《高级英语09_mirror of america.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高级英语09_mirror of america.ppt（92页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、Lesson 9,Mark Twain-Mirror of America,Objectives of Teaching:,To comprehend the whole textTo learn and master the vocabulary and expressionsTo learn to paraphrase the difficult sentencesTo understand the structure of the textTo appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.,5 aspects of our discu
2、ssion,Background informationType of writingStructural analysisDetailed study Rhetorical devices,I.Background Information:,1.Mark Twain(1835-1910)Mark Twain was the pseudonym of Samuel Langhorne Clemens,the American humorist and writer.The phrase“mark twain”,meaning“2 fathoms deep”(12 feet),was emplo
3、yed in making soundings on the Mississippi river boats to show the navigable depth.He was the author of popular and outstanding autobiographical works,travel books and novels.,I.Background Information:,The first 36 years of Clemens life as a boy in a little town in Mississippi,as a reporter on the f
4、ar western frontier and as a traveler abroad supplied him with copious material which he used later for his best and most successful writings.Among his well-known works are Innocents Abroad,Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn.,I.Background Information:,2.National Geographic Magazine,with a circulation o
5、f more than 10 million copies annually,is the third biggest only next to TV Guide and Readers Digest(more than 16 million).It is a monthly journal run by the National Geographic Society based in Washington DC,a non-profit scientific and educational organization.,I.Background Information:,3.A brief o
6、utline of TomTom lives with his younger brother Sid and Aunt Polly in St.Petersburg,a remote town on the banks of the Mississippi river.While his brother Sid is a“model”boy,Tom is quite the opposite of his brother.,I.Background Information:,At school he disobeys his teacher and always busies himself
7、 with outside matters at the lessons.Toms bosom friend is Huck Finn,a boy deserted by his drunkard of a father and looked upon as an outcast in the town.,I.Background Information:,But Tom has read many books and wants to make his life just as bright as it is depicted in the stories.He devises games
8、in which the boys play the role of brave outlaws and warlike Red Indians who are the terror of the rich and the oppressors.,I.Background Information:,One night the boys involuntarily witness the murder of Dr.Robinson.An innocent man is charged with the crime.But on the day of the trial Tom fearlessl
9、y exposes the real criminal the Indian Joe who escapes through an open window of the courtroom.,I.Background Information:,Another night,the boys went out to dig for hidden treasures near a deserted house three miles from town.There they almost fall into the hands of the murderer who accidentally fin
10、ds a box filled with gold coins.,I.Background Information:,Shortly after the incident Tom goes to a picnic with a party of schoolmates.Exploring a cave,he gets lost with Becky Thatcher,the daughter of the Judge.Tom behaves like a brave boy,calms Beckys fears and finds the way out of the cave.,I.Back
11、ground Information:,In a few days time Tom and Huck return to the cave.They find the dead body of the murderer,who could not have found the way out of the cave and also the hidden treasures.,I.Background Information:,4.A brief outline of HuckTom and Huck find the money.They each get six thousand dol
12、lars,which they deposit with Judge Thatcher.The Widow Douglas takes Huck for her son and tries to“civilize”him.,I.Background Information:,In the meantime,Hucks father tries to get the money and succeeds in kidnapping the boy and imprisons him in a lonely cabin.To free himself from both the boring wi
13、dow and the brutal father,Huck runs away to a deserted island in the middle of the Mississippi river.,I.Background Information:,In doing so,he makes it appear that he has been murdered by some robbers.On the island he meets Jim,Miss Watsons runaway slave,and the two become close friends.,I.Backgroun
14、d Information:,They started down the river,come across all sorts of people and have lots of fun and adventures.Toward the end of the novel Jim is caught and imprisoned at a farm,and Huck and Tom make a spectacular but unsuccessful attempt to rescue him.,I.Background Information:,At last it turns out
15、 that Hucks father has died and Miss Watson has also died,but not before setting Jim free in her will.,II.Writing Type:Biography,A biography is,by definition,an account of someones life that has been written by someone else.Or a written history of someones life.Generally,a biography is about sb.who
16、enjoys certain reputation,who has acquired certain fame by his/her success in certain area.The protagonist can be a positive or negative character.,III.Structural Analysis,Part 1:(the 1st para.):IntroductionPart 2:(Paras 2-19):his experiences and careerSection 1.(paras2-3):the setting,background kno
17、wledge.Section 2.(paras4-6):early years of life on the Mississippi and as a Confederate guerrilla Section 3.(paras7-13):On his way to successSection 4.(paras14-19):Comments on his best works.Part 3:(paras 20-22):Personal tragedy and conclusion,IV.Detailed study of the title,1.Mirror of America:1).A
18、mirror:a person or a thing which reflects or reveals the truth of something or somebody.2)Mark Twain-Mirror of America:-Mark Twains life and works are a reflection of the America of his time 3).Figure of speech:metaphor,IV.Detailed study of part 1,2.Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father.a
19、nd adventure.1).Rhetorical devices:Metaphor:Father:the author who creates Huck Finn.Hyperbole:Endless/eternal:everlasting Parallelism:The whole sentence:.,IV.Detailed study of part 1,2).idyllic:i/ai a simple happy period of life,often in the countryan idyllic setting,holiday,marriage 3).cruise:A cru
20、ise is a holiday during which you travel on a ship and visit lots of places.When it is used as a verb,it means to move at a constant speed that is comfortable and unhurried.He was on a world cruise.They spent the summer cruising in the Greek islands.,IV.Detailed study of part 1:,4)the meaning of the
21、 whole sentence:Mark Twain is famous to most Americans as the creator of Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer.Hucks sailing/travel on the river was so light-hearted,carefree and peaceful that it made his boyhood seem to be infinite,while Toms independent mind and his exciting and dangerous activities made the s
22、ummer seem everlasting.,Detailed study of part 1:,2.I found another Twain as wella black wall of night.1).cynical:A cynical person believes that all men are selfish.He sees little or no good in anything and shows this by making unkind and unfair remarks about people and things.cynic:n.a person who b
23、elieves that people do not do things for good,sincere or noble reasons,but only for their own advantage a cynical remark,attitude,smile,Detailed study of part 1:,2).deal,dealt:to give,to give out,to strike,to distributeWho deals the cards next?to deal sb.a blow 3)obsess:to worry continuously and unn
24、ecessarily.If sth.obsesses you or if you are obsessed with it or by it,you keep thinking about it over a long period of time,and find it difficult to think about anything else.She is obsessed by the desire to become a great actress.,Detailed study of part 1,4).frailty:a weakness of character or beha
25、viour.One of the frailties of human nature is laziness.That chair looks too frail to take a mans weight.There is only a frail chance that he will pass the examination.5)Obsessed with the frailties of the human race:continually distressed by the moral weakness of the human race.,Detailed study of par
26、t 2:section 1,Section 1(para2-3)1 tramp:a person who has no home or permanent job and very little money.A woman who is thought to have sex with a lot of men is cursed to be a tramp.Theres a tramp at the door begging for food.2.pilot:a person who with special knowledge of a particular stretch of wate
27、r,esp.the entrance of a harbour,and who is trained and specially employed to go on board and guide ships that use it.,Detailed study of part 2:section 1,3.prospector:a person who examines the land in order to find gold,oil,etc.4.starry:full of stars in the sky,indicating sparkling,glowing,and flashi
28、ng.starry-eyed:full of unreasonable or silly hopes.If you are starry-eyed,you are so full of dreams or hopes or idealistic thoughts that you do not see how things really are.We were all starry-eyed about visiting London.5.acid-tongued:If sb.is acid-tongued,he makes unkind or critical remarks.,Detail
29、ed study of part 2:section 1,6.range:to travel without any definite plan or destination7.digest:If you digest information,you think about it,understand it,and remember it.The report contains too much to digest at one reading.He reads rapidly but does not digest very much.,Detailed study of part 2:se
30、ction 1,8.adopt:to take and use as ones ownThe US decided to adopt a hard line towards terrorism.Having no children of their own,they decided to adopt an orphan/dog.adopt a name,a custom,an idea,a style of dress adept:n,(in sth);(at/in doing sth)Hes an adept in carpentry.adapt:to make sth suitable f
31、or a new use,situation,etc.This novel has been adapted for TV from the Russian original.Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark.,Detailed study of part 2:section 1,9.signal:a sign,gesture,sound,etc.that conveys a messagea signal made with a red flagShe flashed the torch as a signal.They signaled their d
32、iscontent by refusing to vote.This is an event signaling a change in public opinion.10.attest:to show to be true,to give proof of,to declare solemnlyHistoric documents and ancient tombstones all attest to the fact that this is a historic battlefield.,Detailed study of part 2:section 1,11.artery:bloo
33、d vessel that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body(动脉)vein:any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to the heart(静脉)artery:main road,main channel.(metaphor)merce:the buying and selling of goods,trade.Commerce=commodities(synecdoche),Detailed study of part 2:section
34、1,13.delta country:Delta is the 4th letter of the Greek alphabet,which is shaped like a triangle.Therefore anything in the shape of a delta,esp.a deposit of sand and soil formed at the mouth of some rivers is called a delta.14.molasses:a thick dark to light brown syrup that is separated from raw sug
35、ar(糖浆)cf:syrup:a thick sticky solution of sugar and water,often flavoured(糖液=糖+水),Detailed study of part 2:section 1,15.westward expansion:When America became independent,there were only 13 states along the Atlantic Ocean.By 1850,the United States had expanded to the Pacific coast.Events in this wes
36、tward expansion include:The massacre of the native Indians(对土著印第安人的大屠杀)The 1803 Louisiana Purchase from Napoleons France.(1803年路易斯安那购地)The 1845 Texas Annexation(得克萨斯兼并)The 1848 Mexican Cession(墨西哥领土割让)Also the California Gold Rush in 1848(淘金热),Detailed study of part 2:section 1,16.basin:the Yellow R
37、iver BasinThe basin made up 3/4 of the populated area of the US of that time.17.drain:to cause to become gradually dry or emptyBoil the vegetable for 2 minutes and then drain the water.brain drain:movement of trained technical and scientific personnel for one county to another(because of better oppo
38、rtunities)人才外流,Detailed study of part 2:section 2,Section 2:paras 4-61.cub:the young of various types of meat-eating wild animals,such as lion,bear;Here it means inexperienced youth.2.cast of characters:the cast of a play or a film consists of all the people who act in it.Here it means:people of all
39、 sorts.Rhetorical device:alliteration,Detailed study of part 2:section 2,3.cosmos:the whole universe considered as an ordered system.here it means a place where one can find all types of people rhetorical device:hyperbole4.feud:long-lasting and bitter quarrel or dispute between two people or groupst
40、he feud between Romeos family and Juliets,Detailed study of part 2:section 2,5.piracy:robbery of ships on the high seaspirate:a robber on the high seas copy right piracy 盗版6.lynch:(esp.of a crowd of people)to attack and put to death,esp.by hanging,a person thought to be guilty of a crime without a l
41、awful trial私刑处死7.slum:an area of a city where living conditions are very bad and where all the houses are overcrowded and need to be repaired.,Detailed study of part 2:section 2,8.soak up:to draw in by or as if by suction or absorption The soil soaked up a huge volume of water very rapidly.he absorb
42、ed and digested the colourful language with an astonishing good memory which seemed to be able to record things like a phonograph/gramophone.,Detailed study of part 2:section 2,9.teem withIf a place teems with animals or people,it is very crowded and the animals or people are moving around a lot.The
43、 water teems with fish and shrimps.His mind teems with plans.10.humanity:human beings in general,Detailed study of part 2:section 2,11.flotsam:rubbish,wreckage such as bits of wood,plastic,and other waste materials that is floating on the sea,parts of a wrecked ship or its cargo found floating in th
44、e sea.Here it refers to lawless people or social outcasts(社会残渣或是被社会驱逐的人)12.hustler:streetwalker,prostitute13.thug:a person who is very violent and rough,esp.a criminal,hooligan or villain,Detailed study of part 2:section 2,14.keen:a.sharp My hearing is not as keen as it used to be.He has a keen brai
45、n.15.perception:natural understanding extra sensory perceptionperceive:realize,notice,see or hear sth.esp.when it is not obvious to other peopleJust as a good artist must have good perception of colour,a good musician must have good perception of sound.Alcohol reduces your perception of pain.,Detail
46、ed study of part 2:section 2,16.trade:job,esp.one needing special skill with the handsI am a fisherman by trade.They work in the cotton/tourist/shoemaking/jewellery trade.trade union,Detailed study of part 2:section 2,17.acknowledge:recognize the fact,agree to the truth.If you acknowledge a fact or
47、situation,you accept or admit that it is true or that it exists.This is a fact even our enemies abroad have to acknowledge.He is an acknowledged expert on antique-examination.,Detailed study of part 2:section 2,express thanks for sth.His services to the country were never officially acknowledged.ack
48、nowledgement:We are sending you some money in acknowledgement of your valuable help.If you quote somebodys theory,you must send him your acknowledgement.,Detailed study of part 2:section 2,18.acquaint:cause to know personally,make familiar with,You must acquainted yourself with your new duties.be ac
49、quainted withI have heard about your friend but I am not acquainted with him.,Detailed study of part 2:section 2,make acquaintance of sb./make sbs acquaintanceWhere did you make his acquaintance?Very pleased to have made your acquaintance.nodding acquaintance/bowing acquaintance,Detailed study of pa
50、rt 2:section 2,19.motley:having or composed of many different or clashing elementsa motley crowd/crew,ie a group of many different types of people20.band:a group of people joined together for a common purpose(derog.),Detailed study of part 2:section 3,Section 3:paras 7-13 1.succumb:1).(fml)stop resi
