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1、起重吊装安全知识-初级 DRMediatheque LafargeKnowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging / Level 1起重吊装安全知识 / 初级2?Purpose 培训目的?Understand Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 了解起重吊装作业的基本知识?Understand Hazard Types and Causes of Lifting & Rigging Work 了解起重吊装作业的危害种类及成因?Understand and Follow Site Control SOP-Lifting 了解并遵守施工现场安全起重
2、吊装控制流程Reduce Lifting & Rigging RiskImprove Lifting & Rigging safety situation减少吊装起重作业风险,改进吊装起重作业安全状态3?Training Content 培训内容?Site control of SOP-Lifting施工现场安全起重吊装控制流程?Summary and Discussion 总结与讨论?Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊装安全知识4?Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging起重吊装作业的基本知识1、Lifting machine
3、起重机械2、Slings 索具3、Signals 起重信号4、L&R Staff & Responsibilities起重作业人员及其职责5?Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊装作业的基本知识?Lifting machine 起重机械6?Lifting machine 起重机械Definition of LM 起重机械的定义 Lifting machine refers to special equipment for elevation and moving objects/materials by hooks or other hangers,riggin
4、gs. 起重机是通过吊钩或其他吊具起升、搬运物料的特种机械设备Types of LM 起重机械的种类Crane 起重机Tower Crane塔式起重机)Others 其他起重设备(Lifting jack, chain hoist千斤顶、手动葫芦)Lifting Machine起重机械 Lifting 升降机、卷扬机7?Lifting machine inspection 起重机械的检测?What to Inspect需要检测什么Annual Inspection of the hoisting machinery must be performed by an authorized inst
5、itute起重机械的检测必须由有资质的机构进行The person in charge must maintain a record of these inspections负责人必须对这些检测进行记录Annual Inspection 年检Crane wasnt inspectedand tipped over吊车没有进行检测,并且已经倾倒8?Lifting machine inspection 起重机械的检测?What to Inspect需要检测什么Proper air pressure and no leakage正确的气压,没有泄露Tires properly inflated 轮胎
6、内气体充足Wire rope wear 钢丝绳的磨损Physical damage to crane 吊车的损坏Loose or missing hardware, nuts, or bolts硬件、螺母或螺丝钉的丢失Fluid leakage 液体泄露Limit Switch 限位装置Swing radius 旋转半径9Who will be in charge of inspection 谁将负责起重机械的检测Rigger/Crane Operator 起重工/吊车司机?The rigger must inspect all machinery and equipment prior to
7、 start-up and during use, to make sure that it is in safe work condition起重工必须在使用前检查所有的机器和设备,并且在使用过程中确保各个操作条件的安全?If crane needs fixing, it will be taken out of service until reparation completion.如果需要维修,则不再使用此机器直至维修完毕BrokenTrack破损的履带10?Self-elevated Crane Tower 自升塔式起重机Normally the first anchorage fix
8、ing should be 25 meter above ground distance, not be allowed to exceed 50 meters, then every 16 to 20 meters needs to fix anchor once 第一道锚固装置距地面一般为25米,最大不超过50米。以后每16-20米锚固一道。The deviation of tower verticality should be less than 2%塔的垂直度偏差不大于2%。Frequent check should be performed on fixing situation o
9、f anchorage fixing apparatus 经常检查锚固装置的牢固程度。Safety devices 安全装置:Operation protective devices: load limit, moment limit, lead limit switch, etc 操作保护装置:载重限制器,力矩限制器,行程限位等。Electric protective devices: zero protection, imum relay, emergency switch, fuse cutout switch, etc 电器保护装置:零位保护,过电流继电器,紧急开关,熔断保护等。11?
10、Safe Operation Procedure for Tower Crane LiftingSOP-Lifting 塔式起重机的安全操作规程It is obliged that tower crane operator must hold the certificate at hand which issued by the National Ministry of Labor. 塔式起重机司机必须持有经国家劳动部门考核合格并颁发的上岗证,执证上岗;Newly assembled or repaired crane must perform trial-run test and be in
11、spected & qualified by authority bureau then can be put into operation. 新安装和经修复的起重机,必须进行试运转,经有关权威部门确认合格后方可使用;Requirement prior to crane operation: 操作前检查要求:Check the transmission parts, decelerator, and ensure the oil is enough; check the bolts of every part are properly fastened. 检查各传动部分、减速器、油量是否充足,
12、各部分螺栓是否紧固; After control switch is closed, check the outside cover of electric appliance and manipulator to ensure in safe condition在总开关闭合后,用试电笔检查电器及控制器外壳,确认安全; Inspect the wear status of wire sling. 检查钢丝绳的磨损情况; Prior to crane operation, complete inspection needs to be carried out to make sure that
13、manipulator, transmission part and brake gear are in good condition 工作开始前,做一次全面检查,检查各控制器及传动装置、制动装置的可靠性。12?Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging起重吊装作业的基本知识?Slings 索 具13?Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging起重吊装作业的基本知识 Wire rope 钢丝绳Nylon rope 尼龙绳化纤Coir rope 棕绳Clasp 卡环Rope lock 绳卡Elasticity conditioner松紧器Ropes 绳带Fix
14、ture卡具Hook 吊钩Slings索具14?Slings 索具Nylon rope 尼龙绳化纤Clasp 卡环Rope Cappel 绳卡Hook 吊钩Slings Legend 索具图例Wire rope 钢丝绳15?Wire rope 钢丝绳Wire ropes are divided by numbers of strands and the number of wires in each strand. 钢丝绳按绳股数及每股中的钢丝数区分。 There are 6*7, 7*7, 6*19, 6*37, 6*61 types, etc. Among them, 6*19 and 6
15、*37 are widely used in L&R. Wire rope of 6*19 is used as cable and sling while 6*37 is used in pulley block and as sling有6股7丝,7股7丝,6股19丝,6股37丝及6股61丝等。吊装中常用的有619、637两种。619钢丝绳可作缆风绳和吊索;637钢丝绳用于穿滑车组和作吊索。钢丝绳的安全系数 Safety Coefficient of Wire Rope Usage as 用途Safety coefficient 安全系数Cable 用作缆风绳 3.5Sling witho
16、ut twist 用作无扭曲的吊索时 67Manual-control lifting machine 用于手动起重设备4.5Lashing sling 用作捆绑吊索810Power-driven lifting machine 用于电动起重设备 56Carrying persons 用于载人的升降机 1416?Wire Rope 钢丝绳Fixed ropes have more than two broken wires in one lay in areas beyond end connections or more than one broken wire at one end con
17、nection。固定钢丝绳的一捻,在远离末端连接处的地方有两条以上断掉的金属丝,或者在末端连接处有一条以上断掉的金属丝;Running ropes have six randomly distributed broken wires in one lay or threebroken wires in one strand in one lay。转动钢丝绳的一捻中有六处任意分布的断掉的金属丝或者在其一股中有三条断的金属丝;Wear of one-third of the original diameter of the outside individual wires caused by ab
18、rasion, scrubbing, flattening, or peening ; 独立的钢丝绳外表由于磨损,擦洗,压扁或者锤击等原因磨损了它原来直径的1/3;Kinking, crushing, birdcaging, or any other damage resulting in distortion of the rope structure; 扭结,破碎,笼形畸变或是其他的损坏而导致钢丝绳结构的变形;Evidence of heat damage by any causes. 由任何原因引起的热破坏现象。Wire rope should be replaced in severa
19、l circumstances, including, but not limited to:钢丝绳在以下情况下必须更换,但不仅限于17?Wire Rope Usage Regulations钢丝绳使用规定Certificate 证书 All wire ropes must passed the test of LF assigned authority Institute with issued certificate prior to usage; 所有的钢丝绳在使用前必须通过拉法基指定权威认证检测机构的测试并有签发的证书 Tag 吊签 Any tags used in wire rope
20、 should include two aspects of information, sling reference No. & safe working load 钢丝绳所用的吊签应包括两个信息: 钢丝绳编号及安全工作负荷Only Wire rope meeting the following requirements can be used at site :钢绳只有满足下面的要求,方能在现场使用:18?Wire Rope 钢丝绳Kink 拧曲 Twist 扭曲Birdcage 笼形畸变Broken 破损19Introduction of Steel Sling Splicing 钢丝绳
21、插接的介绍Requirement and specifications for sling splicing 插接的要求与规定 At least five times are required for each strand of wire rope when splicing. Loop should have minimum 15mm of lap butt at the end, in order to restrain from retraction when sling pulls 钢丝绳每股插接的次数不能低于五次。插接尾部要留15MM的“毛头”, 以备吊索受拉后回缩。20Find
22、out the load gravity center;找到被吊装物体的重心?Slings used must meet load requirement;?所用的索具必须满足被吊装重物的要求?Ensure stability of L&R operation; 保证吊装的平稳?Proper lashing method 正确的绑扎方式?General Knowledge of Wire Rope Lashing 捆绑钢丝绳常识21Example of Tight Lashing Method稳固的绑扎General Knowledge of Wire Rope Lashing捆绑钢丝绳常识C
23、orrect 对Wrong 错22?Fixture卡具CORRECT 正确 Saddle 鞍U-Bolt U型螺栓Installed properly as to number, direction, spacing and torque.数量、方向、间距和扭矩都要以正确的方式安装Proper installation method of “Safe bent” 安装钢丝绳夹放“安全弯”方法 23?General Knowledge of Guide-rope Application溜绳使用常识It is necessary to use guide-rope during L&R opera
24、tion 吊装时设置溜绳是非常必要的。Functions:Ensure the load stability; prevent load from swinging; increase dynamic load? 作用:保证被吊物品的稳定性,防止被吊装物体的摆动,增加动载荷。The length of guide-rope is determined by the load height 溜绳的长度视吊装的高度而定。Note: it is not allowed to pull load slantly 注意:不允许用溜绳斜拉被吊装物品。24?Fixture卡具Manufacturers sp
25、ecification 根据厂家规格Never weld on hooks.不允许在吊钩上焊接Work with safety latch. 吊装使用安全插销Hooks are designed to apply the load at the bottom of the saddle 吊钩的载荷受力于鞍部底端LOAD25?Hand Signal 起重手语An illustration of the signals must be posted at the job site在工作现场必须张贴一张手势信号的图示说明Remarks: While using hand signal, corres
26、ponding whistling tone should be adopted强调:现场吊装使用起重手语时,必须配合哨语的运用。26?Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊装作业的基本安全知识 Staff and Responsibilities起重作业人员及其职责27?Staff and Responsibilities 起重作业人员及其职责Crane operator 起重机司机Signal man 信号员Rigger 起重工L&R supervisor 吊装监督员28Crane operator 起重机司机?Staff and Responsib
27、ilities 起重作业人员及其职责1. Ensure all overhanging parts are fully and safely equipped. Check the levelling of outrigger, verify the loading status of foundation and frequently oberserve the foundation change at the location of outrigger保证所有的外伸部分都充分配置并且是安全的;检查支腿的水平,核实地基的承载;观察支腿处的地基变化.2Prior to L&R start-up
28、, place all limit switches at non-load position then perform operational testing. 在进行吊装作业之前,将所有的限制开关设置为无荷载状态进行操作测试。3Estimate and calculate the load weight before L&R operation. 在起吊之前确定物体的重量。4In case of obstacles within radius of turn, any L&R operations areforbidden to proceed; 在旋转半径上有任何障碍物时不能起吊任何物体
29、。5. Without clear signal from signal man, not allowed to operate any L&R 在没有从信号工那里得到清晰的信号之前不能起吊任何物体。6Be capable of correctly understanding hand signals 能正确的理解手语信号。29Signal Man 信号员?Check with the rigger to ensure load is proper equippedbefore giving the signals在发出信号前和起重工确认,保证吊装物体装配得当。?Give the clear
30、and correct signals to crane operator向起重机司机发出准确而清晰的信号。?Staff and responsibilities 起重作业人员及其职责30Rigger 起重工?Inspect & guarantee that lifting devices are correctly chosen and used;?检查保证使用正确的起重器具。?Check the rope knot-tying method as well as sling angle to avoid sling over-load. 检查绳结方法/吊索角度,避免出现绳索的过载Ensur
31、e load stability. When object is 200-500mm above ground level, remain at that position for three to five minutes. Only after ensure object is stable enough then continue to proceed保证吊装物体的稳定性。当吊物吊起距地面200mm-500mm停止3到5分钟,确保物体稳定后再继续吊装Prevent lifted loose material from falling down and make sure spare pa
32、rts/components are at same length?防止吊起的松散材料落下;保证散件吊装物的长短一致。?Adopt correct wire rope lashing method. It is required that there are at least two suspension points for spare parts/components L&R采用正确的捆绑方式,散件吊点不能少于2点。?Adopt proper lashing methods to avoid damage of wire rope knot during L&R在吊装过程中采用合适的方法避
33、免绳结损坏。?Use guide-line according to L&R object height to lessen swing of objects 根据吊装物体的高度使用溜绳,避免物体的摆动。?Staff and Responsibility 起重作业人员及其职责31L&R Supervisor 吊装监督员Supervise and guarantee the L&R operation is carried out by the approved MS监督并确保吊装作业按照审核批准的吊装方案实施 Make sure that crane operator is competent
34、 with training certificate 保证让培训过且持有合格证书的的司机操作起重机。Make sure that rigger and signal man are competent 保证让有资质的起重工和信号员进行吊装工作。Direct crane operator, rigger and signal man to take their own reponsibilities 在安全吊装过程中指挥起重机司机、起重工和信号员各负其责。Adopt proper measures to avoid hazards once unsafe situation need to be
35、 reported. 一旦有不安全的情况报告,他应采取适当的措施。Ensure all the L&R safely operated. 保证所有吊装操作都安全的执行?Staff and Responsibility 起重作业人员及其职责32?Distribution of Weight and Gravity Center as well SlingConnection 吊装物体重量、重心的分配及吊索连接?Know the Weight of the Load了解装载的重量Use shipping ticket or other documentation as reference 参照货运
36、单和其他文件中的数据Ensure lift calculations are correct确保提升数据计算正确Make sure that load is within load rated capacity for boom length and load radius of crane 确保荷载量是在悬臂长度和荷载半径额定量之内Crane is rated by the imum weight it will lift at a minimum radius and minimum boom length ? the further from its centerpoint, the l
37、ess it will lift 吊车是以最大重量制定的额定量,它将以最小的半径和最小的悬臂长度进行升降-距中心越远,提升的重量越小33Sling Legs吊绳Horizontal Angle水平夹角Horizontal Plane水平面LOAD Basic knowledge of Lifting SWL 吊装安全工作负荷计算的基本知识341000 LBS 1000 LBS 1000 LBS 1000 LBS500 LBS500 LBS577LBS 577 LBS707LBS707 LBS1000 LBS 1000 LBS90? 60 45 30Basic knowledge of Lift
38、ing SWL 吊装安全工作负荷计算的基本知识35Where:L Length of the sling 绳索长度H Height of the connection point from the horizontal plane of the load.连接点到水平吊物的距离LHSling Angle Factor L/HBasic knowledge of Lifting SWL吊装安全工作负荷计算的基本知识36?Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊装安全知识37?Understand Hazard Types and Causes of Lift
39、ing & Rigging Work 了解起重吊装作业的危害种类及成因Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊装安全知识38Understand Hazard Types and Causes of L & R 了解起重吊装作业的危害种类及成因Types of Hazards 危害种类Overturns 倾覆Falls 坠落Electrocution 触电Compress 挤压Struck-down 物体击打Fire 火灾Other hazards 其它伤害39?Hazards Types and Causes of L&R Work 起重吊装作业的危害种
40、类及成因?How Do Accidents Occur?事故是如何发生的? Instability ? unsecured load, load capacity exceeded, or ground not even or too soft 不稳定性 - 装载不稳定、超载、或者是地面不达标或是土质过软? Lack of communication - the point of operation is too far from the crane operator or not in full view of the operator; 缺乏沟通 - 操作点距吊车司机过远或是不能完全控制在
41、司机的视野内? Lack of training 缺乏培训? Inadequate maintenance or inspection维护不足或检查不当40?Site Control of SOP-Lifting施工现场安全起重吊装控制流程Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊装安全知识41Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工现场安全起重吊装控制流程Risk assessment风险评估Crane Inspection Check List吊车进场检验L&R MS Approval吊装方案审批Issuance of PTW签发吊装
42、作业许可证Supervision at site吊装过程安全监督Inspection after work finish 吊装结束检验Site Inspection before start-up施工前现场检验42?Categories and Requirements of site L&R operation 现场吊装种类的范畴及相应要求 1, Normal lift 常规吊装作业 Executed as per SOP-Lifting, only with necessary records or paperwork accroding to site requirement ; 按照吊
43、装SOP(吊装操作流程)进行,只需要按照现场要求,做必要的记录或纸质文件; Normal lifts can only be performed by the dedicated operation team. In absence of signal man, rigger can perform his duty. 常规吊装作业必须由指定的吊装小组进行。在信号员不在场的情况下,起重工可行使信号员的功能 2, Hazardous lift 危险性吊装Under the following situations, lifts are regarded as hazardous lifts 在下
44、述情形下,视为危险性吊装More than 30 tons, 30吨80% of crane capacity at proposed operation radius 在规定操作半径下,被吊物重量达吊车负荷的80%Double lifts 使用两台吊车抬吊设备Equipment need to be assembled at site prior to L&R operation 需要进行现场组对的设备吊装43?Categories and Requirements of site L&R operation 现场吊装种类的范畴及相应要求Requirements 要求:Full writte
45、n Lifting Plan including MS & Risk Assessment approved by LF Safe Lifting Supervisor拉法基吊装安全工程师审批的全套书面吊装计划, 包括施工方案及风险评估 Norminated team dedicated to that particular lift number and tasks as per MS 指定的吊装队伍负责某项特定的吊装作业数量及任务根据施工方案内容 Record of pre-inspection / toolbox meeting / lifting operation record 吊装
46、前检查记录 / 班前会 / 吊装工作记录3, Large-scale lifts more than 40 tons大型吊装重量大于40吨Requirements 要求: Need documents mentioned in the second category in addition to special PTW for large-scale lifts上述2.中的所有条件, 以及大型吊装作业许可证PTW44 Site Control of SOP-Lifting施工现场安全起重吊装控制流程Risk Assessment风险评估表Risk Assessment - L & R风险评估表
47、45Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工现场安全起重吊装控制流程Crane Inspection Check List吊车进场检验Crane Approach Inspection Check List吊 车 进 场 检 查 清 单 46 Site Control of SOP-Lifting施工现场安全起重吊装控制流程Contractor submit L&R MS承包商提报吊装方案Submission提交Review and Approval of L&R Method StatementMS吊装方案审核Lafarge L&R SupervisorReview & Approve MS拉法基吊装安全工程师审核吊装方案 Failed 未通过Site Prepara
