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1、基于以太网PLC污水处理自动控制李春湖（中石化资产管理公司扬子石化分公司水厂 210048）摘要: 简要介绍了扬子石化公司水厂污水处理生产工艺流程和该厂采用网络通讯的结构特点。使用以太网连接各单元PLC实现自动化生产, 根据该厂具体情况实行的一些控制方法。关键词:污水处理 以太网 PLC 控制逻辑Abstract：The production process of the YPC waste water treatment plant is presented, the construction characteristics of the communication network that
2、 the factory adopt is described, then some PLC control methods for that factory which is based on the Ethernet network is introduced. Keywords: waste water treatment； Ethernet network； PLC； control logic引言:扬子污水处理装置是为扬子石化公司配套污水处理装置,为了满足扬子-巴斯夫污水及周边部分企业污水处理，为了适应污水排放标准提高，进行多次次改造。由于分期改造各个控制系统比较分散，而且使用多种型
3、号PLC，有GE90-30、GE PAC RX3i 和Schneider PLC 140CPU65150（施耐德电气）及西门子S7-300等，为了将数据进行集中控制和管理，我们将各站之间的通讯由与之配套的光纤、交换机构成以太网网络控制系统。达到分散控制和集中管理。图一、污水处理工艺流程1 污水处理工艺流程（图一）生活污水、YPC生产污水和BYC生产污水通过3条管路进入污水处理装置，最大处理量每小时3500吨，首先经过预处理处理工艺，通过曝气沉淀池、初沉池对污水中悬浮物及沉淀物进行分离,通过气浮去除污水中大部分油，在通过离心脱水机脱水将沉淀物分离，然后进入匀质池再分别进入纯氧、A/O处理,经过二
4、沉池沉淀,在污水中加入臭氧，进入BAF(生物曝气滤池)进行曝气处理，最后达标排放（COD55），其中部分水回用，用于对池气息及生化塘景观池用水。2、污水自动化生产网络结构（图二）扬子污水处理装置由6套GE90-30 PLC及3套扩展远程点、一套GE PAC RX3i、Schneider PLC 140CPU65150及3套西门子S7-300和7台操作站和2台数据管理服务器，所有监控都是采用IFIX,通过光纤及交换机构成100M以太网，通过TCP/IP协议进行数据传输，该网络通过光电收发器隔离，适应恶劣的工业环境。3、网络配置 每台PLC及监控设备都配置内部IP地址（192.168.0.），在网
5、络内部每台PLC和监控站都有一个独立IP地址，从而构成基于PLC污水处理自动控制网络，在网络中每个点都是对等点，便于增加终端，而且出现网络故障便于故障判断和维护。为了保证操作站能采集到PLC实时数据，需要在WINDOWS文件C:WINDOWSsystem32drivers etc下文件配置hosts在文件里面增加你需要采集PLC数据的IP地址，如图三这是其中一台监控计算机hosts配置。同时还需要在操作站安装GE PLC驱动GE9，对其进行配置，配置如图四。在左边增加你需要配置所有PLC设备名称，在右图中将PLC的IP地址增加，同时是本台设备时能（即将Enable选中），这样就可以保证PLC和
6、操作站正常通讯。在两台服务器上加入所有的PLC站点，直接从PLC取现场实时数据，在IFIX上构建数据库，采集全部现场数据及设备状态，然后通过通讯程序将数据直接传送到厂部实时数采数据库，再通过WEB服务器发布。内部网络和外部网络通过子网隔离及防病毒等措施，有效保护监控系统安全图三、hosts配置图四、PLC驱动配置4 PLC 的主要应用功能（1）PLC对工艺的各种生产数据，如电机电流、设备开关状态、水位、压力、流量、流量累计、TOC、PH、温度等，完成实时采集，并实时传输给监控计算机。进行分析和判断，做出各种预报警和故障报警。（2 ）PLC 通过输入和输出信号，按照设计好的程序自动完成各种设备的
7、开、停控制，实现自动化生产。 5 主要PLC 站点及简单控制逻辑5.1预处理装置预处理系统采用GE90-30PLC，主要对进污水处理装置污水流量计量、TOC、PH、硫化氢、可燃气、池液位等生产数据检测报警,对8台电动阀控制，对加药系统及离心脱水机自动控制，在全自动控制方式下当水量大的时候或者来水TOC、PH超标时候将水切换到事故池子，减少工艺冲击确保进入下个处理环节污水量及水质需求并及时报警。5.2纯氧生化处理装置 纯氧生化采用GE PAC RX3i PLC,研华工控机，本控制系统主要是对进氧量、尾气中含氧量、可燃性气体、池压、池温、进水量，回流污泥量、浮渣池液位等模拟量实时采集以及对7台电动
8、阀、8台表曝机、2台刮泥机等设备控制，实现其自动化生产，如果不是在全自动状态下运行，可以通过遥控设备开停。主要控制是通过PID对尾气含氧量及池压对进氧量调节，如果池压大于设定500pa,将关闭进氧电动调节阀；如果尾气中氧含量低于30%将尾气调节阀打开，高于40%将关闭尾气电动阀。池中可燃气超过25%将关闭进氧阀，打开尾气阀，一段和二段表曝机如果在高速将转变到低速运行，如果达到50%将关闭进氧阀，打开尾气阀，停止所有表曝机运行，打开吹扫风机，直到可燃气降到25%以下，对连锁复位，才能是现场设备正常运行，可燃气连锁优先级是最高的。5.2 A/O生化装置主要是通过厌氧和好氧工艺进行污水处理，采用GE
9、90-30PLC，主要对来水TOC、PH、池中液位，流量温度等数据采集及泵的开停控制，主要控制提升泵的变频控制，它根据液位实现，如果液位高于4米自动停泵，低于1米自动开泵，完成自动生产。5.3 臭氧发生和BAF 臭氧发生和BAF是为了适应新标准深度处理装置，由臭氧发生装置及生物曝气滤池构成，此装置可以将原来出水COD指标70降低到55以下，臭氧装置是成套从德国进口，有3套西门子S7-300PLC组成控制系统，滤池是采用Schneider PLC 140CPU65150，主要是实现对液位、压力、PH、臭氧含量数据采集，对气动阀、风机控制，实现自动化生产。6 结束语本网络使用是以太网方式通讯，数据
10、传输稳定、可靠，增加节点容易，管理维护都非常方便，通过多年来使用，完全满足生产需求。参考文献：1 施耐德电气公司系列用户手册.2 江圣辉.中小型PLC在大型自来水厂的应用.自动化仪表,2005.3 郭凤文.水工业自动化控制技术的发展趋势.中国给水排水.通讯地址：南京市沿江工业开发区扬子石化公司水厂从事自动化技术应用中石化资产管理公司扬子石化分公司水厂 邮编：210048电话：13073460847Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with C
11、NN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also mi
12、ssed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race h
13、as renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the N
14、ew Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to t
15、he live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist a
16、nd a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a g
17、ust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWi
18、th each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as
19、early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (th
20、e troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called t
21、he tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving p
22、latform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the
23、 big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or
24、spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he
25、will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guarant
26、eed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.
