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1、空调房间冷热负荷计算目 录1 原始资料.21.1建筑概况.21.2气象参数.22 空调夏季冷负荷的计算.32.1冷负荷的计算方法.32.2房间冷负荷的计算.62.3房间冷负荷汇总113 空调冬季热负荷的计算123.1热负荷计算方法123.2 房间采暖热负荷的计算.151 原始资料1.1建筑概况 某别墅建筑情况如下: 建筑层高为3米(H=3m) 外墙为加气混凝土280(087001)即(外粉刷20mm + 钢筋混凝土30mm + 加气混凝土泡沫混凝土700 kg/m3 150mm + 混凝土板、喷白浆100mm),传热系数为:0.71W/(m2 K)。 内墙为加气混凝土板即(水泥砂浆20mm +
2、 加气混凝土泡沫混凝土700 kg/m3 100mm + 水泥砂浆100mm) ,传热系数为:1.37W/(m2 K)。 窗户为单层塑钢窗(平板玻璃12mm),传热系数为:0.76W/m2K ;铝合金中空玻璃窗(平板玻璃5mm + 热流水平/垂直10mm + 平板玻璃5mm),传热系数为:1.7W/(m2 K)。1.2气象参数1、室外计算参数表1.1室外计算参数季节空气调节干球温度室外湿球温度计算日较差室外平均风速夏季35.827.77.32.6m/s季节室外计算干球温度室外计算采暖干球温度室外平均风速冬季-10-74.3m/s 2、室内设计参数表1.2室内设计参数 空调房间用途夏季冬季新风量
3、干球温度 相对湿度干球温度 相对湿度M3/h.人客厅25 40-65%20 30-60%30餐厅25 40-65%20 30-60%30卧室25 40-65%20 30-60%302 空调夏季冷负荷的计算2.1冷负荷的计算方法 空调冷负荷是指为维持室内的设定温度,在某一时刻必须由空调从房间带走的热量。空调房间冷负荷是由室内得热量形成的。但得热量和冷负荷是两个概念不同而相互又有关系的量。房间的得热量是指某一时刻由室外和室内热源进入房间的热量的总和。 空调房间的的热量有下列各项得热量组成:通过维护结构传入室内的热量;通过外窗进入室内的太阳辐射热量;人体散热量;设备、器具、管道及其他室内热源的散热量
4、;食品或物料的散热量;伴随各种散湿过程的散热量;照明散热量。 确定房间计算冷负荷时,应根据各项得热的种类和性质,以及房间的蓄热特性,分别逐时计算,然后逐时叠加,找出综合最大值。现采用冷负荷系数法计算,冷负荷系数法是建立在传递函数的基础上,便于在工程上进行手算的一种简化算法。具体计算如下:2.1.1外墙和屋面传热形成的逐时冷负荷在日晒和室外气温综合作用下、外墙和屋面传热引起的逐时冷负荷可按式2.1a计算: Q=AKt- (2.1a)式中Q 外墙或屋面传热引起的计算时刻冷负荷(W);A 外墙或屋面的面积(m2);K 外墙或屋面的传热系数W/( m2);tt- 通过外墙或屋面的冷负荷计算温差的逐时值
5、()。2.1.2 外窗的温差传热冷负荷通过外窗温差传热形成的计算时刻冷负荷Q可按式2.1b计算: Q=AKt ( 2.1b)式中Q 外窗传热引起的计算时刻冷负荷(W);A 外窗的面积(m2);K 外窗的传热系数W/(m2);tt- 通过外窗的冷负荷计算温差的逐时值()。2.1.3透过玻璃窗的日射得热形成的冷负荷透过外窗进入室内的日射得热形成的计算时刻冷负荷Q应按式2.1c计算 Q=CaAwCsCiDjmaxXLQ (2.1c)式中 Aw窗口的面积(m2); Ca有效面积系数; Cn室内遮阳设施的遮阳系数; Cs玻璃窗的综合遮挡系数,无因次; Djmax 日射得热因数的最大值,(W/m2); X
6、LQ冷负荷系数,无因次。2.1.4设备散热形成的冷负荷其计算公式为: Q=ANCs (2.1d) 式中 A房间的地板净面积,m2; N设备散热在单位地板面积形成的热量,W/m2; 设备散热冷负荷系数,无因次;2.1.5照明散热形成的冷负荷其计算公式为: Q=ANCzm (3.1e)式中 A房间的地板净面积,m2; N照明散热在单位地板面积形成的热量,W/m2; 散热冷负荷系数,无因次;2.1.6人体散热形成的冷负荷其包括两部分:人体显热散热引起的冷负荷和人体潜热散热引起的冷负荷。(1)人体显热散热引起的冷负荷计算公式为: Q=qsnn,CLQ (2.1f)式中 不同室温和劳动性质成年男子显热散
7、热量(W); n室内全部人数; 群集系数; 人体显热散热冷负荷系数。 (2)人体潜热散热引起的冷负荷计算公式为: Q=qLnn, (2.1g) 式中 qL不同室温和劳动性质成年男子潜热散热量(W); n室内全部人数; 群集系数;2.1.7内围护结构的传热冷负荷1)当临室为通风良好的非空调房间时,通过内窗的温差传热负荷,可按式2.1h计算: Q=AKt (2.1h) 2)当临室为通风良好的非空调房间时,通过内墙和楼板的温差传热负荷,可按式2.1i计算: Q=AKt- (2.1i) 3)当临室有一定的发热量时,通过空调房间内窗、隔墙、楼板或内门等内围护结构的温差传热负荷,可按式2.1j计算: Q=
8、AK(twp+tls-tn) (2.1j)式中 Q稳态冷负荷(W);twp夏季空气调节室外计算日平均温度();tn夏季空气调节室内计算温度();tls临室温升(),根据室内散热强度按表2.1计算: 表2.1 临室温差tls值临室放热量tls/oC很少如办公室、走廊23W/m223116W/m202352.1.8伴随散湿过程的潜热冷负荷 1)食物散湿的潜热冷负荷。 食物的散湿量(kg/h),按式2.1k 计算:D=0.012n (2.1k) 式中集群系数;n就餐人数。食物散湿形成的潜热冷负荷可按式2.1l计算:Qt=688D (2.1l)Q食物散湿形成的潜热冷负荷2)水面蒸发的潜热冷负荷。敞开水
9、面的蒸发散失量(kg/h)按式2.1m计算:D=Ag (2.1m)式中A蒸发面积(m2);g单位水面的蒸发量kg/(m2h);敞开水面形成的潜热冷负荷,可按式2.1n计算:Q=0.28D (2.1n)式中气化潜热(kJ/kg)。2.2房间冷负荷的计算以某房间为例,进行房间冷负荷的计算:表2.2.1北外墙冷负荷计算房间101 北外墙冷负荷计算表时间0:001:002:003:004:005:006:007:008:009:0010:0011:00A12.9612.9612.9612.9612.9612.9612.9612.9612.9612.9612.9612.96K0.710.710.710.
10、710.710.710.710.710.710.710.710.71tn252525252525252525252525t,n33.133.233.233.233.13332.832.632.332.131.831.6t-8.18.28.28.28.187.87.67.37.16.86.6Q74.5329675.4531275.4531275.4531274.5329673.612871.7724869.9321667.1716865.3313662.5708860.73056时间12:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023
11、:00A12.9612.9612.9612.9612.9612.9612.9612.9612.9612.9612.9612.96K0.710.710.710.710.710.710.710.710.710.710.710.71tn252525252525252525252525t,n31.431.331.231.231.331.431.631.832.132.432.632.9t-6.46.36.26.26.36.46.66.87.17.47.67.9Q58.8902457.9700857.0499257.0499257.9700858.8902460.7305662.5708865.3313
12、668.0918469.9321672.69264由上表可知,最大负荷出现在1:00到3:00,最大值为74.53W。表2.2.2西外墙冷负荷计算表房间101 西外墙冷负荷计算表时间0:001:002:003:004:005:006:007:008:009:0010:0011:00A10.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.8K0.710.710.710.710.710.710.710.710.710.710.710.71tn252525252525252525252525t,n38.538.939.139.239.138.938.638.2
13、37.837.336.836.3t-13.513.914.114.214.113.913.613.212.812.311.811.3Q103.518106.5852108.1188108.8856108.1188106.5852104.2848101.217698.150494.316490.482486.6484时间12:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:00A10.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.8K0.710.710.710.710.710.710.710.
14、710.710.710.710.71tn252525252525252525252525t,n35.935.535.234.934.834.834.935.335.836.537.338t-10.910.510.29.99.89.89.910.310.811.512.313Q83.581280.51478.213675.913275.146475.146475.913278.980482.814488.18294.316499.684由上表可知,最大负荷出现在2:00到4:00,最大值为108.12W。表2.2.3 南内墙冷负荷计算表房间101 南内墙冷负荷计算表时间0:001:002:003
15、:004:005:006:007:008:009:0010:0011:00A14.5214.5214.5214.5214.5214.5214.5214.5214.5214.5214.5214.52K1.371.371.371.371.371.371.371.371.371.371.371.37twp31.231.231.231.231.231.231.231.231.231.231.231.2tn252525252525252525252525tls555555555555twp+tls-tn11.211.211.211.211.211.211.211.211.211.211.211.2Q22
16、2.79488222.79488222.79488222.79488222.79488222.79488222.79488222.79488222.79488222.79488222.79488222.79488时间12:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:00A14.5214.5214.5214.5214.5214.5214.5214.5214.5214.5214.5214.52K1.371.371.371.371.371.371.371.371.371.371.371.37twp31.231.231.231.231.
17、231.231.231.231.231.231.231.2tn252525252525252525252525tls555555555555twp+tls-tn11.211.211.211.211.211.211.211.211.211.211.211.2Q222.79488222.79488222.79488222.79488222.79488222.79488222.79488222.79488222.79488222.79488222.79488222.79488表2.2.4东内墙冷负荷计算表房间101 东内墙冷负荷计算表时间0:001:002:003:004:005:006:007:0
18、08:009:0010:0011:00A10.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.8K1.371.371.371.371.371.371.371.371.371.371.371.37twp31.231.231.231.231.231.231.231.231.231.231.231.2tn252525252525252525252525tls000000000000twp+tls-tn6.26.26.26.26.26.26.26.26.26.26.26.2Q91.735291.735291.735291.735291.735291.735291
19、.735291.735291.735291.735291.735291.7352时间12:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:00A10.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.8K1.371.371.371.371.371.371.371.371.371.371.371.37twp31.231.231.231.231.231.231.231.231.231.231.231.2tn252525252525252525252525tls000000000000twp+tls-
20、tn6.26.26.26.26.26.26.26.26.26.26.26.2Q91.735291.735291.735291.735291.735291.735291.735291.735291.735291.735291.735291.7352表2.2.5北外窗温差传热引起的冷负荷计算房间101 北外窗温差传热引起的负荷计算时间0:001:002:003:004:005:006:007:008:009:0010:0011:00A3.243.243.243.243.243.243.243.243.243.243.243.24K2.6132.6132.6132.6132.6132.6132.61
21、32.6132.6132.6132.6132.613tl,n30.229.729.228.828.528.328.42929.930.93232.9tn252525252525252525252525tln-tn5.24.74.23.83.53.33.444.95.977.9Q44.02382439.79076435.55770432.17125629.6314227.93819628.78480833.8644841.48398849.95010859.2628466.882348时间12:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0
22、023:00A3.243.243.243.243.243.243.243.243.243.243.243.24K2.6132.6132.6132.6132.6132.6132.6132.6132.6132.6132.6132.613tl,n33.834.534.935.235.23534.633.832.932.131.430.8tn252525252525252525252525tln-tn8.89.59.910.210.2109.68.87.97.16.45.8Q74.50185680.4281483.81458886.35442486.35442484.661281.27475274.5
23、0185666.88234860.10945254.18316849.103496由上表可知,最大负荷出现在15:00到16:00,最大值为86.35W。表2.2.6北外窗日射冷负荷计算房间101 北外窗日射冷负荷计算时间0:001:002:003:004:005:006:007:008:009:0010:0011:00A3.243.243.243.243.243.243.243.243.243.243.243.24Ca0.750.750.750.750.750.750.750.750.750.750.750.75Cs0.780.780.780.780.780.780.780.780.780.
24、780.780.78Cn0.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.5CLQ0.260.240.230.210.190.180.440.420.430.490.560.61Dmax122122122122122122122122122122122122Q30.06104427.74865626.59246224.28007421.96768620.81149250.87253648.56014849.71634256.65350664.74686470.527834时间12:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:00
25、22:0023:00A3.243.243.243.243.243.243.243.243.243.243.243.24Ca0.750.750.750.750.750.750.750.750.750.750.750.75Cs0.780.780.780.780.780.780.780.780.780.780.780.78Cn0.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.5CLQ0.640.660.660.630.590.640.640.380.350.320.30.28Dmax122122122122122122122122122122122122Q73.99641676.
26、30880476.30880472.84022268.21544673.99641673.99641643.93537240.4667936.99820834.6858232.373432由上表可知,最大负荷出现在13:00到14:00,最大值为76.31W。表2.2.7设备冷负荷计算房间101 设备冷负荷的计算时间0:001:002:003:004:005:006:007:008:009:0010:0011:00A16.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.12N131313131313131313131313Cs0.3
27、20.270.230.190.170.150.130.110.10.640.710.76Qt67.059256.581248.198839.816435.625231.43427.242823.051620.956134.1184148.7876159.2656时间12:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:00A16.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.12N131313131313131313131313Cs0.80.830.850.870.89
28、0.90.920.930.930.940.950.4Qt167.648173.9348178.126182.3172186.5084188.604192.7952194.8908194.8908196.9864199.08283.824由上表可知,最大负荷出现在22:00,最大值为199.01W。表2.2.8照明冷负荷计算房间101 照明冷负荷计算时间0:001:002:003:004:005:006:007:008:009:0010:0011:00A16.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.12N15151515151
29、5151515151515Cz,m000000000000Q000000000000时间12:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:00A16.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.1216.12N151515151515151515151515Cz,m0000000.510.790.820.840.850.87Q000000123.318191.022198.276203.112205.53210.366由上表可知,最大负荷出现在23:00,最大值为210.3
30、66W。表2.2.9人体显热冷负荷计算房间101 人体显热冷负荷计算时间0:001:002:003:004:005:006:007:008:009:0010:0011:00qs676767676767676767676767N8888888888880.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89CLQ 0.380.310.260.230.20.170.150.130.110.580.660.72Q181.2752147.8824124.0304109.719295.40881.096871.55662.015252.4744276.683231
31、4.8464343.4688时间12:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:00qs676767676767676767676767N8888888888880.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.890.89CLQ 0.770.80.830.850.870.890.90.910.920.930.940.47Q367.3208381.632395.9432405.484415.0248424.5656429.336434.1064438.8768443.6472448.41762
32、24.2088由上表可知,最大负荷出现在22:00,最大值为448.4176W。表2.2.10人体潜热冷负荷计算房间101 人体潜热冷负荷计算时间0:001:002:003:004:005:006:007:008:009:0010:0011:00ql676767676767676767676767N8888888888880.590.590.590.590.590.590.590.590.590.590.590.59Q316.2316.2316.2316.2316.2316.2316.2316.2316.2316.2316.2316.2时间12:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017
33、:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:00ql676767676767676767676767N8888888888880.590.590.590.590.590.590.590.590.590.590.590.59Q 316.24316.24316.24316.24316.24316.24316.24316.24316.24316.24316.24316.242.3房间冷负荷汇总表2.3.1房间101 各时刻冷负荷总计房间101 各个时刻冷负荷总计时间0:001:002:003:004:005:006:007:008:009:0010:0011:00各时刻冷负荷总计1131.2403081084.811421048.7213661021.09573996.054146972.248568985.283504969.411268960.722891307.823054