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1、雅思大小作文有哪些注意事项 雅思写作有哪些注意事项呢?要说雅思写作，除了注意拼写，注意时间分配等普遍的注意事项之外，小作文和大作文分别都有各自在内容上的一些注意点。下面就和大家分享雅思写作有哪些注意事项，来欣赏一下吧。雅思大小作文有哪些注意事项雅思大作文写作的注意事项No.1开头段使用模板太多考官对模板深恶痛绝的程度可能超过很多考生的想象，而且，如果考生在第一段还使用大量恶俗的模板，还在第一句说with the development of society，那他会发现他的成绩单上的作文得分会在4分左右。其实，翻翻雅思考官的范文，我们会发现，考官在第一段只干了两件事情：引出背景+表明观点，甚至很
2、多考官只干了第一件事情(引出背景)，仅此而已。但是，考官的首段会很具体，会和*特定场合挂钩No2 不会使用四段论等于慢性自杀很多考生对四段论的框架貌似了解，一谈起作文段落安排就会滔滔不绝：第一段引出主题，第二段陈述支持的理由，第三段陈述反对的理由，最后一段总结。这其实是一个非常害人、没有任何说服力的段落安排，如果翻开剑桥雅思考官给出的满分范文，几乎每篇*都在告诉我们这样一个真实有用的段落安排：第一段引出主题及拓展+ 第二段反面论证及支持理由+ 第三段对方观点及驳论+ 第四段总结及补充说明。而且，段落之间的巧妙衔接也增强了*的论证能力。建议考生多多研读考官范文，真的能看出门道出来，而不是沉浸在自
3、己似是而非的理解里。No.3 作文还要加标题英语考试有一个国际惯例(common practice)：写作文时不需要加标题，直接写正文就行。加标题属于浪费感情，浪费表情。而且，这个标题可能太大，一篇250字的*不能承担标题之重;这个标题可能太小，只照顾到你这篇*的一小部分;这个标题可能加错了，意思与*相反，反而会误导考官。总之，不需要加任何标题。No.4 留给大作文的时间太短考官明确提出，Task 2 carries more weights(大作文占的分量要比小作文大)，而且考官在改作文的时候确实以大作文为主。但是考生在考试的时候，小作文控制不住时间，写得过于详细，最后留给大作文的时间只有半
4、个小时不到，这样做就死定了。所以，我们建议小作文的时间控制在20分钟以内，超过20分钟没写完也不要再写了，而写大作文的时间一定要大于等于40分钟。No.5 从来不知道驳论为何物?如果你还不知道雅思作文要写驳论，那你就真后知后觉了。中国学生经常忽略了这个强大的论证段落，而考官经常在他们的范文里使用这个武器(具体请见剑5的P165，剑6的P164，剑7的P173)。其实，这个强大的武器很好操作，第一步：先把对方主张的观点，或者是对方对我的批评摆出来，加一个简单的理由(这很好找吧);第二步：加一个转折，通常会说但是，他们太简单化了;第三步：先写一个in fact，再写我针锋相对的观点，或驳斥对方的观
5、点。这样就轻松搞定了一个段落。建议大家回头研究一下这个强大的武器，用正确了可以增分不少。No.6 尾段开始描绘蓝图中国学生喜欢在最后一段发出感慨，呼吁各方携手为美好的明天努力。这种结尾写法已经被考官唾弃久矣，因为在他们看来，大作文的尾段只需要满足三点：1)重申总论点;2)针对对立面的让步;3)重申一个或两个主要分论点。大家写到最后一段，不要再发挥了，赶紧收住就OK了。雅思小作文写作的注意事项1. For the writing task 1 introduction, can I copy words from the chart?对于雅思写作小作文的开头段，我能抄图表中的单词吗?Yes, t
6、ry not to use too many words from the question, but its a good idea to take a few words from the graph/chart itself. The labels on the chart can help you to paraphrase the question statement.答：是的可以，尽量别用太多题目中的单词，但是使用图表中的词汇是个好方法。图表中的标签可以帮你复述题目。2. For process diagrams, can we suggest ways of improving
7、the process?对于流程图，我们可以给出一些改善流程的建议吗?No, you should never include opinions or suggestions in your task 1 essay. Just describe what you see.答：不，你不能在Task 1小作文中包含任何意见或者建议。只能描述图表中所能看到的内容。3. Can I use illustrates, indicates or mentions instead of shows?我能用illustrates, indicates 或mentions来代替shows吗?I tell my
8、 students to use shows, illustrates, compares or gives information about. You dont need to learn any more ways. I wouldnt use indicates or mentions because theyre not quite right for the context.答：我跟我的学生说，你只用shows, illustrates, compares 或gives information about就够了，不必学那么多的表达。我不会使用indicates 或mentions，
9、因为它们用在小作文中不合适。雅思写作需掌握的三种特性雅思写作中特别注重的两方面是写作技能和写作方法。其中写作方法表示写作时*的结构，内容等具体方面。在雅思作文中首先，一个段落必须有一个中心即主题思想，该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。整个段落必须紧扣这个主题(stick or hold to the topic)，这就是段落的统一性(unity)。其次，一个段落必须有若干推展句，使主题思想得到充分展开，从而给读者一个完整的感觉，这就是完整性(completeness or adequateness)。再者，一个段落不是杂乱无章的，而是有机的组合，句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻辑，从一个句子到另一
10、个句子的过渡必须流畅(smooth)，这就是连贯性(coherence)。下面我们就对这三个标准分别加以说明。1.统一性一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心，任何游离于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。请看下例：Joe and I decided to take the long trip wed always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhu
11、barb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and
12、so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.本段的主题句是段首句，controlling idea(中心思想)是take the long trip across the country。文中出现两个irrelevant sentences，一个是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，这一段是讲的是Joe and I，中间出现一个Bella是不合适的。还有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner这一句更是与主题句不相关。考生在作文卷上常常因为造出irrelevant sente
13、nces(不相关语句)而丢分，值得引起注意。再看一个例子：My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame ag
14、ain. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.本段的controlling idea是like to deep physically fit，但段中有两个irrelevant sentences，一个是I bought two new suitc
15、ases last week，另一个是My mother was a premature baby。从上面两个例子可以看出，native speakers同样会造出来irrelevant sentences。卷面上如果这种句子多了，造成偏题或离题，那问题就更严重了。2.完整性正象我们前面说得那样，一个段落的主题思想靠推展句来实现，如果只有主题句而没有推展句来进一步交待和充实，就不能构成一个完整的段落。同样，虽然有推展句，但主题思想没有得到相对圆满的交待，给读者一种意犹未尽的感觉。这样的段落也不能完成其交际功能。例如：Physical work can be a useful form of t
16、herapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work-you produce something rather than more anxiety or depression.本段的主题句是段首句。本段的两个推展句均不能回答主题句中提出的问题。什么是“a mind in turmoil”(心境不平静)Physical work又如何能改变这种情况?为什么它能起therapy的作用?读者得不到明确的答案。若要达到完整就
17、必须尽可能地简明。例如：It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.段首句所表达的主题思想是一种看法，必须有具体事例加以验证。上述两个推展句只是在文字上对主题作些解释，整个段落内容空洞，简而
18、不明。如果用一两个具体的例子的话，就可以把主题解释清楚了。比如下段：It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you cant swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming Help?3
19、.连贯性(coherence)连贯性包括意连和形连两个方面，前者指的是内在的逻辑性，后者指的是使用转换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连，句子之间就没有内在的有机的联系;反之，只有意连而没有形连，有时行文就不够流畅。1)意连段落中句子的排列应遵循一定的次序，不能想到什么就写什么。如果在下笔之前没有构思，边写边想，写写停停，那就写不出一气呵成的好*来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。A.按时间先后排列(chronological arrangement)We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obv
20、iously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine oclock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours - it must have been close to noon - the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to
21、use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was four oclock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling a
22、nd Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.本段从rose(起床)写起，然后是吃早餐(not to miss breakfast, closing at nine oclock)
23、，然后是close to noon，一直写到这一天结束(By nine-)。B.按位置远近排列(spatial arrangement)。例如：From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notic
24、e that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sit
25、ting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.本段的写法是由远及近，从远处(fro
26、m a distance)写起，然后get closer，再到( ten feet away)，最后是inside the pagoda当然，按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要，也可以由近及远，由表及里等等。C.按逻辑关系排列(logical arrangement)a.按重要性顺序排列(arrangement insgroupsof importance)If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If yo
27、u work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger th
28、e organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most
29、important of all the skills a man can possess.这一段谈的是表达能力，它的重要性与职业，身份有关，从not need much skill或of little importance到more important，最后是most important。b.由一般到特殊排列(general-to-specific arrangement)If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. Th
30、is carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesnt know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the
31、writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A - the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. P
32、erhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that sanguine and sanguinary mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.这一段谈的是a writers carelessness，先给出一个gene
33、ral statement作为主题句，然后通过5个perhaps加以例证。c.由特殊到一般排列(specific-to-general arrangement)I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. Sh
34、e likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shad
35、ow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across strangers feet or laps, in b
36、eds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.本段的主题句是段首句，它仅提出一个问题：为什么两只猫会被搞混。然后对两者进行比较，末句才下结论。2)形连行文的逻辑性常常要靠适当的转换词语及其他手段来实现。请读下面这一段文字并找出文中用以承上启下的词语：Walters goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high s
37、chool, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies - in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, during hi
38、s junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graduate on schedule. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.*中起承上启下的词语有两种，一种是转换词语(transitional words or phrases)，另一种是起转
39、换作用的其他连接手段(linking devices)。前者依次有：first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, bothand, consequently, and, finally.后者依次是：he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his.本段1有词汇105个，所使用的转换词语及其他连接用语共26个词，约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见，掌握好transitions不仅对行文的流畅(smoot
40、hness)有益，而且对于学生在规定时间内写足所要求的字数也是不无好处的。一个段落里如果没有transitions也就很难有coherence了.我们看下面一个例子：Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about s
41、ix thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most co
42、untries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.本段中除了第6句开头出现一个起过渡作用的it之外，没有使用其他的过渡词语.这样，文中出现许多重复的词语，全段读起来也显得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的过渡词语来修饰的话，这一段就成了下面一个流畅连
43、贯的段落：Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while
44、the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall
45、 of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.4.有损连贯性的几种情况：考生在写作中经常出现下面几种错误：1)不必要的改变时态，比如：In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with
46、Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.2)不必要的改变单复数，比如：Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to
47、him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.3)不必要的改变人称，比如：Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their childrens activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that fa
48、mily members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.因此写作中，一定要注意时态，人称以及数的变化是否正确，要注意保持一致。雅思小作文常见类型解析小作文一般都是图表作文，常见的几种主要类型有：表格图，曲线图，柱状图，饼状图和图画题五大类。一般来说，柱图和线图是每月常考的题型，有时候会有连考或者交替考的趋势。饼图和表格题也是相对频率较高的题型。偶尔也会考综合题。图画题主要分为流程图和地图题，一般每季度轮换题库的时候会出现。不管考到哪种题型，其要求都是一致的，先要挑选重要数值并且在相关处作比较。在雅思A类小作文图表题的写作当
