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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上中考英语语法考点总结专心-专注-专业中考英语语法考点总结冠词和名词知识清单冠词一、 不定冠词a/an的用法1、 用于第一次提到的某人或者某物。This is a nook.2、 泛指人或物的类别，用于区别其它种类。A plane is a machine that can fly.3、 泛指某人或者某物。A girl is waiting for you.4、 用于表示时间、速度、价格等名词之前，表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。two kilometres an hourfive lessons a week.5、 不定冠词与序数词连用，表示“又一、再一”。Th
2、e cake is delicious, and I would like a second one.6、 不定冠词用在某些被具体化的物质名词或者抽象名词前，表示“一次、一场、一顿”等。There will be a strong wind in the south of China.His new book was a great success.Oh, John. What a great surprise you gave us!7、用于某些固定词组中。have a good time 玩得开心in a hurry 匆忙for a while 一会儿二、 定冠词the的用法1、 表示双方
3、都知道的人或事物。Give me the book, please.2、 表示特指的或上下文提到过的人或物。Do you know the girl in red?I have a book. The book is interesting.3、 表示世界上独一无二的事物。The earth moves around the sun.4、 用在序数词、形容词最高级以及对特定的两个名词进行比较时的比较级前面。The first lesson is very easy.She is the most careful student in our class.He is the younger of
4、 the two boys.5、 用在姓氏的复数名词前表示一家人。The Greens are watching TV now.6、 用在单数可数名词前表示一类人或物。The orange is orange.7、 用在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前，或用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。the Great Wall 长城the United States 美国8、 与某些形容词连用，表示一类人。The rich should help the poor.9、 用在表示方位或西洋乐器名称的名词前。Jilin province is in the north-east of China.I
5、 like playing the piano.10、 用在某些固定词组中。in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上at the same time 同时by the way 顺便问一下in the end 最后三、 零冠词的用法1、 不可数名词和复数名词表示泛指时前面用零冠词。Man cant live without water.Horses are domestic animals.2、 某些专有名词，如人民、地名、国家名等，前面用零冠词。China is a great country.Mary lives in New York.3、 名词
6、前已有限定词，如物主代词、名词所有格、指示代词等修饰时，用零冠词。Every student likes English in our class.4、 用在表示日期、星期、月份、季节等词的前面，但若特指某年的某个季节，要在季节前加the。June 1st is Childrens Day.Spring comes after winter.That event happened in the spring of 1932.5、 称呼或者表示头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补语时用零冠词。This is Professor Li.Whats wrong, Granny?6、 三餐、球类及学科名词前用
7、零冠词。I went to school without breakfast this morning.He often plays basketball after school.Of all the subjects, I like English best.7、 与by连用的交通工具名词前用零冠词。by car; by train注意：但take a car, in a boat, on the bike等短语中的交通工具前需要用冠词。8、 公共假日、节日名称前用零冠词。New Years Day 元旦Womens Day 妇女节9、 某些固定词组中用零冠词。at noon/night/
8、dawnin dangerin timeday and night名词一、 名词的分类名词按其所表示的事物性质可分为可数名词与不可数名词。具体情况见下表：类别意义例词专有名词表示人、地方、事物、机构等名称的词China，Lucy普通名词可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物的词book,dog集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的词family,class不可数名词物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词rice, water抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词love, health二、 可数名词的复数形式1、 可数名词变复数规则如下：情况构成方法例词一般情况加-scake-cakes da
9、y-days以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的词加-esbus-buses watches以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i，再加-esbaby-babies 以f或fe结尾的词变f和fe为v，再加esleaf-leaves life-lives以-o结尾的词有生命的加-espotato-potatoes hero-heroes无生命的加-sphoto-photos piano-pianos不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母man-men foot-feet单复数形式相同sheep-sheep deer-deer其它形式child-children mouse-mice2、 某国人变复数的规
10、则如下： 单复数相同Chinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese 由-man构成的复合名词Englishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-Frenchmen注意：German-Germans 以(i)an结尾的名词American-AmericansArab-ArabsEgyptian-EgyptiansAustralian-Australians某国人变复数的口诀：中日不变、英法变，其余-s加后面。三、名词所有格1、名词所有格表示名词之间的所属关系，有两种表达形式：s所有格和of所有格。Beijing is Chinas capital.=Beijing i
11、s the capital of China.2、用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系，这时只在最后一个名词后加s；表示分别拥有各自的物品时，两个名词在词尾都加s。This is Mary and her sisters bedroom.These are Toms and Marys bags.3、 以s结尾的复数名词，构成所有格时，在后面加上；不以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加上s。Teachers DayChildrens Day4、 of所有格主要用于表示无生命的东西。the door of the roomthe leaves of the tree5、 表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等
12、名称时，常在名词后面加上s，表示该处所。at the doctors=at the doctors office6、 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可以用s所有格。todays newsten minutes walk/ride/drive7、 双重所有格有两种形式：of+名词所有格；of+名词性物主代词。He is a friend of my brothers.Is she a daughter of yours?难点突破一、 不定冠词a和an的区别a用在以辅音因素开头的单词前；an用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。There is a supermarket near my ho
13、me.There is an “f” in the word “five”.特别提醒：1、 判断一个单词是以原因因素开头，还是以辅音音素开头，要根据其读音，而不是根据字母。2、 在26个字母中，前面用an的字母有：a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x，其余前面用a。3、 以字母u开头的单词要特别注意：an umbrella; an unusual story; a university二、 有些短语中用冠词和不用冠词的意义区别go to school 上学（是学生）go to the school 到学校去 （不一定是学生）go to bed 上床睡觉go to
14、 the bed 向床边走去at table 在吃饭at the table 在桌子旁边at school 在上学at the school 在学校里in class 在上课in the class 在班级里in front of 在（外部的）前面in the front of 在（内部）的前面三、 同一名词可数与不可数意义的区别有些名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，但意义有所不同。fish 鱼（可数名词）fish 鱼肉（不可数名词）chicken 鸡（可数名词）chicken 鸡肉（不可数名词）paper 试卷（可数名词）paper 纸（不可数名词）glass 玻璃杯（可数名词）glass
15、玻璃（不可数名词）room 房间（可数名词）room 空间（不可数名词）四、 复合形容词中名词的形式“数词+名词（形容词）”构成的复合形容词中的名词不能用复数形式，必须用单数形式。She is a five-year-old girl.a 100-metre race五、 双重所有格与of所有格的区别a friend of his mothers 他妈妈的一个朋友the friend of his mother 他妈妈的朋友六、 名词作定语时的形式1、 名词作定语时，一般用单数形式，但sports例外。paper tigers 纸老虎apple trees 苹果树work places 工作场
16、所sports shoes 运动鞋2、 当man和woman作定语时，被修饰的名词变成复数时，man和woman也要变成复数形式；如果是其它词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。man teacher-men teacherswoman doctor-women doctorsboy student-boy students解题秘诀1、解决冠词类题目时，首先要搞清楚句子中的名词时单数还是复数，是特指还是泛指，注意复数名词、不可数名词表示泛指时不用任何冠词，单数名词前常加不定冠词。2、解决名词类题目时，遵循语义优先原则，四个备选项在语法结构上不存在差异，而在语义上虽然比较接近，但毕竟存在差
17、异。易错题型1. Donald Trump, 71-year-old business man, was chosen President of the US last year.A. a; aB. a; /C. the; aD. the; the2. -When will car race begin?-Im not sure. Maybe next week, or maybe week after next.A. a; theB. an; theC. the; aD. the; the3. -Are you leaving now? Having dinner with you was
18、great fun. -Thanks a lot, but I have to make early start tomorrow morning.A. /; anB. a; anC. /; theD. a; the4. -Can you remember when Mr. Green left city? -Sorry, I cant. I only remember it was Monday.A. a; aB. the; theC. a; theD. the; a5. -Do you see Audi car parked here? -Is it black one? A young
19、man has driven it away.A. an; a B.the; the C.the; a D.an; the6. We will see even stronger China in near future.A. a; the B. an; the C. the; a D. an; a7. Tom wants to study at_university in Europe, but hasnt decided which one to go to yet.A. anB. aC. theD. /8. - My son seldom has breakfast.- It is un
20、healthy habit. You must ask him to change it.A. /; an B. the; an C. /; a D. the; a9. Tong Liya is _ famous actress who acted as a country woman in _1970s in the TV showOrdinary World.A. a; / B. a; theC. the; the D. the; /10. -Hasthelittlegirlpassed_P.E.test?-Shehastriedtwice,andtheteacherwillallowhe
21、rtohave_thirdtry.A.the;/B.a;theC.the;aD.the;the参考答案1-5 BDAA6-10 BBABC中考英语语法考点总结代词和数词知识清单代词一、 人称代词1、 人称代词的主格在句中充当主语。I love my country.She is a good student.2、 人称代词的宾格在句中充当宾语或者表语。I dont know her.His mother is waiting for him outside.-Who is it?-Its me.3、 人称代词的语序几个人称代词并列作主语时，它们的顺序如下：单数形式（二、三、一） you, he
22、/she/it and I复数形式（一、二、三）we, you and they二、 物主代词1、 形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语，不能单独使用。His parents are both office workers.My name is Jack.2、 名词性物主代词常用来代替前面出现过的名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。This is my dictionary. Where is yours?My idea is different from hers.三、 反身代词1、 反身代词用于动作发出者将动作反作用于本身，反身代词常用作宾语或者同位语。The little boy is
23、too young to look after himself.I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party.The children made model planes themselves.2、 反身代词的常见词组teach oneself 自学learn by oneself 自学enjoy oneself 玩得开心help yourself to 随便吃by oneself 独自四、 代词it的用法1、 指代前面提到过的事物。This is not my book. It is Jims.2、 用来指代婴儿或者身份不明的人。Someone i
24、s knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is.3、 指时间或者季节。It is ten oclock now.4、 指天气。It is sunny today.5、 指距离。How far is it from your school to your home?6、 作形式主语，常用于下列句型中： It is+adj.+(for/of sb.) to do sth.“做某事对某人来说是怎么样的”。Its nice of you to help me so much.It is important for us to work hard.
25、 Its time to do/for/that.“该做某事了”。Its time to get up/for lunch/that we went home. It seems that.“看起来似乎”。It seems that he is quite happy. Its ones turn to do.“轮到某人做某事”。Its your turn to sing. Its+adj.+that从句It is necessary that you should be present at the meeting.7、 作形式宾语。形式宾语的常见结构为：think/feel/find+it
26、+adj./n.+to do sth.。Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line?五、 指示代词1、 this/these指代距离较近的事物或者下文要提到的事物。This is my pen.These are my books.Please remember this: No pains, no gains.2、 that/those指代距离较远的事物或者上文提到过的事物。Thats her bike.He was ill. That was why he didnt go to school.3、 打电话时，用this介绍自己，t
27、hat询问对方。This is Mike speaking.Whos that?特别提醒：it特指上文提到的同一个事物，同类且同物；one泛指上文提及到的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同物；that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到过的可数名词单数或者不可数名词，以避免重复，代替复数名词时用those。The book is mine. It is very interesting.-Who has a pen?-I have one.The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.六、 不定代词1、 some与any
28、表示“一些”时，some和any既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句中，用于疑问句中表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表示请求和建议；any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。You will find some books in the box.I need some stamps. Are there any in your bag?Would you like some rice for dinner?2、 many和muchmany指代可数名词复数；much指代不可数名词。Many of us have seen the film.I know much about
29、it.3、 either和neithereither表示“两者中任何一个”；neither指两个人或物中任何一个都不。I have two pens, but I dont like either of them.Neither of the books is good.4、 both、all和noneboth表示“两者都”，all指三者或者三者以上都；none指三者或者三者以上都不，常用来回答how many/much引出的问题。Both of my parents are farmers.All of us should go there.None of the students in o
30、ur class can work out the maths problem.-How much rice do you need?-None.5、 each和everyeach是不定代词，在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语、同位语或者定语，表示“每一个”；every是限定词，在句中用作定语。Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt.Every student has passed the exam.6、 a little, little, a few和fewa little（一点儿）和little（几乎没有）用来修饰不可数名词；a few（一些）和few（几乎没有）用
31、来修饰可数名词。Would you please buy some salt for me, Tony? There is little left.A few students are playing basketball on the playground.7、 the other, another, other, others, the others不定代词意义用法说明the other两者中另一个常与one连用，构成“one.the other.”；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“其余的全部”。another三者或以上中另一个指代三者或者以上中另一个。other另外的只用作定语，常与复数名词
32、连用，但如果前面有表示单数意义的限定词（this, that, any, one, my等），则与可数名词单数或者不可数名词连用。others泛指别的人或物泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定语，相当于“other+复数名词”，常与some连用，构成“some.others.”。the others特指其余的人或物特指其余所有的人或物，相当于“the other+名词复数”。七、 复合不定代词复合不定代词为：somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, nothing, everybody, everyone
33、, everything。Do you have anything special to tell me today?Listen to me, boys and girls. I have something to tell you.数词一、 基数词的表达1、 基数词1-12是独立单词，需逐个记忆。基数词13-19是在个位数后加上teen，其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen属不规则变化。整十基数词20至90是在整十基数词后面加上ty构成，其中twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty属不规则变化。非整十基数词21至99是在整十基数词后面加
34、上个位数构成，中间加上连字符“-”。73 seventy-three88 eighty-eight2、 三位数以上的基数词，在百位数和十位数之间一般要用连词and。1,342 one thousand, three hundred and forty-two3、 英语中没有“万”和“亿”这两个基数词，在表示“万”和“亿”时，要按十进位法来推算。10,000 ten thousand100,000,000 a hundred million4、 hundred, thousand, million, billion这些词前面如有表示具体数字的词，它们末尾不能加“s”，且不能与of连用；反之则在末
35、尾加上s，与of连用。three hundred peoplethousands of people二、 基数词的用法1、 用基数词表示编号。Lesson Five 第五课Room 801 801房间Page Twelve 第十二页Class One, Grade Three 三年级一班2、 表示百分数用基数词。Thirty percent of it is water.3、“数词+名词（形容词）”构成的复合形容词中的名词不能用复数形式，必须用单数形式。A twenty-year-old girl is behind me.4、in the+整十基数词的复数形式/所有格形式，表示年代。in t
36、he 1870s/1870s 在19世纪70年代5、 in ones+整十的复数，表示某人的大概年龄。The young man is in his early thirties.三、 序数词的构成1、序数词1-3是独立的单词。first, second, third2、基数词4-19是在基数词后面加-th构成，其中fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, thirteenth, fifteenth是不规则变化。fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth
37、, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth3、整十的基数词20-90变序数词时，变y为i再加“eth”。twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eighties, ninetieth4、21以上非整十基数词变序数词时，只需将其个位数变成序数词，其它位数仍用基数词。twenty-first, seventy-sixth, two hundred and eighty-eighth四、 序数词的用法1、 序数词主
38、要用作定语和表语，前面一般要加定冠词the。The fifth lesson is very easy o learn.Zhang Hua is always the first to come and the last to leave.2、 序数词和定冠词连用，表示顺序；和不定冠词连用，表示“又一、再一”；和零冠词连用，表示名次，起副词作用。He failed twice, but he tried a third time.Lily came second in the race.3、 表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子大于1，表示分母的序数词要用复数形式。Two fifth
39、s of the books are mine.4、 日期的表达2014年7月22日 22nd July, 2014= July 22nd, 20145、 数词前加every，表示“每隔一段时间”。every ten days 每隔十天every fourth week 每隔三周难点突破1、复合不定代词被形容词修饰时的位置当形容词或者else修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或者else要放在复合不定代词后面。Xiao Ming, I have something important to tell you.We need one more helper. Can you find anyone el
40、se?2、不定代词和of连用anyone和everyone只能指人，不可以与of连用；any one，every one既可以指人，也可以指物，可以与of连用。I would like everyone/every one to be happy.I have kept every one of her letters.I have a lot of books and you can borrow any one of them.解题秘诀1、 解决代词类题目时，首先明确代词所指代的对象是人还是物；可数还是不可数；特指还是泛指；两者还是三者及以上；肯定还是否定。2、 熟记基数词和序数词的拼写，
41、弄清楚基数词和序数词的基本用法和运用场合，重点掌握一些数词的特殊用法。易错题型1. I turned to bookshops and libraries looking for information and found .A. noneB. nothingC. bothD. neither2. Tonys mum looks young and beautiful. its hard to imagine she is already in her .A. fiftiesB. fiftyC. fiftiethsD. fiftieth3. -Somebody is at the door.
42、Could you go and answer it? -Why ? I am busy now. Sally is sitting on the sofa doing nothing.A. meB. IC. himD. her4. - Just a minute, Tom. Is this the report you need to hand in today?- Oh, yes, Mum. I thought I had put in my schoolbag. Thank you.A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything5. -
43、Have you got any books on English grammar? I want to borrow .-Yes, here you are. But you must return it by Friday.A. oneB. it C. someD. that6. -Oh, the traffic is too heavy.-Lets change _way to the airport.A. other B. others C. the other D. another7. - Have you got anything to do this afternoon, Lucy or Lily? - Yes. _ of us are going to the home for the elderly.A. EachB. Either C. Both D. All8. -How many birds can you see in the tree?-_. All the birds have flown away.A. None B. No one C. Nothing D. A few9. They have provided several ways to solve the problem. We can choo
