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1、Continued,The buyer arranges payment through bank,Buyer,Bank,Sellers Bank,Seller,The buyer arrange payment of foreign exchange through banking system to seller,-who bears the risk of loss or damage to goods?,Crash!,Who should go to insurance company to claimfor the damage?,Seller,or,Buyer,Insurance
2、company,So,we need a point of place for risk transfer.,It may be;,Sellers premises,Port of loading,The rail of ship at port of loading,On deck of ship at port of discharge,At the front of two countries,etc.,This point is the boundary of duty.If goods are damaged on sellers side,seller is responsible
3、 for claiming loss at insurance company.If it is on buyers side,it is buyers duty to do so.,Where is the place at which seller hands goods over to buyer?,Sellers premises,Port of loading,the ship of port of loading,the ship of port of discharge,etc.,How is the transportation cost shared betweenselle
4、r and buyer?,On deck of ship at port of loading,Buyers premises,Seller pays for loading truck,carriage fee to to port of loading,export clearance,harbor charges and loading goods onto ship.,Seller pays for all the charges incurred in the delivery,including carriage fees within exporting country,harb
5、or and customs clearance charges of both importing and exporting country,loading and unloading charges,insurance premium and carriage fees within buyers country,etc.,to the front of two countries,On deck of ship at port of discharge,Sellers delivery cost includes carrying goods to the front of the c
6、ountry,customs clearance in exporting country and insurance within exporting country,etc.,Sellers delivery cost includes transporting goods to importing country(excluding unloading cost),insurance concerned and customs clearance in exporting country,etc.,Those not mentioned should be borne by buyer.
7、,Lets summarize.,The INCOTERMS makes stipulations on the followings:,1.The point of place at which charges transfer from seller to buyer.,2.The point of place at which risk transfer from seller to buyer.,3.The point of place at which seller deliver goods to buyer and buyer organizes transportation f
8、or next part of journey.,They are concerning with delivery of goods fromseller to buyer.INCOTERMS tells us about them.,INCOTERMS,Three letters abbreviation simplifies negotiation process,same understandingof the contents,Incoterms published by ICC is most authoritative,the standard explanation,Gives
9、 legal effect to Incoterms by Incorporating them insales agreement,Should refer to the full effect of Incoterms1990 or 2000,ICC Publication,From these perspectives,the C Terms are much more beneficial for seller than for buyer,as seller select the carrier and control the costs and timing of the main
10、 carriage without undertaking any risks,while the buyer takes all risks for a period of main carriage during which buyer has no means of controlling or limiting those risks.C组对卖方更有力，因为卖方负责挑选承运人，并且可以控制成本与运输时间，同时不承担任何风险，相反，买方负责主要运输期间的所有风险，同时无法控制运输时间以及相关风险承运人卖方,Flow chart of international bank transfer
11、,Buyer,Remitting Bank,Seller,Paying Bank,PO=Payment Order with the name and add.of beneficiary汇款指示,BT=Bank Transfer advisinghow money is transferred fromremitting bank to paying bank银行划拨指示,With signature or test key签字密押,Documentary Collection Flowchart跟单托收,Seller/principal,Carrier,RemittingBank托收行,C
12、ollecting Bank代收行,Buyer/drawee,D/A(documents against acceptance)承兑交单,Seller/principal,Remitting bank,Collecting bank,Buyer/payer,Collecting bank keeps accepted draft and at maturity,presents itfor payment.代收行为出口上保管承兑出现二次提示，付款,D/P at sight即期付款交单,Seller/principal,Remitting bank,Collectingbank,Buyer/pa
13、yer,Only one presentmentfor payment.一次提示，即期付款,D/P at tenor远期付款交单,Seller/principal,Remitting bank,Collectingbank,Buyer/payer,5After payment at maturity,buyer gets documents.票据到期付款交单,The basic documentary credit operation跟单信用证流程,IssuingBank,Advising Bank,LC is bankers conditional undertaking of paymen
14、t.信用证作为银行的有条件付款承诺,The precondition of LCs payment isthat the documents presented by sellermust comply with terms and conditionsin LC.只要卖方交单符合信用证条款银行必须付款,Continued,Carrier,Advising bank actingAs nominated bank,IssuingBank,Flow chart of direct letter of guarantee 直开银行担保（1）,Applicant/principal,Guarante
15、ebank,Advisingbank,beneficiary,Advising bank is agent of guarantee bank,and in charge of checking the authenticity of bank guarantee and the documents attached.银行检查单据真伪,GuaranteeBank担保银行,AdvisingBank通知行,Beneficiary,Flow chart of direct letter of guarantee(2),Payment is made against documents without any investigation of default.交单付款,If applicant default,beneficiary is allowed to ask for payments.违约，受益人交单,If documents comply with the requirements in LG guarantee bank must pay.担保银行付款,
