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1、18th-century English Literature,The Brief IntroductionThe Rise of the 18th Century English Realistic Novel The appearance of the Satirical NovelEthical Examination of 18th Century English Drama,讽刺在戏剧中是很突出的艺术表现手法，在18世纪讽刺又找到了一个强有力的媒介，这一文艺形式因而得到充分发展，这一形式就是小说，18世纪英国开始盛行讽刺主义小说。back,在启蒙运动思想的影响下,在18世纪英国工商业
2、发展的推动下,兴起了英国现实主义小说.它在形式上继承和发展了先前的文学传统,而英国小说家笛福、理查逊和菲尔丁的努力,则使其以新颖的风格,显示出独特的魅力和强大的生命力.back,18世纪的英国戏剧集中思考人与社会、人与人、人与自然之间的关系,确立了典型的资产阶级戏剧伦理学,即重商主义的经济伦理、利已主义的生活伦理、感伤主义的自然伦理.这些颇具现代意识的伦理学向度,驱动了资本主义发展的车轮,同时整合了新时代的人际关系,通向了未来的生态社会主义.,The Reasons,The Flourishing of Reading Among English Common People in the 18
3、th Century The Revolution of 1688British Industrial Revolution and World Industrial Hegemony,Some famous writers,Daniel Defoe(1660-1731)Robert Burns(1759-1796)Jonathan Swift(1667-1745),Defoe led an active life as a journalist and political pamphleteer.More than once his opinions carried him into pri
4、son.His most famous work is Robinson Crusoe.The first part of the novel relates that,against the advice of his father,Robinson wishes to pursue his livelihood by going to sea.He does so and after a false start has some success but a third voyage ends in slavery.He eventually escapes and is helped to
5、 Brazil where he becomes a successful plantation owner.He embarks on a slave gathering expedition to West Africa but is shipwrecked off the coast of Venezuela in a terrible storm.The bulk of the novel attends to Robinsons life on the island how he accomplishes his survival and even establishes his k
6、ingdom;how he moves from a frantic state of discontent to one of resignation and contentment;how he meets Friday and,finally,how he leaves the island.Though anticlimactic,the third part of the novel traces Robinsons securing of wealth through the honesty and loyalty of friends,his return to England,
7、travels through the continent and a last trip to his island to see how those he left there fared.back,Robert Burns(1759 1796)was a poet and a lyricist.He is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland,and is celebrated worldwide.He is the best-known of the poets who have written in the Scots la
8、nguage,although much of his writing is also in English and a light Scots dialect which would have been accessible to a wider audience than simply Scottish people.At various times in his career,he wrote in English,and in these pieces,his political or civil commentary is often at its most blunt.,Burns
9、 is regarded as a pioneer of the Romantic movement and after his death became a great source of inspiration to the founders of both liberalism and socialism.His poem(and song)Auld Lang Syne is often sung at Hogmanay(New Year),and Scots Wha Hae served for a long time as an unofficial national anthem
10、of the country.Other poems and songs of Burns that remain well-known across the world today,include A Red,Red Rose,A Mans A Man for A That,To a Louse,To a Mouse,The Battle of Sherramuir,and Ae Fond Kiss.back,should auld acquaintance be forgot,and never brought to mind?should auld acquaintance be for
11、got,and auld lang syne!for auld lang syne,my dear,for auld lang syne,well tak a cup o kindness yet,for auld lang syne.and surely yell be your pint stowp!and surely Ill be mine!and well tak a cup o kindness yet,for auld lang syne.for auld lang syne,my dear,for auld lang syne,well tak a cup o kindness
12、 yet,for auld lang syne.we twa hae run about the braes,and poud the gowans fine;but weve wanderd mony a weary fitsin auld lang syne.for auld lang syne,my dear,for auld lang syne,well tak a cup o kindness yet,for auld lang syne.,we twa hae paidld in the burn,frae morning sun till dine;but seas betwee
13、n us briad hae roardsin auld lang syne.for auld lang syne,my dear,for auld lang syne,well tak a cup o kindness yet,for auld lang syne.and theres a hand,my trusty fere!and gies a hand o thine!and well tak a right gude-willie waught,for auld lang syne.back,Jonathan Swift(1667-1745),as a representative
14、 satirical writer,his novels have too much hideous humanity to figure out,such as breaking out promise,ignorant and superficiality,laziness and corruption.All these originated from the degeneration of peoples morality.His novels express his own chasing to the ideal humanity and morality.First publis
15、hed in 1726,Gullivers Travels remains one of the most exciting fantasy adventures ever written.When Lemuel Gulliver sets off from London on a sea voyage,little does he know the many incredible and unbelievable misadventures awaiting him.Shipwrecked at sea and nearly drowned,he washes ashore upon an
16、exotic island called Lilliput-where the people are only six inches tall!Next he visits a land of incredible giants called Brobdingnag.They are more than sixty feet tall!He travels to Laputa,a city that floats in the sky,and to Glubbdubdrib,the Island of Sorcerers.His final voyage brings him into contact with the Yahoos-a brutish race of subhumans-and an intelligent and virtuous race of horse,the Houyhnhnms.,Thank you for watching!,
