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1、武汉市村镇住宅抗震研究有限元分析 【论文标题】武汉市村镇住宅抗震研究有限元分析【英文标题】Finite Element Analysis on Seismic Research of Rural Residence in Wuhan City 【中文摘要】 2008年汶川地震给我国造成了巨大的人员伤亡和经济损失。除地震烈度远远超过了当地设防烈度外,大量村镇住宅的破坏也是此次地震损失惨重的主要原因之一。长期以来,由于经济相对落后和缺乏抗震防灾知识等原因,村镇建筑的抗震能力依然十分薄弱。如何提高村镇建筑的综合抗震性能是摆在我们工程技术人员面前的一个重要课题。自从“十一五”提出加快社会主义新农村建设
2、目标后,小城镇与村庄建设已成为“三农”工作的重要组成部分。村镇建设抗震设防工作已是新时期、新阶段城乡建设防灾减灾的重点工作。作为国家历史文化名城之一的武汉市,地处江汉断坳与鄂东南褶皱带的交接地带,地震影响及地震危险性的水平较低,同时也是一个远震烈度偏高的异常区。因此对武汉市村镇住宅的抗震性能进行系统的研究具有重要意义。本文的主要分析内容和结论如下:(1)采用有限元分析软件,对实体墙结构和空斗墙结构进行了动力分析。由于空斗墙结构型式复杂,完全按照其实际结构形式建模工作量过大,因此本文根据现场测试结果,确定空斗墙刚度。具体做法为:调整壳单元厚度,使有限元分析模态频率与实测模态频率一致,保证了空斗墙
3、模型的正确性和合理性。(2)采用反应谱分析法对结构进行承载能力校核,分别分析两种结构在不同烈度下的地震响应,进一步确定了结构的薄弱部位,并对其进行抗震性能评估。(3)对空斗墙结构输入不同种类的地震波进行动力时程分析,计算了空斗墙结构在罕遇地震下的地震效应,其分析结果和方法可作为分析空斗墙砌体结构抗震性能的依据。(4)对影响砌体结构抗震性能的各种关键因素(砂浆强度等级、圈梁和构造柱等)进行了探讨,总结出各种因素对砌体结构抗震性能的影响。分析结果表明,提高砂浆强度等级或设置相应构造措施都能不同程度地提高砌体结构的抗震性能,其中同时设置圈梁和构造柱的措施最为有效。本文所做的研究不仅为武汉市周边地区村
4、镇住宅的抗震性能提供了一定的理论指导,同时也为整个湖北省乃至整个中南部地区村镇住宅中普遍采用的空斗墙结构提出相关建议,从而有效、经济的提高和改善村镇建筑的抗震能力。 还原【英文摘要】 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China had caused great casualties and economic losses. In addition to the intensity of earthquakes is far more than the intensity of local security, the large number of rural resid
5、ential earthquake damage is the main loss of one of the main reasons.Due to the relatively backward economy and a lack of knowledge of earthquake disaster prevention and other reasons, the seismic capacity building towns and villages is still very weak for a long time. How to improve the towns compr
6、ehensive seismic performance of the construction is put in our engineering and technical personnel before an important issue. Since the “Eleventh Five-Year” to speed up the goal of a new socialist countryside construction, the construction of small towns and villages have become the “three rural” an
7、 important part of the work. Seismic work in villages and towns is the new era, a new stage of urban and rural development the focus of the work of disaster prevention and mitigation. Wuhan, as one of the national historical and cultural city, located in Hubei Province Jianghan off Au and fold belt
8、of the transfer zone, earthquakes and earthquake hazards are in the lower level, but it is an unusual high distant earthquake zone. It is very important to systematical study seismic behavior of village buildings in Wuhan City.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1) Finite elem
9、ent analysis software is adopted for modal analysis and compares the results of the analysis with actual testing data to validate the correct and rationality offinite modals. When establishing modal of the hollow masonry wall , According toactual testing make sure the stiffness of hollow masonry wal
10、l structure due to its complexity. Concrete methods are as follow: adjust the thickness of shell element, make the finite element analysis modal frequency similar to actual testing frequency, and validate the correct and rationality of finite modals.(2) Through the response spectrum analysis method
11、for checking the structure of load-bearing capacity, analyzing of the structures response respectively under different intensity of the earthquake response, and further to identify the weak parts of the structure. Then assessment their seismic behavior at last. (3) This paper choose a variety of dif
12、ferent types of seismic wave to conduct dynamic time-history analysis , and calculate the seismic behavior of hollow masonry wall structures under rare earthquake .The conclusion can be as basis of analysis and computation on seismic behavior of hollow masonry structures.(4) Through analyzing on the
13、 difference examples of masonry structures, approach a subject from various key factors impacting of seismic behavior on masonry wall such as mortar strength grade, ring-beam and columns structure and so on. The results show that all of raising mortar strength grade or setting ring-beam and columns
14、can improve the seismic behavior of masonry structure more or less. But measure with setting ring-beam and columns is most effective.In this paper, the research done by not only the surrounding areas of Wuhan City for providing some theoretical guidance on seismic behavior, even provide some suggest
15、ions for seismic behavior of masonry wall in the whole region of Hubei Province and the middle and south of China to improve the seismic capacity building in towns and villages effectively and economically. 还原【中文关键词】 空斗墙; 砌体结构; 有限元分析; 抗震性能; 影响因素 【英文关键词】 Hollow masonry wall; Masonry structure; Finite
16、 element analysis; Seismic behavior; Influencing factors 【论文目录】摘要 4-5 Abstract 5-6 第1章 绪论 9-21 1.1 引言 9-10 1.2 砌体结构相关内容研究现状 10-18 1.2.1 抗震设计研究的发展 10-12 1.2.2 国内外砌体结构研究的最新动态 12-13 1.2.3 我国砌体结构抗震性能研究 13-17 1.2.4 现行规范中村镇住宅抗震墙体验算方法 17-18 1.3 课题背景及研究目的和意义 18-20 1.3.1 课题背景 18-19 1.3.2 研究目的和意义 19-20 1.4 本文
17、的主要研究内容 20-21 第2章 多遇地震下村镇住宅砌体结构动力分析 21-47 2.1 材料的本构关系和破坏准则 21-29 2.1.1 砌体的本构关系 21-24 2.1.2 砌体的破坏准则 24-28 2.1.3 混凝土的本构关系和破坏准则 28-29 2.2 有限元分析模型 29-30 2.2.1 砌体有限元分析模型 29-30 2.2.2 钢筋混凝土有限元分析模型 30 2.3 有限元分析基本原理 30-34 2.3.1 单元类型 30-32 2.3.2 模态分析 32 2.3.3 反应谱分析 32-34 2.4 模型结构图 34-35 2.5 实体墙砌体结构的抗震性能分析 35-
18、41 2.5.1 单元类型选取 35-36 2.5.2 结构检测和有限元模态分析 36-37 2.5.3 反应谱计算结果分析 37-41 2.6 空斗墙砌体结构的抗震性能分析 41-46 2.6.1 创建模型和模态分析结果 41-42 2.6.2 反应谱计算结果分析 42-46 2.7 本章小结 46-47 第3章 罕遇地震下砌体结构有限元动力分析 47-57 3.1 时程分析法 47-48 3.1.1 积分方式的选择 47-48 3.1.2 比例系数的确定 48 3.2 本文地震波的选取 48-50 3.2.1 地震波的选取原则 48-49 3.2.2 本文选用地震波介绍 49-50 3.3
19、 砌体结构在罕遇地震作用下的地震分析 50-56 3.3.1 砌体结构应力图 50-53 3.3.2 结构位移和加速度响应 53-56 3.4 本章小结 56-57 第4章 村镇住宅砌体结构抗震性能的主要影响因素 57-69 4.1 楼盖形式对砌体结构抗震性能的影响 57-58 4.2 墙体类别的影响 58 4.3 砂浆强度的影响 58-61 4.3.1 模态分析 59-60 4.3.2 砂浆强度对砌体结构抗震性能的影响 60-61 4.4 圈梁构造柱的影响 61-68 4.4.1 模型平面图和模态分析 62-63 4.4.2 不同工况的反应谱分析 63-64 4.4.3 不同工况的动力时程分析 64-68 4.5 本章小结 68-69 第5章 结论和展望 69-71 参考文献 71-74 致谢 74-75 作者在攻读硕士学位期间发表的学术论文 75
