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1、反渗透（RO）培训2013年3月,北京碧化科技有限公司,简介：膜/反渗透 及其应用An INTRODUCTION TOMEMEBRANE/REVERSE OSMOSIS&ITS BEST PRACTICE,（交叉流/膜）过滤方法Cross Flow Filtration Methods,膜构造 Membrane Configurations,螺旋口 Spiral Wound中空纤维 Hollow Fiber管状 Tubular,膜系统 Membrane System,反渗透 Reverse Osmosis,术语表 Glossary of Terms,Concentrate or reject
2、浓缩 或 损失/未渗 透Permeate or product 渗透 或 产物Percent recovery 回收率Percent salt rejection 盐损率/抗盐率,反渗透基理,两步骤 RO系统 Two-Stage RO System,元件 ELEMENTS,RO 设备 Typical RO Machine,膜对比 Membrane Comparisons,离子通过 Typical Passage of Ions,*TFC element rated for a 95%NaCl rejection,RO的优势What Are the Advantages of RO?,去除非离子
3、杂质和溶解的固体（如：有机物，无水硅酸，细菌）Removes nonionic impurities and dissolved solids(i.e.organics,silica,bacteria)减少了危险的化学品存储和与离子交换相关的操Reduction of hazardous chemical storage and handling associated with ion exchange减少了离子交换系统的装载 Reduces loading on ion exchange systems:延长运行周期 Extends run lengths延长树脂寿命 Extends res
4、in life降低操作成本 Reduces operating costs,RO的劣势What Are the Disadvantages of RO?,25%的进水未被渗透 25%of feed stream is rejected渗透的5%TDS 对HP锅炉不足 5%TDS in permeate inadequate for HP boilers最终过滤器易被堵塞 Ultimate filter which is easily fouled:-提高操作成本 Increasing operating costs-降低树脂寿命 Reducing membrane life,操作成本细分 Ty
5、pical Operating Cost Breakdown,反渗透膜的问题 RO Membrane Problems,Fouling 污垢 微生物，残渣/泥沙，脏物，有机物，金属氧化物Microbio,silt,crud,organics,metal oxidesScaling 水锈天然盐 Mineral salts无水硅酸 Silica水解和降解 Hydrolysis or DegradationpH,Temperature,oxidants,biodegradation,离子污垢 Iron Fouling,微生物污垢 Microbiological Fouling,无水硅酸污垢 Sili
6、ca Fouling,矿物水锈 Mineral Scale,膜退化/降解 Membrane Degradation,膜问题造成的结果 Results of Membrane Problems,水质降低 Reduced water quality运行周期缩短 Shorter run lengths提早更换膜 Premature membrane replacement运行成本提高 Higher operating costs,厂商要求 Typical Manufacturers Requirements,NS-Not Specified,膜的水解因素 Hydrolysis Factors of
7、RO Membranes,CA MEMBRANES 微生物生长率Microbio growth present pH levels 5.0-6.5 温度 Temperatures 35 oC Exposed to direct sunlight,TFC MEMBRANES 进水中的氧化剂Oxidants in feedwater(i.e.Cl2,Ozone)进水中的游离氯 0.01 ppm Free chlorine in feedwater 温度 Temperatures 45 oC Exposed to direct sunlight,各种污垢物质的沉积Deposit Tendency o
8、f Various Foulants,*假定没有使用防水锈剂、防污垢剂和消毒杀菌剂Assumes no antiscalant,antifoulant or sanitizer is used,性能改善指导方法Performance Enhancement Guidelines,RO系统控制 RO System Monitoring,预处理控制 Pretreatment monitoring残渣密度（SDI），混浊，pH，氧化剂 Silt Density(SDI),Turbidity,pH,oxidants温度、压力、TDSTemperature,pressure,TDS污垢物质（细菌、金属、
9、硬度、无水硅酸）Foulants(bacteria,metals,hardness,silica)运行控制 Performance monitoring抗盐率/盐损率 Percent salt rejection正常化渗透流速 Normalized permeate flowrate压差 Differential pressure进水流速 Feedwater flowrate,日常操作和运行参数Daily Operation&Performance Parameters,日期 Date操作员名字 Operators initials进水SDI Feedwater silt density in
10、dex(SDI)进水混浊 Feedwater turbidity进水温度 Feedwater temperature进水温度校正因素Feedwater temperature correction factor进水的pH值 Feedwater pH氧化剂浓度（如:Cl,消毒杀菌剂）Oxidant concentration(i.e.Cl,sanitizer)进水传导性或TDSFeedwater conductivity or TDS渗透水传导性或TDSPermeate conductivity or TDS未渗透水传导性或TDSReject conductivity or TDS,抗盐率(计算
11、的)Percent salt rejection(calculated)进水(膜)压力 Feed(membrane)pressure渗透水压力 Permeate pressure未渗透水压力 Reject pressure净压差(计算的)Net differential pressure(calculated)净推动压 Net driving pressure进水流速 Feedwater flowrate渗透水流速 Permeate flowrate未渗透水流速 Reject flowrate正常化渗透流速（计算的）Normalized permeate flowrate(calculated
12、)回收率(计算的)Percent recovery(calculated),关键参数位置 Location of Key Parameters,控制工具的位置 Location of Key Monitoring Tools,CLEANERS,进消毒杀菌剂SANITIZER FEED,进氯 CHLORINEFEED,进聚合体OLYMER FEED,进酸性亚硫酸盐BISULFITEFEED,ACIDFEED,进防水锈剂/防垢剂/ANTISCALANT/ANTIFOULANTFEED,*SECONDARY,PRIMARY,*SECONDARY,*当进水中离子水平0.5ppm时推荐第二进水点 Sec
13、ondary feed points are recommended when iron levels 0.5 ppm in feed,PRIMARY,第一、第二进水点的位置Location of Primary and Secondary Feed Points,原始数据 比 正常化后的数据Raw Data vs.Normalized Data,趋向数据 Trending Data,解决RO系统故障Troubleshooting an RO System,检查预处理控制系统 Check pretreatment monitoring system检查仪表，校正 Check instrumen
14、t calibration for accuracy隔离RO问题部分 Isolate the location of problem RO elements寻找性能失误的可能原因Investigate possible causes of performance loss控制运行，保证问题解决 Monitor performance to assure problem is fixed,探视RO容器 Probing an RO Vessel,可采用的服务或工具Services&Tools Available,污染位置和影响 Fouling Location&Impact,使用运行变量 Usin
15、g the Performance Variables,清洁RO系统的时间：Time to clean the RO system when:降低10-15%的正常化后渗透水的流速（运行的前200个小时后）10-15%decrease in normalized permeate flowrate(after first 200 hours of operation),or降低1-2%的抗盐率 1-2%decrease in percent salt rejection,or提高10-15%的压差 10-15%increase in differential pressure,正确的清洁维护
16、Proper Cleaning Maintenance,Cleaning-In-Place(CIP)Skid,最佳膜清洁作法Membrane Cleaning Best Practice,一步一步 Stage by Stage正确的化学品使用方案 Right Chemical Program充足的流速 Sufficient Flow Rate清洁时间 Cleaning Duration重开始运行时的问题 Problems when back to the service.,维护RO的益处Benefits of Maintaining an RO,降低运行成本 Reduced operating
17、 costs降低维护费用 Reduced maintenance costs缩短停工期 Reduced downtime延长膜寿命 Extended membrane life提高水质和产量 Improved water quality and output,设计RO系统 Designing a RO System,我需要多少渗透水产量How much permeate production do I need我需要怎样的水质What water quality do I need是否对浓水有任何需要Is there any use for the concentrate监测控制装Monito
18、ring and control packages我需要多少trainHow many trains do I need进水温度,变化,热回收如何What is the feedwater temperature,variation,heat recovery进水质量如何What is the feedwater quality,预处理 Pretreatment过滤 Filtration重力/压力Gravity/pressure多媒/绿砂Multimedia/Greensand滤筒类型和尺寸Cartridge type and size微生物 MicrobiopH值控制 pH control化
19、学品使用 Chemical applications分析器/自动操作Analyzers/automationORP/氯监控 ORP/chlorine monitors,膜处理方案Membrane Treatment Program,传统工业用水的管理 Conventional Industrial Water Management,进水处理 Feed Water Treatment,锅炉 Boiler,澄清器Clarifier,冷却塔 Cooling Towers,Process,Discharge,废水处理工厂Wastewater Treatment Plant,膜性能 Membrane P
20、erformance21st 世纪工业用水系统 Industrial Water Systems,Customer Needs 客户需求降低运行总成本自动操作的可靠性提高运行效果,Discharge,Boiler,冷却塔 Cooling Towers,Wastewater Treatment,BFW Treatment,WastewaterTreatment,RawTreatment,我们的服务 Our Services,膜剖析 Membrane Autopsy:识别性能失效的主要原因 identify exact cause of performance loss,在线装置评估 On-Sit
21、e Plant Evaluations:完善客户支持complete customer support,用户化清洗方案 Customized Cleaning Programs:确认污染物,恢复膜性能 target site specific foulants to restore performance,对您的意义What does this mean for you?,Reduced Operating CostsReturn on Investment,VALUE,海德能可向您提供世界级的产品、服务和专业技术，增强您的膜系统的运行效果HYDECANME can supply you with world class products,services and expertise that can enhance the performance of your membrane system.,
