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1、电大岩土力学期末复习试题及参考答案资料小抄一、填空题（每空1分，共25分）1. 土的颗粒分析试验最常用的室内试验方法有 和 。2. 土的不均匀系数Cu= ;曲率系数Cc= 。3. 土的压缩性指标可以用 和 来表示，e-p曲线愈陡，土的压缩性就愈 （高、低）。4 土的抗剪强度试验的目的，是测定土的抗剪强度指标 和 。 5. 某土单元体抗剪强度指标c20Kpa，大主应力1400Kpa，则该单元体小主应力3 Kpa时，该土处于极限平衡状态，若3200Kpa，该土处于 状态。6 表示岩石吸水能力的物理指标有 和 ，两者的比值被称为 ，它对于判别岩石的 具有重要意义。7. 岩石的破坏形式： 、 、 。8
2、. 均质岩石破坏面与主应力面总成一定的关系，当抗压破坏时，破裂面与最大主应力成 角，当拉断时，破裂面就是 。9. 无裂隙围岩的应力计算方法有 和 。10.岩滑根据滑动面的形式，组合可分为： ， 和 。二、判断题（每题2分，共10分）1. 不均匀系数Cu愈大，说明土粒愈不均匀。 （ ）2. 土的压缩模量是指在安全侧限条件下竖向应力增量与竖向应变之比。 （ ）3. 根据莫尔-库伦准则可证明均质岩石的破坏面法线与大应力方向间夹角为（ ）4. 由于洞室围岩的变形和破坏而作用于支护或衬砌上的压力称为山岩压力。（ ）5. 岩石浸水饱和后强度降低的性质称为岩石的软化性，用软化系数表示。 （ ） 三、简答题（
3、每题5分，共25分）1. 土的级配曲线的特征可用哪两个系数来表示？这两个系数是怎样定义的？2. 什么叫土的抗剪强度?常用的试验方法有哪些?3. 什么叫滑坡？滑坡滑动面的形式有几种？4. 直剪破坏试验全过程曲线可分几段？各区段的特点是什么？岩石直剪破坏试验全过程曲线如图所示四、计算题（每题10分，共40分）1. 某试样，在天然状态下的体积为140 cm3，质量为240g，烘干后的质量重为190g，设土粒比重为2.67，试求该试样的天然容重、含水量、孔隙比、饱和度。2. 有一8m厚的饱和粘土层，上下两面均可排水，现从粘土层中心处取得2cm厚的试样做固结试验（试样上下均有透水石）。试样在某级压力下达
4、到60的固结度需要8分钟，则该粘土层在同样的固结压力作用下达到60的固结度需要多少时间？若该粘土层单面排水，所需时间为多少？（12分）3. 某岩样C=20Kpa，若该岩样受到最小主应力，最大主应力，试判断该岩样是否处于稳定状态？4. 某圆形洞室围岩=25千牛/米3，埋置深度H=160米，洞的半径米。设折减后的凝聚力MPa，求松动压力。 系数k1曲线 系数k2曲线参考答案一、填空题1. 土的颗粒分析试验最常用的室内试验方法有 筛析法 和 比重计法 。2. 土的不均匀系数Cu= ;曲率系数Cc= 。3. 土的压缩性指标可以用 压缩系数av 和 压缩指数Cc 来表示，e-p曲线愈陡，土的压缩性就愈
5、高 （高、低）。4土的抗剪强度试验的目的，是测定土的抗剪强度指标内摩擦角和凝聚力。 5. 某土单元体抗剪强度指标c20Kpa，大主应力1400Kpa，则该单元体小主应力3 182 Kpa时，该土处于极限平衡状态，若3200Kpa，该土处于 稳定 状态。6表示岩石吸水能力的物理指标有吸水率和饱和吸水率，两者的比值被称为饱水系数，它对于判别岩石的抗冻性具有重要意义。7. 岩石的破坏形式：脆性破坏、延性破坏、弱面剪切破坏。8. 均质岩石破坏面与主应力面总成一定的关系，当抗压破坏时，破裂面与最大主应力成角，当拉断时，破裂面就是最大主应力面。9.无裂隙围岩的应力计算方法有内应力分配法和抗力系数法。10.
6、 岩滑根据滑动面的形式，组合可分为：平面滑动，楔形滑动和旋转滑动。二、判断题1. 不均匀系数Cu愈大，说明土粒愈不均匀。 （ ）2. 土的压缩模量是指在安全侧限条件下竖向应力增量与竖向应变之比。（ ）3. 根据莫尔库伦准则可证明均质岩石的破坏面法线与大应力方向间夹角为（）4. 由于洞室围岩的变形和破坏而作用于支护或衬砌上的压力称为山岩压力。（ ）5. 岩石浸水饱和后强度降低的性质称为岩石的软化性，用软化系数表示。（ ）五、简答题（每题5分，共25分）1. 土的级配曲线的特征可用哪两个系数来表示？这两个系数是怎样定义的？答：不均匀系数和曲率系数 ， ，为粒径分布曲线上小于某粒径的土粒含量分别为1
7、0%，30%，60%时所对应的粒径。2. 什么叫土的抗剪强度?常用的试验方法有哪些?土的抗剪强度是指土体对于外荷载所产生的剪应力的极限抵抗能力。抗剪强度试验的方法有室内试验和野外试验等，室内最常用的是直剪试验、三轴压缩试验和无侧限抗压强度试验等。野外试验有原位十字板剪切试验等。3. 确定地基承载力的方法有那些？答：(1)按土的强度理论确定地基承载力（普朗特极限承载力公式、太沙基极限承载力公式、魏锡克极限承载力公式）(2)规范查表方法（根据野外坚定结果或土的物理性质指标查表确定）。(3)静载荷试验及其它原位测试方法（标准贯入试验、静力触探试验，轻便触探试4. 直剪破坏试验全过程曲线可分几段？各区
8、段的特点是什么？岩石直剪破坏试验全过程曲线如图所示该曲线共分三段。第一段：原点p区段，该段近似为一直线即变形为弹性，p为极限强度(即裂隙开始发展的强度)；第二段：p f区段，f为峰值强度，该段内裂隙发展至破坏；第三段：fo区段。o为剪断面上的摩擦力(剩余强度)5. 什么叫滑坡？滑坡滑动面的形式有几种 当岩坡受力过大或岩石强度过低，一部分岩体向下或向外滑动叫滑坡，滑波滑动面有三种：软弱结构面；结构面；在岩体中。六、计算题（每题10分，共40分）1. 某试样，在天然状态下的体积为140 cm3，质量为240g，烘干后的质量重为190g，设土粒比重为2.67，试求该试样的天然容重、含水量、孔隙比、饱
9、和度。解：（1）试样的天然容重 （2）含水量（3）孔隙比待添加的隐藏文字内容2（4）饱和度 2. 有一8m厚的饱和粘土层，上下两面均可排水，现从粘土层中心处取得2cm厚的试样做固结试验（试样上下均有透水石）。试样在某级压力下达到60的固结度需要8分钟，则该粘土层在同样的固结压力作用下达到60的固结度需要多少时间？若该粘土层单面排水，所需时间为多少？（12分）解：由于原位土层和试样土的固结度相等，且值相等，因而又土的性质相同， （如改单面，其达到60%固结度时间为由 ， 则 3. 埋深200m处的岩体内开挖一硐径为2a=2m圆形断面隧道，如果岩体中初始地应力为静水压力式，并且上覆岩层的平均容重为
10、g/cm3，若隧道周岩的抗剪强度指标MPa，试用莫尔-库仑强度条件评价其硐壁的稳定性。解： 洞壁：1=2z 3=0 (不稳定)4. 某圆形洞室围岩=25千牛/米3，埋置深度H=160米，洞的半径米。设折减后的凝聚力MPa，求松动压力。 系数k1曲线 系数k2曲线 解：MPa， ，则由查图6-27和图6-28的曲线得：，所以MPaO(_)O谢谢！【Chinas 10 must-see animations】The Chinese animation industry has seen considerable growth in the last several years. It went t
11、hrough a golden age in the late 1970s and 1980s when successively brilliant animation work was produced. Here are 10 must-see classics from Chinas animation outpouring that are not to be missed. Lets recall these colorful images that brought the country great joy. Calabash Brothers Calabash Brothers
12、 (Chinese: 葫芦娃) is a Chinese animation TV series produced byShanghaiAnimationFilmStudio. In the 1980s the series was one of the most popular animations in China. It was released at a point when the Chinese animation industry was in a relatively downed state compared to the rest of the international
13、community. Still, the series was translated into 7 different languages. The episodes were produced with a vast amount of paper-cut animations. Black Cat Detective Black Cat Detective (Chinese: 黑猫警长) is a Chinese animation television series produced by the Shanghai Animation Film Studio. It is someti
14、mes known as Mr. Black. The series was originally aired from 1984 to 1987. In June 2006, a rebroadcasting of the original series was announced. Critics bemoan the series violence, and lack of suitability for childrens education. Proponents of the show claim that it is merely for entertainment. Effen
15、di Effendi, meaning sir andteacher in Turkish, is the respectful name for people who own wisdom and knowledge. The heros real name was Nasreddin. He was wise and witty and, more importantly, he had the courage to resist the exploitation of noblemen. He was also full of compassion and tried his best
16、to help poor people. Adventure of Shuke and Beita【舒克与贝塔】 Adventure of Shuke and Beita (Chinese: 舒克和贝塔) is a classic animation by Zheng Yuanjie, who is known as King of Fairy Tales in China. Shuke and Beita are two mice who dont want to steal food like other mice. Shuke became a pilot and Beita becam
17、e a tank driver, and the pair met accidentally and became good friends. Then they befriended a boy named Pipilu. With the help of PiPilu, they co-founded an airline named Shuke Beita Airlines to help other animals. Although there are only 13 episodes in this series, the content is very compact and a
18、ttractive. The animation shows the preciousness of friendship and how people should be brave when facing difficulties. Even adults recalling this animation today can still feel touched by some scenes. Secrets of the Heavenly Book Secrets of the Heavenly Book, (Chinese: 天书奇谈)also referred to as Legen
19、d of the Sealed Book or Tales about the Heavenly Book, was released in 1983. The film was produced with rigorous dubbing and fluid combination of music and vivid animations. The story is based on the classic literature Ping Yao Zhuan, meaning The Suppression of the Demons by Feng Menglong. Yuangong,
20、 the deacon, opened the shrine and exposed the holy book to the human world. He carved the books contents on the stone wall of a white cloud cave in the mountains. He was then punished with guarding the book for life by the jade emperor for breaking heavens law. In order to pass this holy book to hu
21、man beings, he would have to get by the antagonist fox. The whole animation is characterized by charming Chinesepainting, including pavilions, ancient architecture, rippling streams and crowded markets, which fully demonstrate the unique beauty of Chinas natural scenery. Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wo
22、lf【喜洋洋与灰太狼】 Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf (Chinese:喜羊羊与灰太狼) is a Chinese animated television series. The show is about a group of goats living on the Green Pasture, and the story revolves around a clumsy wolf who wants to eat them. It is a popular domestic animation series and has been adapted into
23、movies. Nezha Conquers the Dragon King（Chinese: 哪吒闹海）is an outstanding animation issued by the Ministry of Culture in 1979 and is based on an episode from the Chinese mythological novel Fengshen Yanyi. A mother gave birth to a ball of flesh shaped like a lotus bud. The father, Li Jing, chopped open
24、the ball, and beautiful boy, Nezha, sprung out. One day, when Nezha was seven years old, he went to the nearby seashore for a swim and killed the third son of the Dragon King who was persecuting local residents. The story primarily revolves around the Dragon Kings feud with Nezha over his sons death
25、. Through bravery and wit, Nezha finally broke into the underwater palace and successfully defeated him. The film shows various kinds of attractive sceneries and the traditional culture of China, such as spectacular mountains, elegant sea waves and exquisite ancient Chinese clothes. It has received
26、a variety of awards. Havoc in Heaven The story of Havoc in Heaven（Chinese: 大闹天宫）is based on the earliest chapters of the classic storyJourney to the West. The main character is Sun Wukong, aka the Monkey King, who rebels against the Jade Emperor of heaven. The stylized animation and drums and percus
27、sion accompaniment used in this film are heavily influenced byBeijingOpera traditions. The name of the movie became a colloquialism in the Chinese language to describe someone making a mess. Regardless that it was an animated film, it still became one of the most influential films in all of Asia. Co
28、untless cartoon adaptations that followed have reused the same classic story Journey to the West, yet many consider this 1964 iteration to be the most original, fitting and memorable, The Golden Monkey Defeats a Demon【金猴降妖】 The Golden Monkey Defeats a Demon (Chinese: 金猴降妖), also referred as The Monk
29、ey King Conquers the Demon, is adapted from chapters of the Chinese classics Journey to the West, or Monkey in the Western world. The five-episode animation series tells the story of Monkey King Sun Wukong, who followed Monk Xuan Zangs trip to the West to take the Buddhistic sutra. They met a white
30、bone evil, and the evil transformed human appearances three times to seduce the monk. Twice Monkey King recognized it and brought it down. The monk was unable to recognize the monster and expelled Sun Wukong. Xuan Zang was then captured by the monster. Fortunately Bajie, another apprentice of Xuan Z
31、ang, escaped and persuaded the Monkey King to come rescue the monk. Finally, Sun kills the evil and saves Xuan Zang. The outstanding animation has received a variety of awards, including the 6th Hundred Flowers Festival Award and the Chicago International Childrens Film Festival Award in 1989. McDul
32、l【麦兜】 McDull is a cartoon pig character that was created inHong Kongby Alice Mak and Brian Tse. Although McDull made his first appearances as a supporting character in the McMug comics, McDull has since become a central character in his own right, attracting a huge following in Hong Kong. The first McDull movie McMug Story My Life as McDull documented his life and the relationship between him and his mother.The McMug Story My Life as McDull is also being translated into French and shown in France. In this version, Mak Bing is the mother of McDull, not his father.
