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1、1.1 NVH Overview NVH 概论,Ford Motor Company Vehicle Attributes Engineering福特汽车公司整车设计部门,Vehicle NVH Awareness,J.Juan/M.Haffey,1,What is NVH?什么是NVH呢？,Noise-what the customer hears 噪声-指的是顾客所能听到的声音 Sound mainly in the 20HZ10000HZ frequency range.声音的频率大体上在20赫兹到10000赫兹之间。Characterized by frequency,level an
2、d quality.通过频率、级别和音质来描述。Vibration-What the customer fells and sees.振动-指的是顾客所感觉到的和看到的。Motion sensed by the body mainly in the 0.5HZ50HZ frequency range.身体所能感知运动的频率范围通常在0.5赫兹到50赫兹之间。Characterized by frequency,level and direction.通过频率、振幅和方向来描述。Harshness-Combined effects of noise and vibration 不舒适性-指的是噪
3、声和振动的综合影响。Rough,grating or discordant sensations.粗野的，刺耳的或不和谐的感觉。,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,2,NVH must fulfill legal requirements.NVH必须满足法定的要求。NVH should provide the acoustical/tactile feedback for safe and confident driving.NVH应该使乘员在驾驶方面有安全和自信的感觉。Link to operating conditions.在各种操作环境。Con
4、nection to earth.在各种路面。NVH should avoid any negative perception.NVH应该避免任何不好的感觉。unpleasant,unrefined,unexpected,and annoying events.令人不愉快的，粗俗的，意料之外的和令人讨厌的事情。NVH can exceed customer expectations.NVH应该能超过顾客的期望值。,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,3,NVH ObjectivesNVH的目标,NVH link to customer satisfac
5、tionNVH反映了消费者满意的程度,TGRPress review(examples)TGR媒体评论（例如）“Fiesta has a surprisingly quiet&well refined engine”“Fiesta有一台令人惊讶的安静而且舒适的发动机”“F150 ride is smooth quiet with the 4.6 L”“F150乘坐舒适安静的4.6升发动机汽车”TGRThings Gone Wrong 20%30%of TGW is NVH related.TGR所抱怨的事情 20%30%抱怨的产生都是与NVH有关系的。,Vehicle NVH Awarenes
6、s,1.1 NVH Overview,4,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,5,NVH Links to Company ProfitNVH关系着公司的利益,1529%of warranty cost has noise as a condition code.1529%的保修的费用是花费在与噪声有关的。1994 model year,36MIS,warranty cost associated with all noise was$346 million 18%of total warranty.94年型车，3年的在用车，在噪声方面的保修费用 是3
7、.46亿美元占总费用的18%。,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,6,NVH Links to Company Profit NVH关系着公司的利益,NVH Prototype cost reduction opportunity.COMBINED COST BREAKDOWN PROTOTYPE COST CONTRIBUTION 综合成本明细 样机花费的组成(TASE+SAFETY+NVH)（TASE+安全设备+NVH）,Total Cost=$303M(Base on TASE,Safety,NVH Cost of Attribute Stud
8、ies总支出=3.03亿美元（基于TASE，安全，NVH的研究费用）,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,7,Sound Generation Mechanism产生噪声的原理,Multiple mechanisms generate a variability of vehicle sound.汽车所产生噪声的原理是多种多样的。Combustion Airflow,pumping燃烧 气流，进排气Impacts between components Airflow,turbulences零件之间的撞击 气流，(液体或气体的)紊乱Friction co
9、ntact of components Surface roughness构件之间的摩擦 粗糙的表面Rotating parts Unbalance masses 旋转的部件 不平衡块Flow in pipes Tire force variation在管中的流动 轮胎压力的变化,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,8,Vehicle Sounds汽车的噪声,Combustion noise wind noise Gear rattle Bearing knock燃烧的噪声 风的噪声 齿轮传动的声音 轴承的敲击声Diesel knocking Sunr
10、oof noise Gear whine Electric windows柴油机的敲击声 遮阳顶棚的噪声 齿轮的声音 电动窗的噪声Valve train Door slam Gear lever tizz Tire noise 气阀机构的噪声 门的砰的声音 变速杆换档的噪声 轮胎的噪声FEAD noise Central locking Driveline clonk Exhaust noise FEAD噪声 中央门锁的噪声 动力传动系统的噪声 排气噪声PAS noise Switch noise Driveline thrash Squeaks and rattles动力转向系统的声音 开关
11、的噪声 动力传动系统的噪声 吱吱声和喀嚓声Fuel pump noise Indicator ticking Road noise Water splash noise 燃油泵的噪声 指示器的滴答声 道路的噪声 水溅的噪声Alternator whine Windscreen wipe noise Impact harshness Intake noise 交流发电机的噪声 挡风玻璃的噪声 撞击振动声 通风口的噪声,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,9,NVH PhenomenaNVH现象,OPERATING CONDITION操作环境,DESCRI
12、PTION描述,SOURCE 资源,Pass-ByDecelerationCruiseAccelerationIdleStaring,Boom Rumble Growl Whine Rattle SquealHiss,Engine Transmission Exhaust/intake Road Wind Tire,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,10,Vehicle Noise Examples 汽车的噪声举例,Wind Noise(80 mph HST)-1/12th Octave Spectrum.风的噪声（80英里每小时的高速试验）1/12
13、倍频程,分贝,频率,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,11,Vehicle Noise Examples汽车噪声举例,Road Noise(40mph Rough Rd.)-Narrow Spectrum.道路噪声（40英里每小时在粗糙路面之上）-窄频。,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,12,Vehicle Noise Examples汽车噪声举例,Power Noise(WOT)-Loudness&speech Intelligibility.动力系统噪声（WOT）-响度以及说话的清晰度,Vehicle
14、 NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,13,Subjective Impression主观感受,Created by the brain based on:建立在头脑感觉的基础之上：database,data analysis“This sounds like an engine”资料库，数据分析“这种噪声如同一台发动机”experience“I have head a variety of engines”经验“我听到了发动机的声音”bias“has never built good engines”偏见“从来没有生产过好的发动机”Company uses VERS
15、 to produce consistent ratings.公司用定额指标的方法生产产品。,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,14,Subjective/Objective Correlation主观与客观的相互关系,Objective measure is required for target setting/cascading.客观的方法需要满足目标的设置和层次。,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,15,Road NVH Target Cascade道路NVH目标层次,Road NVH(1),Bod
16、y Acoustic&Vibration sensitivities(4),Airborne Noise(3),Structure borne NVH(2),Suspension ForceInput in Body(5),Point Mobiles(8),Body Modes(9),Body Structure(10),Panel Damping&Noise Isolation(11),Seat VibrationTransmissibility(12),Seat modes(13),Sleeping columnVIB Sensitivity(14),Power train modes(1
17、5),Body/Frame/Sub frame Force Transmissibility(16),Suspension ForceTransmissibility(19),Body/Frame/Sub frame Mounts(17),Frame/Sub frame Modes(18),Suspension Mounts(20),Suspension Friction/sticktion(21),Shock Damping(22),Suspension Geometry(23),Road/Tire Contact force(26),Tire Properties(27),Tire Pre
18、ssure(28),Tire Size/Aspect Ratio(29),Tire Modes(30),Wheel Modes(31),Strut Modes(30),Imbalance Force(32),Sound PackageNoise Reduction(6),Tire Radiated Noise(7),Barrier Transmission Loss(33),Absorption(42),Carpet(43),Seat Material(44),Headliner(45),Wheelhouse(38),Floor(39),Side Panel(40),Glass(41),Loc
19、kage(34),Area ofHoles(pass-Through)(35),Wheel Modes(36),Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,16,Road NVH Design Guidelines道路NVH设计指导,Reduce body noise transfer functions(5:1).增加车身附件刚性/衬套刚性比(5:1)。Assure good modal separation.保证好的模态分离。-separate major body modes and acoustic cavities.分离主要的车体模态和有声音的。-s
20、eparate body modes from suspension modes.分离车体模式中的悬挂部分。-separate wheel modes from tire modes.把车轮和车胎分离开来。Reduce tire/wheel unbalance and tire radiated noise.减少车胎/轮不平衡性和车胎的辐射噪声。,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,17,Vehicle Attributes Compatibility车辆的兼容特性,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,18,C
21、ourse Expected Outcomes课程预期的结果,Understanding and appreciation of each major systems influence on NVH.理解和正确评价各个主要系统对NVH的影响。Understanding of design concept and guidelines for NVH and their trade-offs with other vehicle attributes.理解NVH的设计观念和指导方法以及其和车辆其它属性的协调。Understanding of engineering best practices
22、 and appropriate NVH tools/methods.理解工程中最好的常用的和适当的NVH设备/方法。Recognizing company expects and contact person for future assistance.理解公司的期望和认识以后有帮助的人。,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,19,NVH DepartmentsNVH部门,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,20,Course Outlines课程概要,Day1 第一天-Introduction to NVH
23、,Basic NVH Concepts,DOE.介绍NVH，初步了解NVH的概念，能源部。-Sound Quality Engineering.噪声质量工程。-R202,Target Setting Strategies.R202,设定目标策略。Day2 第二天-P/T NVH.-P/T systems NVH.,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,21,Course Outlines(Contd）课程概要(续),Day3 第三天-Road NVH.-道路VNH。-Chassis NVH,Brake Roughness.-底盘NVH,制动粗暴。-Squeak&Rattle.-尖叫声和卡吱声。Day4-Vehicle Drive/Demonstration.第四天-车辆驾驶/示范。Day5 第五天-Body NVH-车身NVH-Wind Noise-风的噪声,
