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1、GPS测量实习报告姓名 学号 专业测绘工程 班级 实习课程名称 指导教师 开课学期 至 学年 学期目录1 作业过程21.1 GPS静态测量 21.2三等水准测量 21.3 RTK测量 31.4土地利用现状调查 32 平差报告42.1点连式三维自由网平差报告 42.2边点混合式三维自由网平差报告112.3高差赋配表213 RTK测量结果224 土地利用调差图斑分割结果 235 实习心得 241 作业过程1.1 GPS静态测量GPS静态测量首先要选点并布设网型，点要选在开阔、无遮挡物、无电磁波干扰、交通方便的地方，以保证对卫星的连续跟踪观测和卫星信号的质量，并且便于以后的观测作业和应用。GPS网的
2、布设应尽量覆盖整个测区，不要过密或者过疏，GPS网三条边边长应相差不大，夹角应介于25度到135度之间。在保证质量的前提下，GPS网设计应尽可能地提高效率、降低成本。接下来就是进行外业观测，实习中我们采用同步观测相对定位的方法，三台接收机同步观测采集数据，观测时间为40分钟，按预先设定的GPS网依次推进。安置仪器是应注意将仪器安置在测量点上，高度适中，踏实脚架再对中整平，量取天线高时量测点位表面到天线护圈中心的高度。接收机正常工作后不能触动仪器，也不能在仪器旁使用对讲机和手机，避免无线电干扰卫星信号。外业观测完成后将对采集到的数据进行内业处理，实习过程中我们采用HGO软件进行基线解算。1.2
3、三等水准测量三等水准测量我们沿GPS网点布设附合水准路线，测量时应注意安置水准仪的测站至前、后视立尺点的距离要量距使其相等，每站按规范读数并记录所需数据，随即进行各项计算，填写记录表进行各项检查，满足限差后才能搬站。依次设站，用相同的方法进行观测，直至线路终点，计算线路的高差闭合差。测量工作完成后进行平差计算。1.3 RTK测量RTK测量时应将基准站接收机架设在开阔并且相对较高的地方，架设好电台和天线后连接电缆并开机，启动基准站后用手部与其连接，在手部中新建项目并配置坐标系，然后再回到主界面选择平滑，设置电文模式、差分模式和天线高。再将手部与移动站连接，回到主界面设置数据，与连接基准站的数据一
4、样。设置完成后即可选择两个已知点进行基线解算，解算合格后就可以移动移动站进行测量。测量完成后可将数据导出进行内业处理。1.4 土地利用现状调查土地利用现状调查需要预先准备调查范围的遥感影像，通过目视判读影像在图中选取分布均匀、遍布全区的特征点，利用RTK测量方法对选取的特征点进行测量，再根据测量的数据遥感影像的矫正，导出高分辨率图像。在南方CASS中打开矫正后的图像，选取特征点对影像进行配准，完成影像配准后，选择主菜单中的土地利用/ 图斑/ 绘制图斑，在图上，通过目视判别把同一类地物沿边界画出来，完成土地利用分类。然后带着导出的图像到实地考察，对不合理的地方进行标注，回来后又更改修正。2 平差
5、报告2.1 点连式三维自由网平差报告基线条数:33平差点数:23基线标准差置信度(松弛因子):10.00Tau检验显著水平:1.00%单位权中误差比:0.0359x2检验值:1.1855x2理论范围:15.8154 - 57.6484x2检验结果:False1.输入的基线及标准差基线名TauDX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)中误差_DX(mm)中误差_DY(mm)中误差_DZ(mm)GP011704.zsd-GP021704.zsd是108.913094.7551-145.75283.78.93.7GP011704.zsd-GP031704.zsd是-46.6423190.3057-400.360
6、44.06.94.0GP021704.zsd-GP031704.zsd是-155.554995.5557-254.60734.310.44.1GP021703.zsd-GP041703.zsd是-85.3398121.2559-276.75744.97.93.9GP021703.zsd-GP061703.zsd是230.718674.1729-44.30856.811.05.5GP041703.zsd-GP061703.zsd是316.0573-47.0819232.44708.012.66.1GP051700.zsd-GP101700.zsd是186.7755-60.4488206.8905
7、6.410.56.3GP051700.zsd-GP111700.zsd是259.5248142.2241-169.15295.37.85.2GP061701.zsd-GP071701.zsd是7.0769-73.0513151.826213.223.611.3GP061701.zsd-GP101701.zsd是156.8082-14.305397.12216.712.95.8GP071701.zsd-GP101701.zsd是149.734358.7479-54.699313.521.810.5GP081702.zsd-GP091702.zsd是120.508122.84025.40614.4
8、7.34.8GP081702.zsd-GP101702.zsd是79.404876.2856-122.181011.218.612.8GP091702.zsd-GP101702.zsd是-41.099253.4495-127.58987.311.57.8GP101700.zsd-GP111700.zsd是72.7465202.6760-376.04253.46.53.7GP111692.zsd-GP121692.zsd是140.244355.1666-54.62356.67.98.2GP111692.zsd-GP151692.zsd是439.3382-14.0932218.99416.27.4
9、5.9GP121692.zsd-GP151692.zsd是299.0987-69.2627273.615610.812.412.5GP131680.zsd-GP161681.zsd是202.422665.5500-42.945010.416.112.2GP131680.zsd-GP231680.zsd是283.7694176.7850-237.265810.716.613.6GP141686.zsd-GP151685.zsd是65.3892-55.3699143.69745.79.87.8GP141686.zsd-GP171685.zsd是209.510118.754461.95417.716
10、.011.6GP151685.zsd-GP171685.zsd是144.118874.1230-81.74346.513.610.0GP161681.zsd-GP231680.zsd是81.3428111.2331-194.32089.514.912.0GP171683.zsd-GP181684.zsd是215.090449.51831.12469.115.17.6GP171683.zsd-GP191683.zsd是283.1554-8.3945150.13706.912.36.1GP181684.zsd-GP191683.zsd是68.0619-57.9101149.01338.013.97
11、.1GP181683.zsd-GP201682.zsd是267.129953.000916.334513.325.115.3GP181683.zsd-GP211682.zsd是210.9570104.3856-117.004810.720.112.2GP201682.zsd-GP211682.zsd是-56.167651.3804-133.341714.832.720.7GP211681.zsd-GP221682.zsd是-288.6524102.3250-358.031914.831.915.1GP211681.zsd-GP231681.zsd是-444.900442.7800-303.52
12、4813.026.513.8GP221682.zsd-GP231681.zsd是-156.2461-59.549754.502420.243.024.02.控制点坐标3.平差后的基线及标准差基线名TauDX(m)DY(m)DZ(m)中误差_DX(mm)中误差_DY(mm)中误差_DZ(mm)长度(m)相对误差GP011704.zsd-GP021704.zsd是108.913294.7568-145.75260.61.40.6205.14571:128371GP011704.zsd-GP031704.zsd是-46.6422190.3049-400.36030.61.10.6445.73521:
13、313523GP021704.zsd-GP031704.zsd是-155.554695.5581-254.60710.61.40.6313.29441:185664GP021703.zsd-GP041703.zsd是-85.3400121.2560-276.75780.81.30.7313.97581:181620GP021703.zsd-GP061703.zsd是230.718974.1726-44.30781.01.70.8246.36561:115393GP041703.zsd-GP061703.zsd是316.0569-47.0812232.44611.11.70.9395.14521
14、:177576GP051700.zsd-GP101700.zsd是186.7741-60.4472206.89100.91.40.8285.20571:155576GP051700.zsd-GP111700.zsd是259.5258142.2230-169.15330.81.20.8340.87221:202095GP061701.zsd-GP071701.zsd是7.0778-73.0495151.82831.93.31.6168.63621:41535GP061701.zsd-GP101701.zsd是156.8080-14.305697.12151.22.31.0185.00271:67
15、055GP071701.zsd-GP101701.zsd是149.736358.7477-54.69711.93.21.5169.89411:42480GP081702.zsd-GP091702.zsd是120.508622.84065.40590.81.30.9122.77311:69978GP081702.zsd-GP101702.zsd是79.402176.2828-122.17931.32.11.4164.47351:58288GP091702.zsd-GP101702.zsd是-41.098353.4502-127.59051.21.91.3144.30981:56224GP1017
16、00.zsd-GP111700.zsd是72.7461202.6764-376.04240.61.10.6433.33321:310464GP111692.zsd-GP121692.zsd是140.245355.1659-54.62401.11.31.3160.29911:73804GP111692.zsd-GP151692.zsd是439.3372-14.0927218.99421.01.21.0491.09501:255020GP121692.zsd-GP151692.zsd是299.1015-69.2645273.61431.31.51.5411.24701:164014GP131680
17、.zsd-GP161681.zsd是202.421065.5489-42.94501.62.51.9217.06031:62172GP131680.zsd-GP231680.zsd是283.7707176.7852-237.26581.62.52.0409.96821:114320GP141686.zsd-GP151685.zsd是65.3887-55.3701143.69740.91.71.3167.30361:71917GP141686.zsd-GP171685.zsd是209.511018.755161.95431.12.21.6219.28281:74669GP151685.zsd-G
18、P171685.zsd是144.118274.1225-81.74341.02.11.5181.51091:65071GP161681.zsd-GP231680.zsd是81.3416111.2327-194.32071.52.41.9238.22201:70196GP171683.zsd-GP181684.zsd是215.089149.51911.12481.32.21.1220.71871:78968GP171683.zsd-GP191683.zsd是283.1562-8.3953150.13681.12.01.0320.60721:127894GP181684.zsd-GP191683.
19、zsd是68.0608-57.9090149.01371.22.11.1173.75501:64421GP181683.zsd-GP201682.zsd是267.132152.998516.33372.03.92.4272.82811:54566GP181683.zsd-GP211682.zsd是210.9556104.3874-117.00391.83.32.1262.84771:61033GP201682.zsd-GP211682.zsd是-56.165851.3800-133.34242.04.12.6153.54061:29332GP211681.zsd-GP221682.zsd是-2
20、88.6521102.3242-358.03282.45.12.5471.14521:76767GP211681.zsd-GP231681.zsd是-444.900742.7807-303.52392.24.52.4540.27181:97896GP221682.zsd-GP231681.zsd是-156.2448-59.552854.49972.75.62.9175.86701:256334.基线改正数及标准差基线名TauVDX(m)VDY(m)VDZ(m)中误差_VDX(mm)中误差_VDY(mm)中误差_VDZ(mm)dVDX(mm)dVDY(mm)dVDZ(mm)GP011704.zs
21、d-GP021704.zsd是0.00020.00170.00020.41.00.40.00.00.0GP011704.zsd-GP031704.zsd是0.0000-0.00080.00010.40.60.40.00.00.0GP021704.zsd-GP031704.zsd是0.00030.00240.00020.51.30.50.00.00.0GP021703.zsd-GP041703.zsd是-0.00020.0001-0.00030.40.60.30.00.00.0GP021703.zsd-GP061703.zsd是0.0004-0.00020.00070.81.20.60.00.0
22、0.0GP041703.zsd-GP061703.zsd是-0.00050.0007-0.00091.01.60.80.00.00.0GP051700.zsd-GP101700.zsd是-0.00140.00160.00050.91.40.80.00.00.0GP051700.zsd-GP111700.zsd是0.0010-0.0010-0.00040.60.80.60.00.00.0GP061701.zsd-GP071701.zsd是0.00090.00170.00201.73.11.50.00.00.0GP061701.zsd-GP101701.zsd是-0.0002-0.0003-0.0
23、0060.40.90.40.00.00.0GP071701.zsd-GP101701.zsd是0.0019-0.00010.00221.72.61.30.00.00.0GP081702.zsd-GP091702.zsd是0.00050.0005-0.00020.30.40.30.00.00.0GP081702.zsd-GP101702.zsd是-0.0027-0.00280.00181.72.82.00.00.00.0GP091702.zsd-GP101702.zsd是0.00100.0007-0.00070.71.10.70.00.00.0GP101700.zsd-GP111700.zsd是
24、-0.00040.00040.00000.30.60.30.00.00.0GP111692.zsd-GP121692.zsd是0.0010-0.0007-0.00050.60.70.80.00.00.0GP111692.zsd-GP151692.zsd是-0.00090.00050.00010.50.70.40.00.00.0GP121692.zsd-GP151692.zsd是0.0028-0.0018-0.00131.61.81.80.00.00.0GP131680.zsd-GP161681.zsd是-0.0016-0.00110.00001.21.81.30.00.00.0GP131680
25、.zsd-GP231680.zsd是0.00130.00030.00001.21.91.60.00.00.0GP141686.zsd-GP151685.zsd是-0.0005-0.00010.00010.50.80.70.00.00.0GP141686.zsd-GP171685.zsd是0.00090.00070.00011.02.11.50.00.00.0GP151685.zsd-GP171685.zsd是-0.0006-0.0005-0.00010.71.51.10.00.00.0GP161681.zsd-GP231680.zsd是-0.0011-0.00040.00011.01.51.2
26、0.00.00.0GP171683.zsd-GP181684.zsd是-0.00130.00090.00021.11.80.90.00.00.0GP171683.zsd-GP191683.zsd是0.0008-0.0008-0.00030.71.20.60.00.00.0GP181684.zsd-GP191683.zsd是-0.00110.00110.00040.91.50.80.00.00.0GP181683.zsd-GP201682.zsd是0.0022-0.0023-0.00081.62.71.60.00.00.0GP181683.zsd-GP211682.zsd是-0.00140.00
27、170.00091.01.81.10.00.00.0GP201682.zsd-GP211682.zsd是0.0018-0.0003-0.00072.04.72.90.00.00.0GP211681.zsd-GP221682.zsd是0.0004-0.0009-0.00091.53.31.40.00.00.0GP211681.zsd-GP231681.zsd是-0.00030.00070.00091.22.21.20.00.00.0GP221682.zsd-GP231681.zsd是0.0013-0.0031-0.00272.85.93.50.00.00.05.平差后站点WGS84坐标(XYZ)
28、站点名X(m)Y(m)Z(m)中误差_X(mm)中误差_Y(mm)中误差_Z(mm)GP01-1289104.06935646670.67332666573.79750.00.00.0GP02-1288995.15655646765.42662666428.04460.61.40.6GP03-1289150.71165646860.97982666173.43710.61.10.6GP04-1289080.49615646886.68232666151.28751.01.90.9GP05-1288794.40685646885.74522666273.96821.93.41.7GP06-128
29、8764.43835646839.59972666383.73541.22.21.0GP07-1288757.36235646766.54682666535.55962.23.91.9GP08-1288687.03745646749.00632666603.04092.13.82.0GP09-1288566.52975646771.84602666608.44722.13.71.9GP10-1288607.62995646825.29482666480.85811.73.11.4GP11-1288534.88295647027.97032666104.81561.83.31.6GP12-128
30、8394.63975647083.13752666050.19272.13.62.1GP13-1288254.04255647107.89602666059.92504.27.74.6GP14-1288160.93355647069.24642666180.11232.33.92.3GP15-1288095.54385647013.87662666323.80962.13.51.9GP16-1288051.61835647173.44712666016.98004.17.74.5GP17-1287951.42435647088.00012666242.06632.34.12.4GP18-128
31、7736.33275647137.51752666243.19062.74.72.7GP19-1287668.26975647079.60632666392.20362.64.62.6GP20-1287469.20495647190.52072666259.52603.36.13.6GP21-1287525.37435647241.90142666126.18503.25.73.4GP22-1287814.02715647344.22732665768.15404.07.74.2GP23-1287970.27445647284.68072665822.65923.97.34.16.平差后站点W
32、GS84坐标(BLH)站点名Lat.Lon.H(m)中误差_Lat(mm)中误差_Lon(mm)中误差_H(mm)GP01024:52:02.95546N102:51:35.72516E1925.87000.00.00.0GP02024:51:57.72812N102:51:31.19283E1926.39980.50.61.4GP03024:51:48.47723N102:51:35.83613E1935.27520.50.61.2GP04024:51:47.69548N102:51:33.19468E1934.51880.91.01.9GP05024:51:52.19406N102:51:
33、23.26957E1927.50941.61.63.6GP06024:51:56.13547N102:51:22.59475E1926.79631.01.22.2GP07024:52:01.60541N102:51:22.92794E1924.59161.81.94.1GP08024:52:04.04201N102:51:20.62527E1923.25691.81.94.0GP09024:52:04.26345N102:51:16.26030E1921.40761.71.83.9GP10024:51:59.66559N102:51:17.26382E1923.32831.41.53.2GP1
34、1024:51:46.10233N102:51:13.13240E1929.80721.51.63.4GP12024:51:44.18357N102:51:07.82634E1927.33591.81.83.8GP13024:51:44.56792N102:51:02.74887E1924.95493.43.68.6GP14024:51:48.90846N102:50:59.82231E1922.50992.02.14.2GP15024:51:54.08051N102:50:57.99052E1920.75681.71.83.7GP16024:51:43.04390N102:50:55.201
35、76E1924.03993.43.68.5GP17024:51:51.12144N102:50:52.39972E1922.87632.02.14.4GP18024:51:51.14839N102:50:44.53966E1923.76042.32.54.9GP19024:51:56.51905N102:50:42.63499E1921.46042.32.44.9GP20024:51:51.73521N102:50:34.84529E1923.63682.73.26.6GP21024:51:46.94966N102:50:36.38879E1924.35232.73.06.2GP22024:5
36、1:34.15607N102:50:45.60059E1922.57152.93.48.5GP23024:51:36.08129N102:50:51.49677E1924.33052.93.38.17.平差后站点目标坐标系坐标(NEU)站点名N(m)E(m)U(m)中误差_N(mm)中误差_E(mm)中误差_U(mm)GP012751649.7791586904.36791925.87000.00.00.0GP022751488.1212586778.14221926.39980.50.61.4GP032751204.2757586910.29521935.27520.50.61.2GP042
37、751179.7518586836.28921934.51880.91.01.9GP052751316.4275586556.77451927.50941.61.63.6GP062751437.5931586537.06711926.79631.01.22.2GP072751605.9728586545.36321924.59161.81.94.1GP082751680.5452586480.24761923.25691.81.94.0GP092751686.5904586357.66411921.40761.71.83.9GP102751545.2822586386.72421923.328
38、31.41.53.2GP112751127.1873586273.35411929.80721.51.63.4GP122751067.2111586124.75671927.33591.81.83.8GP132751078.1474585982.13351924.95493.43.68.6GP142751211.2015585899.13761922.50992.02.14.2GP152751370.0343585846.71871920.75681.71.83.7GP162751029.9294585770.54161924.03993.43.68.5GP172751278.0008585690.32781922.87632.02.14.4GP182751277.4588585469.65601923.76042.32.54.9GP192751442.3921585415.15821921.46042.32.44.9GP202751293.8295585197.3805
