《Lecture 5 The Victorian Period.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Lecture 5 The Victorian Period.ppt（90页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、The Victorian Period,Time Spanthe reign of Queen Victoria(1819 1901)1837-1901,Queen Elizabeth&Queen Victoria1st,on the throne for a long period of time2nd,England developed rapidly both politically and economically3rd,literature flourished,Classifications of the Writers Victorian novelistsCharles Di
2、ckens,William Makepeace Thackeray,Charlotte/Emily/Bronte,George Eliot,Thomas Hardy2.Victorian poetsAlfred Tennyson,The Brownings3.Victorian playwrightsOscar Wilde,George Bernard Shaw,Novel was the dominant form in Victorian literature.The Rise of the Women Novelists,Charles Dickens狄更斯Victorian Novel
3、ist,17 novelsthree stages1st period:the youthful enthusiasm and optimism:The Posthumous Papers of Pickwick Club匹克威克外传Oliver Twist雾都孤儿The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店,2nd Period:irritation and frustration-exposing the corrupting influence of wealth and powerA Christmas Carol圣诞颂歌Dombey and Son 董贝父子David Cop
4、perfield(autobiographical)大卫科波菲尔,The third period:intensifying pessimism-showing underlying tone of bitterness,loss of hope for English bourgeois society1)Bleak House 荒凉山庄2)Hard Times 艰难时世3)Little Dorrit小杜丽,4)A Tale of Two Cities 双城记 5)Great Expectations 远大前程6)Our Mutual Friend我们的共同朋友,Oliver TwistTh
5、e novel is famous for its vivid descriptions of the workhouse and life of the underworld in the 19th-century London.,A Tale of Two CitiesOpening linesDictation,It was the best of times,it was the worst of times,it was the age of wisdom,it was the age of foolishness,it was the epoch of belief,it was
6、the epoch of incredulity,it was the season of Light,it was the season of Darkness,it was the spring of hope,it was the winter of despair,we had everything before us,we had nothing before us,we were all going direct to Heaven,we were all going direct the other way.,那是最美好的时代，那是最糟糕的时代；那是智慧的年头，那是愚昧的年头；那
7、是信仰的时期，那是怀疑的时期；那是光明的季节，那是黑暗的季节；那是希望的春天，那是失望的冬天；我们拥有一切，我们一无所有;我们全都在直奔天堂，我们全都在直奔地狱。,It is a far,far better thing that I do than I have ever done;It is a far,far better rest that I go to than I have ever known.(Final sentence)这是我一生中最乐意做的事这里是我最好的安息之所 There are dark shadows on the earth,but its lights ar
8、e stronger in the contrast.世界有阴影，但亮光在对比下显得更强。,Great Expectations,ThemeA novel about great expectations,or dreams and disillusionsThe personal development of Pip from an innocent,honest boy to a vain,selfish,snobbish young gentleman.The painful experience in the struggle to grow up,to“climb up”or to
9、succeed in the commercialized world.,CommentsCharles Dickens is one of the greatest critical realistic writers of the Victorian Age.His novels offered us a profound complete realistic picture of the English society of mid-19th century.,Charlotte Bront(1816-1855)Emily Bront(1818-1848)Anne Bront(1820-
10、1849)Agnes Grey艾格尼斯格雷,Charlotte Bront(1816-1855)夏洛蒂勃朗特,Jane Eyre,Jane Eyre is a first-person narrative of the title character.Page 124,Emily Bront(1818-1848)艾米莉勃朗特,Wuthering Heights,Plota story of doomed love and revengeThe abandoned boy Heathcliff was adopted by Mr.Earnshaw and lived with Mr.Earnsh
11、aws son Hindley and daughter Catherine.Hindley disliked Heathcliff.He insulted and maltreated Heathcliff in every possible way after Mr.Earnshaws death.At the same time,peculiar emotion occurred between Catherine and Heathcliff.,Because of vanity and ignorance,Catherine decided to marry Linton.Heath
12、cliff left with anger.Three years later,Heathcliff returned to revenge.He succeeded in annexing all the property of Hindleys and the Lintons.However,Catherines ghost haunted him all the time,and he died in mental disorder.,If all else perished,and he remained,I should still continue to be;and if all
13、 else remained,and he were annihilated,the universe would turn to a mighty stranger:I should not seem a part of it.如果你还在这个世界存在着，那么这个世界无论什么样，对我都是有意义的.但是如果你不在了，无论这个世界有多么好，它在我眼里也只是一片荒漠。而我就像是一个孤魂野鬼。,It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff so low;so he shall never know how I love him;and that,not because
14、 hes handsome,Nelly,but because hes more myself than I am.Whatever our souls are made of,his and mine are the same;and Lintons is as different as a moonbeam from lightening,or frost from fire.,George Eliot乔治艾略特 pseudonymMary Ann Evans novelist in the mid-Victorian period and the most prolific woman
15、writer in the 19th-century England,Major Works:Silas Marner织工马南The Mill on the Floss(heavily autobiographical)弗洛斯河上的磨坊Middlemarch米德尔马契multi-dimensional presentation of the provincial life in a small town called Middlemarch,Thomas Hardy(1840-1928)哈代 Novelist,His best local-colored works:Far from the
16、Madding Crowd 远离尘嚣 The Return of the Native还乡The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长Tess of the DUrbervilles德伯家的苔丝Jude the Obscure无名的裘德,Wessex Novels威塞克斯小说Dorchester is the main background in his works,which he called Wessex the fictional simple and beautiful though primitive rural region,threatened by the
17、invading capitalism.These novels describe the unexpected and huge changes in fields of society,economy,politics,ethics and customs in England after the invasion of capitalism and the miserable fate of the broken farmers.,Tess of the DurbervillesA Pure Woman Faithfully Presented,Tragic experience of
18、its heroine Tess Tess comes from a farmers family.One day her father learns that they are descended from the DUrbervilles,an ancient family once renowned in England.Her mother urges Tess to claim kinship with the DUrbervilles,so that Tess could marry a gentleman.Unwillingly,the girl comes in contact
19、 with the DUrbervilles.There she meets Alec DUrbervilles,who shows off the estate and always seduces her.,Having received a job of tending to chickens,Tess stays in the DUrbervilles.Before long Alec manages to seduce the girl and make her pregnant.Being humiliated,Tess returns home.Despite the rumor
20、s all around,she gives birth to a child,who is called Sorrow but dies soon because of grave illness.For several weeks,Tess is overwhelmed by grief and sorrow.,Nevertheless,without financial support,Tess has to leave home and goes to work as a dairymaid at a distant farm,where she meets Angel Claire.
21、After Angel persistent pursuit of Tess,the two fall in love and become engaged.Then comes the wedding night,too honest to keep any secret,Tess admits about Alec DUrbervilles and the child.She begs for forgiveness,but Angel leaves her in disgust.,Tess again returns home alone,only find that her famil
22、y remains impoverished and she even has no place to stay.In the meantime,Alec DUrbervilles,the evil person appears again.He takes advantage of the her family poverty and continues to tempt Tess.He promises to support her family,only as a means to make Tess dependent.At the end of hope,the girl jumps
23、 into the trap of the shameless man.,Angel Claire,who is remorseful for his mercilessness,comes back,but to find the cruel reality.And his arrival makes Tess even more desperate.After Angel leaves,she stabs Alec in the heart and kills him.Then she follows Angel and escape with him.They manage to hid
24、e for a while in a wood before they come to Stonehenge,where she is arrested.She is hanged later.,Page 132,Comments on Thomas Hardy,The last and one of the greatest Victorian novelistsa great poet at the turn of the twentieth century,TEM 8 PracticeWhich of the following novels was written by Emily B
25、ronte?A.Oliver TwistB.MiddlemarchC.Jane EyreD.Wuthering HeightsD,Although writing from different points of view and with different techniques,writers in the Victorian Period shared one thing in common,that is,they were all concerned about _.the love story between the rich and the poor the techniques
26、 in writing the fate of common people the future of their own countryC,The author of the work Dombey and Son is _.Charles Dickens Henry James Robert Browning ThackerayA,“Do you think,because I am poor,obscure,plain and little,I am soulless and heartless?.”This is most probably taken from _.Great Exp
27、ectations Jane Eyre Wuthering Heights Pride and PrejudiceB,The success of Jane Eyre is not only because of its sharp criticism of the existing society,but also due to its introduction to the English novel the first _ heroine.worker peasant governess explorerC,_ not only continued to expose and criti
28、cize all sorts of social iniquities,but finally came to question and attack the Victorian conventions and morals.George Eliot Thomas Hardy Charles Dickens Emily BronteB,A typical feature of the English Victorian literature is that writers became _,exposing all kinds of social evils.didactic authors
29、individual idealists moral critics religious advocatorsC,_ is considered to be the autobiography of Charles Dickens.Oliver Twist Great Expectations A Tale of Two Cities David CopperfieldD,By the 1830s,all the great Romantic poets had died except Wordsworth,who was no longer creative,but the developm
30、ent of English poetry did not stop.In many ways,Victorian poetry is a continuation of the Romantic poetry of the previous age.Dramatic monologue is the great achievement of Victorian poetry.,Alfred Tennyson(1809-1892)阿尔弗雷德丁尼生,Two CollectionsIn Memoriam悼念 the death of Arthur Henry Hallam Idylls of th
31、e King国王之歌King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table,Poems“Break,Break,Break”拍岸曲“Crossing the Bar”过沙洲“Ulysses”尤利西斯“To strive,to seek,to find,and not to yield”,Break,break,break,碎裂！啊，大海的波涛On thy cold grey stones,O Sea!在灰冷的危岩上崩溃，碎裂！And I would that my tongue could utter 但愿我胸中涌起的思情The thoughts that
32、 arise in me.能在舌端倾泻。,Note,O well for the fishermans boy,嬉戏的渔家儿女That he shouts with his sister at play!奔逐喧闹，多么亲切！O well for the sailor lad,帆樯下的少年水手That he sings in his boat on the bay!放声歌唱，多么喜悦！,And the stately ships go on 山麓期盼中的港湾To their haven under the hill;把庄严的航船迎接。But O for the touch of a vanish
33、d hand,而我渴望触及的手不再回归，And the sound of a voice that is still!我渴望倾听的嗓音已然寂灭！,Break,break,break,碎裂！啊，大海的波涛At the foot of thy crags,O Sea!在峭壁下崩溃，碎裂！But the tender grace of a day that is dead 温柔美好的日子死了，Will never come back to me.已然永远和我诀别。,Alfred Tennyson was the leading poet of the Victorian Age in England
34、.He was made poet laureate in 1850 when Wordsworth died.He voices the doubt and the faith,the grief and the joy of English people in an age of fast social change.,Robert Browning Elizabeth Barrett Browning勃朗宁,Love StoryIn 1845,Robert met Elizabeth Barrett,who lived as a semi-invalid and virtual pris
35、oner in her fathers house.Gradually a significant romance developed between them,leading to their secret marriage 1846.In 1846,the couple eloped and settled in Italy.,Robert Browningdramatic monologueIt is a kind of poem in which a single fictional or historical character other than the poet speaks
36、to a silent audience of one or more persons.Major examples are Tennysons“Ulysses”and Brownings“My Last Duchess”.,Home-Thoughts,from abroad啊，但愿此刻身在英格兰，趁这四月天，一个早晨醒来，谁都会突然发现：榆树四周低矮的枝条和灌木丛中，小小的嫩叶已显出一片葱茏，听那苍头燕雀正在果园里唱歌，在英格兰啊，在此刻！,Images?Visual:brushwood sheaf Auditive:chaffinch singsTheme?Tune?,Elizabeth
37、Barrett BrowningSonnets from the Portuguese葡萄牙十四行诗集“How Do I Love Thee”,How do I love thee?Let me count the ways.I love thee to the depth and breadth and heightMy soul can reach,when feeling out of sightFor the ends of Being and ideal Grace.我是怎样的爱你？诉不尽万语千言：我爱你的程度是那样地高深和广远，恰似我的灵魂曾飞到了九天与黄泉，去探索人生的奥妙和神灵
38、的恩典。,I love thee to the level of everydaysMost quiet need,by sun and candlelight.I love thee freely,as men strive for Right;I love thee purely,as they turn from Praise.无论是白昼还是夜晚，我爱你不息，象我每日必须的食物不能间断。我纯洁地爱你，不为奉承吹捧迷惑，我勇敢地爱你，如同为正义而奋争。,I love thee with the passion put to useIn my old griefs,and with my c
39、hildhoods faith.爱你，以昔日的剧痛和童年的忠诚，爱你，以眼泪、笑声及全部的生命。,I love thee with a love I seemed to loseWith my lost saints,I love thee with the breath,Smiles,tears,of all my life!and,if God choose,I shall but love thee better after death.如果没有你，我的心就失去了圣贤，如果没有你，我的心就失去了激情。假如上帝愿意，请为我作主和见证：在我死后，我必将爱你更深，更深。,The turn of
40、 the 20th century saw a flourish of dramatic works.,Oscar Wilde王尔德Irish novelist,poet,dramatist,We are all in the gutter,but some of us are looking at the stars.I can resist everything except temptation.Always forgive your enemies;nothing annoys them so much.The heart is made to be broken.,The Happy
41、 Prince and Other Tales“The Happy Prince”“The Nightingale and the Rose”“The Selfish Giant”,NovelThe Picture of Dorian Gray道林格雷的画像,Preface of The Picture of Dorian Gray:The artist is the creator of beautiful things.To reveal art and conceal the artist is arts sake.There is no such thing as a moral or
42、 an immoral book.Books are well written,or badly written.That is all.aestheticism-Art for arts sake,DramasPage 139A Woman of No Importance无足轻重的女人The Importance of Being Earnest认真的重要性An Ideal Husband理想的丈夫,Comment on WildeWilde was one of the most celebrated dramatists in the last decade of the 19th c
43、entury.He was the representative of the aesthetic movement which appeared on the literary scene of England in the late Victorian period.,George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳1856-1950Irish Dramatist,In the 1930s,he visited Soviet Union and China,I was born intelligent-education ruined me.Practice makes perfect.But
44、 nobodys perfect.so why practice?Every man should marry.After all,happiness is not the only thing in life.The wise never marry and when they marry they become otherwise.Your future depends on your dreams.So go to sleep.,If you have an apple and I have an apple and we exchange apples then you and I w
45、ill still each have one apple.But if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exchange these ideas,then each of us will have two ideas.There are two tragedies in life.One is not to get your hearts desire.The other is to get it.,Classification of PlaysEarly plays:Widowers House鳏夫的房产Mrs.Warrens Prof
46、ession 华伦夫人的职业2.History plays:St.Joan圣女贞德,3.Life ForceMan and Superman人与超人 Back to Methuselah千岁人,Pygmalion皮格马利翁/卖花女,one of the most popular plays of Bernard ShawIt describes the transformation of a flower-seller,Eliza,into a passable imitation of a duchess by the phonetician Professor Higgins who un
47、dertakes this task in order to win a bet and to prove his own points about English speech and the class system.,Comments“He is considered to be the best-known English dramatist sine Shakespeare.”In his works,social problems are given in-depth analysis through the medium of drama.,_ is best known for
48、 the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems.A.Will BlakeB.W.B.YeatsC.Robert BrowningD.William WordsworthC,Structurally and thematically Bernard Shaw followed the great traditions of _.romanticism realism pre-romanticism modernismB,Tennysons poem,Idylls of the King was based on _.the Celtic leg
49、ends an Italian document a Roman murder case the BibleA,Which of the following poem is not written by Victorian poets?Break,Break,Break My Last Duchess The Isles of Greece In MemoriamC,The following comments on George Bernard Shaw are true except _.His career as a a dramatist began in 1892 when his
50、first play Windowers Houses was put on.Shaw began his literary career by writing novels soon after his settling down in London.Shaws writings reflect the combination of realism and naturalism.Shaws plays can be termed as problem play.C,Problem Play:It is a play dealing with a particular social probl
