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1、钢结构筒仓倒装法施工1、前言及目前现状钢结构筒仓构筑物作为储料仓在工业厂房中大量存在。现在国内一般采用正装法进行施工，即施工顺序为：底座（与基础砼联结部位）筒身（由下而上）筒盖附属结构。该方法存在着一定的缺陷：一是高空作业需用大量的脚手架和吊装机械及台班；二是施工安全系数小；三是高空作用工效低；四是由于高空作业，操作不方便，施工质量难以控制。钢结构筒仓倒装法施工变高空作业为低处固定作业，克服了正装法所带来的一系列弊端。本方法在建德海螺水泥厂钢结构筒仓施工中得到了成功的应用。结合我单位以往对钢结构筒仓的施工经验，探索并总结倒装法施工工法，提高我单位施工类似工程的能力。2、负责人员概况为了能够成功
2、的应用倒装法完成扶绥海螺水泥厂众多钢结构筒仓的施工，我项目部组建了研究小组成员（见下表）序号姓名组内 职务职务负责内容工作简历1陆铁斌组长项目经理总体工作及方案审核华飞二期、西合铁路、南京海螺水泥厂、建德海螺水泥熟料基地2万鹏副组长项目总工方案审核阜阳金三角大酒店（高层）、九九集团铁专线、建德海螺水泥熟料基地3单志福组员技术员制定方案及实施西合铁路、建德海螺水泥熟料基地、南京水泥厂4李学明组员技术员制定方案及实施京九、西合铁路、华飞二期建德海螺水泥厂、扶绥海螺熟料基地、3、方案的确定根据以往施工经验，结合本工程特点，经过周密考虑及计算确定了施工方案。由于钢筒仓下部为砼结构，砼结构顶标高在+7.
3、09.0m，需在砼结构顶部的外侧用脚手架管搭设施工平台，平台宽出筒仓结构1.0m，工作平台及提升系统卷制单张筒体钢板并起吊焊接成形顶盖施工及筒内附件施工起吊第二节筒体钢板在顶节筒体外侧并用导链校正后焊结，只留一遍通长竖向焊缝不施焊提升顶节筒体将第二节筒体与顶节筒体对齐校正后焊接施工完成顶节和第二节筒体焊接结合完成顶节筒体外附件及第二节筒内附件施工循环施工完成整个筒体拆除施工平台及提升系统。4、作业要点4.1提升设备4.1.1卡板安装前应在底板上点焊卡板，卡板沿砼基础壁四周均布，主要用来保证壁板所要求直径范围的圆曲度，垂直及减少焊接变形。卡板间距30cm，筒仓组装时应钢板卡入卡板后进行焊接施工。
4、4.1.2提升机具由于筒仓壁一圈高度1.5m，提升行程较大，并要求有一定的调节高度，便于随时调节上圈板，使下圈板就位、找正，以及下圈板接口处用卡板对齐，所以提升机具采有导链，其负荷设计为壁重的2倍。4.1.3提升立柱立柱承重设计比提升总重大5t左右。立柱要对称布置，根据提升总重及筒仓直径大小确定立柱数量，我们在实际施工中6m直径筒仓采用6个立柱，10m直径采用8个立柱。4.2筒仓钢板卷制最小筒仓直径6.0m，钢板宽1.5m，厚6mm，采用卷板机现场卷制。用8t汽车吊起吊，卷制钢板时，由于钢板较薄，不需卷成设计尺寸。为提高工效，钢板从卷板机卷出后随即起吊至工作平就位。4.3筒壁施焊起吊在工作平台
5、上的钢板进行接长施焊，筒仓壁闭合前（最后一道焊缝施焊前）用导链将筒壁箍起校正筒体直径后将多余的钢板割掉后进行最一道焊缝的焊接。值得注意的是最后一块钢板长度不宜经过理论计算后在起吊前在地面割断，这将给拼接施工带来困难并由于施工误差导致理论计算及实际长度不符。4.4顶盖及内部附件施工顶节筒体施工后进行顶盖施工及筒体内部附件施工。4.5第二节筒体施工第二节筒体钢板卷制起吊到平台后，围在第一节筒体外侧，将各钢板焊接联接，只留最后一道焊缝，以便顶筒体的提升。4.6顶节筒体的提升通过提升立柱及倒链将顶节筒体提升超过第二节筒体5-10cm。将第二节筒体施工完成后，下落顶节筒体与第二节筒体联结，按设计要求进行
6、联接处的加强处理。4.7附件施工在两节筒体联结完成后，进行顶节筒体外部和第二节筒体内部附件施工。4.8重复施工重复前面工序至最后一圈，施工时注意：安装倒数第二圈时，应在临近壁板底画出标高相同的水平线，以此来检查壁板底面是否圆周等高。多余部分应割去或磨掉。最终保证筒壁垂直及满足设计要求。5、质量控制5.1材质要求及加工钢材、配制、焊接材料质量应符合设计及规范要求，并具有质量合格证或材质复验报告。钢板不得有裂纹、夹层、夹渣、重皮、气孔等缺陷；表面不得锈蚀。钢材放样和号木计应根据工艺要求预留出收缩余时及切割、刨边、锉平等的加工量。下料宜用机械方法切割。如用氧气切割，应清出溶瘤和飞溅物。5.2焊接控制
7、为防止变形，应采用对称分段倒退法对称分段跳焊施工，施焊前，应在拼装完的板上用工字钢增加重力，施焊长缝时，应顺长缝压重。并将要施焊钢板用夹具或点焊固定在所压工字钢上。焊接时，电流不宜过大，速度尽量放慢，以减小焊接变形有焊接质量。5.3测量控制每节仓壁在封口前需进行圆度及直径的校核，安装倒数第二节时对整个筒仓的垂直度用经纬仪进行校核并作及时调整以保证仓壁的垂直度。6、效益分析（1）由于降低了作业高度，节省了大量的脚手架材料、机械台班及人工。人工费节省20%，施工周期比定额工期减少30%。（2）施工安全得到保证。待添加的隐藏文字内容2（3）施工质量易于控制。Employment tribunals
8、sort out disagreements between employers and employees.You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.For more information about
9、 dismissal and unfair dismissal, seeDismissal.You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your fail
10、ure to appeal.Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.If you are worried about
11、how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underFurther help.Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.Most people find making a claim to an empl
12、oyment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underFurther help.If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay t
13、heir fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as adamages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.If you are thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre
14、 clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal
15、, seeEmployment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomo
16、rrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president
17、 of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA.Age has reached the end of the beginnin
18、g of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do somethi
19、ng, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子；或许是追溯过去，对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒悟，这些天以来，思绪一直很凌乱，在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己自己似乎应该去做点什么，或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅，突然就感觉到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things
20、really do?而穷尽我们的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over t
21、he past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction wh
22、en graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年时，觉得压岁钱和新衣服是过年必备，但是随着年龄的推进，会越来越发现，那些东西根本就可有可无；初中时，以为要有一场暗恋才意味着真正的成长，但三年过去后，自己心平气和的写同学录的时候，突然就发现是不是真正的成长
23、了，好像并没有那么重要了；然后到了高中，觉得非要吐露出自己的心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一个句点，但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉，后来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场，看着他投过篮球的球框时，突然间发现自己已经想不起他的容颜。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原来，这个世界上，对某个事件能产生化学反应的，除了非做不可的坚决，还有，时间。A persons time, your ideas
24、 are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been
25、 doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一个人的时候，自己的想法总是特别地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明确，好像没有什么可以撼动自己。也曾经好像已经下定了决心去做某件事，但更多的时候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦，最终却发现有很多缘分，有很多错过，好像冥冥之中真的已经注定。那些曾经所谓的非做不可，只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂，或者说，是自以为是的精神寄托罢了。At the moment, th
26、e sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. Those years, those days of do,
27、finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是阴暗的，空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件蓝格子衬衫；那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸；那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊；还有那场还没有开始就宣告了终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可，终于和青春一样，都将在我们的人生中谢幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to
28、be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles
29、/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weathe
30、The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling
31、 fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end. Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of
32、 the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he pl
33、ans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).cause there
