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1、,Creative Problem Solving,Creative,Creative is the thought process which goes beyond existing structures,patterns,ideas and realities and results in the production of ideas that are new and challenging and inevitably disruptive to the pre-eminence of existing ideas.Professor Judith Robinson ValdezTh
2、e Study and Development of Creative Thinking 1987,Key Mechanisms,Opening up Divergent thinkingClosing downConvergent thinking,Defer judgmentThink of as many ideas as you canBe receptive to all ideasLook for ways to modify or otherwise combine ideasAll ideas to incubate Be systematicClarify and make
3、known your evaluation criteriaAvoid premature closure on dataBe realistic about your problemAvoid killer instruct in evaluating dataDont lose sight of where you are going,FocusChallengeSearchHarvestEvaluate SolutionforFrontAlternativesRunners,?,Patterning,The system pushes uswe must break the patter
4、nsThe right answer-The second and the third right answerThats not logical-it doesnt have to beFollow the rules-Challenge the rulesBe practical-be a magicianAvoid ambiguity-use ambiguity as a development toolTo err is wrong-failure creates opportunitiesPlay is frivolous-play is essentialThats not my
5、area-what can I learn by analogyDont be foolish-challenge group thinkIm not creative-Im creative if I think I am,Where do People Find Most of Their Ideas,Sitting on toiletShowering or shavingTraveling to workDuring a boring meetingDuring leisure readingWhile exercisingOn waking in middle of nightWhi
6、le in churchWhile performing manual labor,Type of Solution,“Previous Problems”,What We NeedToKnow,What We CanOnlyGuess,What We Know Now,What We Could Know Now,“NewProblem”,More ofthe same,More andBetter,More andBetter,SomethingDifferent,Moving The Window of Our Experience,“Previous Problems”,What We
7、 NeedToKnow,What We CanOnlyGuess,What We Know Now,What We Could Know Now,“NewProblem”,Types of Problems,Opportunity:A chance to do think better or differently.You Know where you want to be.it is now a question of working out how to get there.An opportunity is also called a clear brief.Difficulty:You
8、 know what needs to be done but the execution is demanding,exacting or intricate.Usually involves the chance of upsetting people,including yourself.,Dilemma:You seem to have to choose either one way or another,neither of which is likely to get you to where you really want to beMess:A series of inter
9、connected problems that you dont fully understand.There are probably many right answers but you need to unravel complexities and uncertaintiesMystery:Unexplained and often ambiguous deviations from what you expected.you dont know why,What Is TheProblem?,Have we comeacross the sameproblem before?,Wha
10、t are thesuccess criteriafor the solution,Have we comeacross a similarproblem before?,What are theconstraints?,What data dowe have andwhere are thegaps?,How Are WeGoing toApproach TheSolution?,What sort ofblockbustinghelp do we need?,How many alternativesolutions are we goingto look for?,Who blocks
11、arewe likely to hit?,How long will we allow for incubation?,Can weredefine theproblem?,Is This APotentialSolution?,How can weimprove it?,does it meet thesuccess criteria?,What parts ofthe problem doesit solve and notyet solve?,Does it meet theconstraints?,Does it holdtogether?,Which IsThe RightSolut
12、ion?,Can it beimplementedeasily?,Can it bemeasured easily?,Is iteffective?,Is itefficient?,Does it give usan edge?,Better Questions,The greater the degree of turbulence and change,the more we need to rely on a process of better questions and less on experience available for the answers.If we did not
13、 do this already,would we go into it now knowing what we now know?If no then what do we do now?Is there anything you might expect me to know already and which therefore you havent told me,Reframing,Stating a problem in a different way by using terms that are more convenient for your own understandin
14、gReframe 1Rephrasing the problem in your own words so you can get it organized in your mindReframe 2putting the problem in words you can work withReframe 3Making the problem come to youReframe 4Making the strange familiar,Reframing,I want to persuade my client to accept our proposalsHow to persuade
15、my client to accept our proposalHow to win her confidenceHow to show her what is better about the new approachHow to arouse her enthusiasmHow to find the right bait to hook her interestHow to reduce her fears of changehow to break down her resistanceETC.ETCSome feel that“How to(H2)”as an approach po
16、ints too much at one right answer and prefer to reframe with“In what ways might we”(IWWMW),Wishing,Is important as the first stepAllows for expansive thinkingAvoids the needs to defend,by passing the self censorAllows bits&pieces of ideas to be voicedHelp guard against evaluationIncreases level of s
17、peculationInvites further thinking,Why Chaining at Toyota,Broken down machine,1.Why has the machine stopped/A fuse blew because of an overload.2.Why was there an overload?There wasnt enough lubrication for the bearings3.Why wasnt there enough lubrication?The pump wasnt pumping enough4.Why wasnt enou
18、gh lubrication being pumped?The pump shaft was vibrating as a result of abrasion5.Why was there abrasion?There was no filter,which allowed chips of material to get into the pump,Install a filter,Why Chaining at Ogilvy&Mather,1.Why?There are too many“got a minute”s in my day2.Why?I have an open door
19、policy3.Why?I want my people to have my input when there is a crisis4.Why?We work as a team and Im the most experienced5.Why?Teamwork and sharing make O&M productive,Never enough time to complete to do list,Plan for interruptions in your to do list and time management and feel good when your people
20、ask for your opinion,Think of Ways to Improve A portable Radio,Think of waysThink of ways toto improveimprove somethingsomethingportable,Make it larger Put wheels on itPolish it Make it easy to pick upAdd more features Remove features of partsUse more expensive parts Have lots of pockets for accesso
21、riesMake it smaller Simplify its operationMake it more flexible Make it easy to store,StainlessSteel,Addspotlight,A rubber radiothat bends,Add storagecompartmentsfor extrabatteries,Attribute Assocation Chains,List all major problem components and their subcomponentsRead one of the subcomponents and
22、write down the first word that pops into your mindUse this work association as a stimulus-4 chain associationsUse word associations as stimuli and generate ideas,Two Word Method,List alternative word meanings for 2 key words in problem statementExamine combinations of two words,one word from each li
23、stuse combinations to suggest ideas,Fish Bones,Building The Brand,IdeasConcepts DirectionsFocus*Meter the water*Increased efficiency of use*Charge for water us*Less wastage*Raise charge for use*Discourage use*Water only at certain times*Education*Put a harmless bad small in it*Restrict use for garde
24、ns*Publish names of heavy users*Threaten to ration etc.etc.*New sources*Recycling*Less wastage from sources*Stop water using process*Substitute other substances*Avoid need to use water,Reduceconsumption,Increasesupply,Do without,Coping witha watershortage,Building The Brand,IdeasConcepts DirectionsF
25、ocus,More frequentpurchase,Buy more perpurchase occasion,Take fromcompetitive brands,Recruit new userto market,Increaseusage,Increaseusers,Increase Brandsales,IWWMW improve a refrigeratorWrite Down All MajorReverse Each Problem AssumptionsAssumptionKeeps food cold*Heats food Build in a small microwa
26、ve ovenOpening door lets out*Opening door helps Opening door triggers acold air retain cold air inside boost cold air until door closedRequires electricity*Requires no electricity Make it battery poweredCapable of freezing most*Frozen food always Install a timedautomaticfoods melts in a freezer defr
27、oster,Assumption Reversal,Six Thinking Masks,WhiteNeutral,information,facts&figureswithout commentBlackNegative,logical,why it wont workwhy it cant be done,why it does notfit patterns of experienceYellowPositive,speculative,why it might work,what is hoped for,what the benefits might be,RedPure emoti
28、on without any need to explain or justify.A plain surfacingof current feeling on the matterGreenFertile,generative and creative,playful,new ideas,suggestions&provocationsBlueOverview,to control the use of other colors and to act as an organiser of the thinking itself.process.,青苹果出品 必属精品http:/,囊括2007-2010几十G地产策划资料/企业管理人力资源全套/品牌策划资料/行业分析报告/PPT模板等。,青苹果出品 必属精品http:/,囊括2007-2010几十G地产策划资料/企业管理人力资源全套/品牌策划资料/行业分析报告/PPT模板等。,
