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1、房地产认筹手法揭密一、认筹成市场“行规” 楼市有了流行“营销术” 从目前房地产市场的销售环节看,不少楼盘在营销过程中的第一个环节是认筹,经过一段时间的认筹后再解筹,然后公开发售,即所谓的开盘。把前面的认筹客户,透过解筹后,统一选房号(如果认筹数大于推出套数则抽签房号),统一交首期,统一签署认购书或预售合同,造成了多个“排队”现象,从而形成了热销甚至抢购场面,因此楼市有了一天上百套,甚至当天开盘当天就宣告售罄的良好销售业绩。 严格来说,认筹是为规避国家政府主管部门禁止在房屋预售审批前出售的一种变通销售方式,其操作方式是以售VIP卡、消费卡、认筹卡等形式,发现和锁定潜在目标客户,为价格制定提供必要
2、的依据。商品房销售过程中,在签订正式的商品房买卖合同或预售合同前,开发商先期推出“认筹”,签“认筹协议”或“认购合同”,交纳几千元到几万元,甚至几十万、上百万的诚意金已成了业内“行规”。 据某资深中介代理人士透露,现在市场上比较流行的营销手法仍是“认筹”,有些楼盘蓄客的时间长达半年,少则数月,在这段时间中仍为内部认购阶段,不公布销售均价,不公开选房。在观察了一段市场动态之后,才开始制造出“排队”进场的热闹场面,以集中的手法、以聚人气的方式,为楼市销售加码。从不少新盘的开盘现场,不难看到“抢购风”的盛行。 记者了解到,这种现象的本身存在许许多多的人为主导因素,一些房地产开发商和中介商老总承认,“
3、排对认筹”的背后有不少玄机,一是开发商为炒作楼盘所用,这其中不排斥大量的虚假“排队认筹”现象,市场因此也流传着许多高档楼盘民工争相排队“抢购”的奇怪场面;二是开发商使用该促销方式的目的是给市场造成人为的“抢手”,以作为抬高房价的最佳筹码,在当前房地产市场一片火热的背景下,在国家出台一系列宏观调控的政策下,认筹还对开发商的资金来源产生了客观的现实作用。而在中国人习惯的跟风眼里,这种现象很容易导致一些买家或投资者急于落定。在一定程度上,促进了楼盘的销售进度,使房子变得“紧俏”,给市场一个热卖的假象。 尽管以区区数千元或数万元买来的VIP卡(认筹卡)是可以在签合同前全款退还的,但有关专家指出,购房者
4、在购得VIP卡,特别是前期的认筹客户在确立自己的认筹编号后,几乎都以为铁板钉钉,可由于认筹存在许多不确定因素,发展商可能在简单的协议中暗藏玄机,甚至为一房多卖打下伏笔。 二、设计优惠吸引购房 认筹设下“排队陷阱” 夸张点说,现在市面上的楼盘,几乎90以上都采用了“认筹”方式,而“认筹”本身的一个最大秘诀就是以种种优惠措施,来吸引购房者。如某楼盘推出在认筹期间交纳3000元诚意金的客户,在选房日购买110平方米以下单位可享受诚意金抵2万元楼款的优惠,如购买110平方米以上单位可享受诚意金抵3万元楼款的优惠。 再如认筹期间认购,可获得3个点的额外优惠,以及其它送家电、装修等一系列的优惠措施,像某口
5、岸片区一纯住宅物业推出认筹优惠,诚意买家能一并享受到认筹与增值的双重优惠。换句话说,如果该项目在60天后认筹,买了100元意向金的买家如果继续认筹,将能获得6000元的购房优惠,同时,再加上认筹所享有的优惠。如果买家到时不买房,则100元如数退还。在种种优惠的吸引下,“认筹”也为排队买房埋下了陷阱。 去年8月份,张先生看中了某楼盘认筹期间的房价额外3的优惠,便按该楼盘开发商的要求,在该楼盘的销售中心缴纳了1万元的认筹排号费,准备在此购置一套房屋。几个月过后,排在第20号的他却被告知当初预定的A栋楼已经卖完,目前只有B、C楼。房地产公司让他要么去领回认筹排号费,要么另外选新楼层。当他再次决定购买
6、该楼盘B栋的一套住宅时,房价却在当初认筹排号时的基础上每平方米涨了600多元。这样一来,一套100平方米左右的房屋就要多付大约7万元。无奈,这位先生只得领回了自己1万元的认筹排号费。 对此,张先生感到非常气愤。自己交了认筹费去排号,而且所排的号数也较前,最后却没买到想要的房子,难道当初交的排号费就这么白交了吗?开发商一点责任都没有吗? 事实如此,认筹作为营销的一种手段,在房地产市场已经超越一般意义上的定金。广东深天正律师事务所律师宋建民说,因为认筹所形成的“排号费”不等同于定金。认筹对开发商没有任何法律约束力,只是购房者对售楼方作出的单方面购买承诺。如果售楼方将预售的房屋卖给了第三方,或随意提
7、高房价,开发商不承担违约责任。除了将认筹排号费返还购房者外,不用支付违约金或双倍赔偿,它不是履约的保证。 为此,宋律师表示,在认筹或缴纳排号费后,最好与售楼方签订一份明确约定所排号数、优惠幅度等事项内容的协议,以避免售楼方不规范行为给自己带来的风险和损失。 三、变相“无息集资” 开发商无偿占用认筹金 自去年年初以来,国家陆续出台了上调银行存款准备金率、提高房地产开发固定资产投资项目资本金比例、对房地产行业贷款进行重点检查等紧缩信贷的调控措施,对房地产行业的资金来源产生了较大影响。不少开发商在银行融资上出现“断顿”,而认筹金、售房定金以及预付款的大幅增长,成为许多房地产开发企业的重要资金来源。一
8、些金融界人士分析,房地产开发贷款增速放缓,特别是流动资金贷款逐月负增长,使房地产开发投资规模受到资金约束。特别是在项目开盘前,是开发商资金最为紧张的阶段,认筹金、定金预付款的收入无疑可以解决燃眉之急。 如去年某盘认筹,开发商宣传的价格不高,加上认筹期间,发展商推出多项优惠,买家购2房、3房及4房以上单位,可分别享受到“1万元抵2万元”、“2万元抵3万元”的优惠,而吸引了大批的认筹者前来排队认筹。据现场的销售主管介绍,楼盘认筹吸引了众多置业者、投资客的关注,于认筹前一天的早上便有人开始排队。认筹当天就派发VIP认筹卡1000多张。按照之前约定的认筹诚意金最低1万元VIP卡,可以简单计算出开发商一
9、天便至少收入1000万元。 按照约定,“此认筹金可于开盘当日转为所购房定金,也可无条件申请全款(无息)返还”,但是按照常理推断,一般楼盘认筹到解筹(开盘当日),少说也要一两个月,多则半年甚至更长时间,这1000多万元对解决开发商短期的营销等费用还是绰绰有余。找房地产资料,到中国地产商 而在一些好的地段,居住环境好或投资价值高的楼盘,不但认筹人数多,而且认筹诚意金也显然增加。记者曾经听说外地某楼盘(别墅项目)的认筹诚意金就要200万元,几十套别墅就有200多人认筹,如果照此计算,开发商就认筹诚意金一下就“融资”几个亿,这个项目的整个建筑成本恐怕也不到认筹诚意金,照这样建房开发商就轻松多了。 一些
10、业内人士认为,认筹诚意金的出现以至认筹额度的越来越大,开发商“无息集资”存在关联。他们指出,不少房地产项目在尚未取得预售许可证之前,开发商就收取所谓的认筹排号费,实际上是在使用购房者的资金,进行变相集资。 四、认筹助推炒房 制造“热销”抬高房价 从市场销售状况看,尽管自用或投资出租占了多数,但仍有相当一部分认筹是出于炒房目的。一些认筹者不仅“一盘多认”,甚至“多盘多认”,只要是新盘,通过关系先占个号,就有望从中获利。加上市场上部分房地产开发商、中介商也参与了楼盘炒作,从而造成一些楼盘认筹就排长队、现场非常热销的假象,这些与开发商、中介商的推介、宣传、暗示有一定关系。这样势必造成相当一部分不明情
11、况的消费者心里恐慌、头脑发热、跟风买房。而有些楼盘项目正是利用了消费者的跟风心理,在认筹阶段也形成一天一个价的“壮观”场面,也因此有了上海有些楼盘,一年内一个盘被转手上百次的交易记录。 建房子就是为了赚钱,房地产商当然做梦都想炒作房价。在一房多卖、假按揭等重点打压炒房融资后,房地产市场的VIP认筹,似乎要温柔得多,而且在很多消费者看来,这种认筹的炒作也“合情合理”。 记者了解到,此前某楼盘内部认购(认筹),内部认购时的均价是5500元平方米,结果260套房子吸引了六、七百人前来认筹,发展商一看有这么多人认购,马上调价,内部登记达到250人时,价格上调5800元平方米,在一个多月的认购期内,每当
12、内部登记多100个人,每平方米的房价就上涨一次,最后认筹达到600多人时,实际的成交均价已达6600元平方米,较预期价格上涨了1100元平方米。 认筹的另一个原因就是销控房号,记者从一些中介机构及开发商的营销主管那里得知,在深圳,很多项目销售放号都是只放13,13的房子卖完了就说没房子了,其实还有23没卖,其销售策略就是这样)制造楼盘热销的假象,消费者一看快卖完了就会急着买,看看还有没有剩下的,为此,开发商或中介代理就一点一点放,所以那些标着售罄的楼盘总会有别人转让的,或者一些其他原因的房子在卖,但价格却高了很多。南山的一客户认筹某楼盘,三次“抽签”全部落空。不久,中介和他联系,有他想要的单位
13、“放”出来了,每套要再加二十万。 一些专业人士指出,类似现象目前很普遍,不少开发商正是利用当前人们的某种心理,进行一些不规范的炒作甚至是违规行为。所谓“认筹”,实际上就是开发商或多或少通过一些优惠的方式,使有购房意向的消费者预先向售楼方缴纳一定数目的款项,依照付款时间先后顺序取得一个号码,开盘后消费者可凭号码的先后顺序摇号、挑房和购房,并享受排号时约定的价格优惠。这样,如果开发商发现认筹客户多、排号购买踊跃,就会适当提高房价,把房子按提价后的价格卖出去。而对于原先排号的那些购房者则采取退还排号费的方式,取消其优先选房、购房,享受优惠价格的资格。Editors note: Judson Jone
14、s is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from sp
15、ace hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plu
16、g on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk.
17、 Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air
18、 up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet 待添加的隐藏文字内容2Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be
19、 go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at
20、a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped
21、the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumg
22、artner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The b
23、alloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/
24、9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then,
25、 I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep e
26、nd of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air close
27、r to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitu
28、de of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will fre
29、e fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.