tennis.What the Mayor did was never challenged.,他向我挑
25、战，要我和他进行一场网球比赛。,没有人质疑过市长的所作所为。,Key words,phrases&usages,whoever no matter who,Example:Whoever comes here will receive a VIP welcome.,Cf.Whatever,however,wherever,whichever,etc.can be used as conjunctions in the same way as the expressions no matter what,no matter how,and so on.e.g.Please let us know
26、 no matter where you go.=Please let us know wherever you go.e.g.Life goes on no matter how upset you are.=However upset you are,life goes on.,More to learn,Grammar Focus,whoever no matter who,Drill:Rewrite the following two sentences.1.No matter which one you choose,youll be disappointed.2.No matter
27、 what reason you have,you should not cheat.,Whichever you choose,youll be disappointed,You should not cheat whatever reason you have.,More to learn,Grammar Focus,whoever no matter who,Drill:Complete the following sentences(P.41,Ex.VIII):(谁最胜任谁就)_ should get the job.(每当天气不好时)_,he takes whatever umbre
28、lla he can find.He makes a lot of friends(不管他到哪儿)_.She could not remember what she had dreamed of,(不管她怎样努力)_.,Whenever the weathers bad,wherever he goes,however hard she tried,Grammar Focus,Whoever is most qualified,be responsible for,1)have the duty of looking after someone or somethinge.g.The late
29、 president is responsible for widespread corruption.,2)be the cause ofe.g.Global warming was one of the many factors responsible for the worst flooding in decades.,Key words,phrases&usages,More to learn,be responsible for,Translate1.Coming of age means you are responsible for what you do.2.Who is re
30、sponsible for this mess?,成年意味着对自己的所作所为负责。,是谁搞得一团糟？,Key words,phrases&usages,take turns do something one by one in regular order,Fill in the blank:Hey,dont jump the queue!You should _(等着轮到你).,wait to take your turn,Example:The students take turns answering the teachers questions.,Key words,phrases&us
31、ages,previous happening,coming,or being earlier in time or order,Translate:The police asked the suspect where he had been the previous night.,Key:警察问嫌疑人前一天晚上去了哪里。,Key words,phrases&usages,knock down,1)strike a person or object to the grounde.g.He stepped aside to avoid being knocked down by a cyclis
32、t.,2)destroy or removee.g.The house in which the poet passed away was knocked down many years ago.,Key words,phrases&usages,More to learn,knock down,Translate:屋前的大树昨晚被风刮倒了。,Key:The big tree in front of the house was knocked down by the strong wind last night.,Key words,phrases&usages,no/little/small
33、 wonder used to express that something is fully anticipated,Drill:Complete the following sentences(P.42,Ex.IX)These people were greatly confused._.(they asked so many questions)2._ I didnt plug in the TV.(there is no picture on the screen),No wonder there is no picture on the screen,No wonder they a
34、sked so many questions.,Example:No wonder the Americans are not very good at football,for they prefer American football,in which they play with hands.,Key words,phrases&usages,halfway at the midpoint between two things,ExampleI was halfway up the stairs when I heard a knock at the door.,Translate:不要
35、中途放弃，你能成功的。,Key:Dont give up halfway.You can make it.,Key words,phrases&usages,call onappeal to,require or request(person to do things,etc.),ExampleThe Opposition called on the Prime Minister to handle the Middle East crisis by peaceful means.,Cf.call for:to demand,ask for;to collect(sb.or sth.)e.g.
36、The farmers called for larger government subsidies.,Cf.call off:to cause a planned event not to take place,to cancele.g.The football game was called off because of bad weather.,Cf.call in:to ask to come;to request the return ofe.g.Police have been called in to help find the missing boy.,Key words,ph
37、rases&usages,More to learn,call onappeal to,require or request(person to do things,etc.),Drill:Mother _ a doctor when I got a high fever.Tomorrows picnic has been _ because we have to work.The government has _ the parents to work with teachers in the education of their children.Success in school _ m
38、uch hard study.,called off,called in,called on,calls for,Key words,phrases&usages,refer to talk about or mention;speak about,Translate:The president referred to the economic crisis in Asia in his TV statement.,Key:总统在电视讲话中提到了亚洲经济危机。,ExampleAlthough the newspaper article named no names,everyone knew
39、it was referring to the bad behavior of the voted World Footballer of the Year.,Key words,phrases&usages,now(that)as a result of the fact(that);since,ExampleNow that Ive been to the concert,I understand why young people are so crazy about the superstar.,Translate:既然你成年了，就要对自己的所作所为负责。,Key:Now that yo
40、ure coming of age,you should be responsible for what you do.,Key words,phrases&usages,More to learn,now(that)as a result of the fact(that);since,Complete the following sentences:(p.42,Ex.X)Now that he is getting older,_.2._ now that the bus has broken down halfway.,he might be more patient,I have to
41、 take a taxi home,Key words,phrases&usages,switch change,esp.suddenly,Fill in the blank:It is no good for you to _(太经常换工作).,switch jobs too often,Example:He didnt seem to like any of the programs and kept switching from one channel to another.,Key words,phrases&usages,Text-related information(2),BOW
42、LING GAMEAn indoor game in which you roll a large heavy ball along a wooden track in order to knock down a group of pins(wooden objects shaped like bottles).,Text-related information(1),TENNISA game for two people or two pairs of people who use rackets to hit a small soft ball backwards and forwards
43、 over a net.,Guided Practice,Vocabulary Cloze Translation Structure Writing,1.The new approach is truly new it differs _ from the old one.,entirely,2.I have no _ to your becoming a teacher if thats what you want to be.,objection,Filling,读写教程 I:Ex.IV,p.38,3.No one _ the theory until 1452,when a revol
44、utionary thinker changed our understanding of the universe.,challenged,4.The Foreign Language School has now expanded to three times its _ size.,original,Filling,5.I agree with you that men and women should be equally _ for bringing up children.,responsible,6.Now that their children have all begun t
45、o work,the Browns are living in _ comfort.,relative,Filling,7.The marathon(马拉松)runner had to give up _ because he couldnt endure the pain in his stomach.,halfway,8.Everyone looked _ when Peter challenged the professors remarks about Hemingways writing style.,startled,Filling,9.The true mark of leade
46、rship is not _ to support what is popular but to make what is unpopular popular.,simply,10.I was quite startled to see two old men tossing a baseball _ in the park.,back and forth,Filling,11.He started to sing a popular song of the 1950s and everyone _.,joined in,12.Christmas is important in Western
47、 countries,_ the Spring Festival is very special to Chinese people.,just as,Filling,13.After the storm,I was disappointed to see that all of my tomato plants had been _ by the wind.,knocked down,14.When the film was being shot on location,so many people stopped to watch that traffic _.,came to a hal
48、t,Filling,15._ world population growth could somehow be cut by half,there would still be more than 45 million new mouths to feed next year.,Even if,16.Youd better buy some new shirts all your old ones are _.,fallen apart,Filling,When I moved to Japan,I found that others often reacted strangely _ the
49、 way I spoke to them.In time,I came to understand that Japan and the U.S.are different not just in terms of the language used,but also in terms of _ people are expected to talk to each other.Like a game of tennis,a Western-style _ is full of back and _.Each person reacts to _ the other one says.Also
50、,there is no need to wait around _ an invitation to speak;it is perfectly OK to jump right _.Japanese conversations,_,are more like bowling.Everyone offers his opinion separately,and there are strict rules for who will speak _.,to,how,conversation,forth,for,next,what,in,however,读写教程 I:Ex.XI,p.42,Clo
