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1、Operations Management(OM),Learning Objectives,Define production,manufacturing and operations.Describe production processes Explain planning operationsDiscuss controlling operationsSummarize modern production issues and techniques,Question,How do you make dumpling?Can you describe the whole process-h
2、ow to prepare,what ingredients are needed,how to make them the final products?,What is Production and operations?,Comparing 3 Definitions,Production ManufacturingOperations,Definitions,1.Production:the process of transforming inputs into outputs,include efforts,ideas,designs etc.tangible goods(recog
3、nizable physical products)intangible service(hospital,airline etc.),2.Manufacturing:a part of productiontangible goods by hand or with machinery,3.Operations:functions needed to keep the company producing.Purchasingmaterials managementProductioninventory and quality controlmaintenance and manufactur
4、ing engineeringplant management,PeopleTechnologyEquipmentMaterialsCapitalInformation,Production Process,Input:,Transformation Process:Work activitiesManagement activitiesTechnology and operations methods,Output:Finished goods&servicesFinancial resultsInformationHuman results,Take Tianjin Univ.as an
5、example,please identify what are the inputs,transformation process and outputs?,Inputs,Professors BooksAcademic journalsAudiovisual materialsComputersClassrooms,teachers work activitiesmanagement activitiesthe teaching technology and methods,Transformation Process,Outputs,To transform“unenlightened”
6、students into educated and skilled individuals.,Processes,Parts,People,Planning and Control Systems,The 5 Ps in OM,Plants,Operations Management,Controlling Operations,Planning operations,Planning Operations,Capacity planningFacilities location planningProcess planningFacilities layout planning,Aggre
7、gate planMaster schedulingMaterial requirements planning(MRP),Capacity planning,Facilities Location PlanningWhere you choose to locate will depend on which factors have the greatest impact on total production and distribution costs.,proximity to customers(perishable,heavy or bulky items)proximity to
8、 suppliers,Factors influencing plant location,(perishable items or products with high transportation costs),availability of needed labor skills(labor costs)(highly skilled people are needed)energy costs(requiring a great of energy)community consideration(low taxes,fine educational systems,clean wate
9、r,etc.),Process planning,Production line producing production line workers,Production Processes,Synthetic processAnalytic process,Process manufacturingAssembly process,Continuous process(连续性加工）Intermittent process（间歇式加工）,mass-productionLong production runchemical plant,FlexibleShort production run J
10、ob-order productioncustomer-designed,Identify the following processes?,Crude oil is reduced to Gasoline,wax,fuel,Analytic process,In fabric industry,materials are changed by chemical and heat process before being formed,Synthetic process,Process manufacturing,Layout planning begins by assessing spac
11、e needs.Space has to be provided for work areas,tools and equipment,storage,maintenance facilities,rest rooms,offices,lunch areas and cafeterias,waiting rooms,even parking lots.,process layout product layout fixed-position layout,Three work flow layouts,It arranges components(such as work centers,eq
12、uipment,or departments)together according to similarity of function.,Process layout,The components are arranged according to the progressive steps by which the product is made.progressive:adj 渐次的,渐进的,Product layout,It is used when the product remains at one location because of its size.The product s
13、tays in place,and tools,equipment,and human skills are brought to it.,Fixed-position layout,Aggregate planMaster schedulingMaterial requirements planning(MRP),Material Management,Materials(物料）,raw,parts,MRP,Material Requirements Planning,A computer-based system that uses sales forecasts to make sure
14、 that needed parts and materials are available at the right place and at the right time.,MRP II,Manufacturing Resources Planning,Advance version of MRP,All resources involved in the efficient making of a product,more than just material requirements,Projected salesPersonnelPlant capacityDistribution
15、limitation,ERP,Enterprise resources planning,The latest version of MRP,Computer-based production and operations system,Controlling Operations,purchasing control inventory Control maintenance control cost control quality control,I.Purchasing control,The processes and output depend on the inputs they“
16、eat”,Humans are what they eat,Management must monitor:Delivery Performance Quality Quantity Price of inputs from suppliers,II.Inventory Control,Inventory:a list of goods and materials held available in the stock.,ManufacturerDistributorWholesaler,warehouse,retailer,shop,Efficiency is maintained by h
17、aving the supplier linked by computer to the producer.,III.Maintenance Control,Delivering goods or services efficiently&effectively,high equipment use minimum amount of downtime,direct costs,Salaries and insurance expenses,Labor and materials costs,IV.Cost Control,incurred in proportion to the outpu
18、t of good or service,indirect costs,unaffected by changes in output,Cost:,V.Quality Management,Quality is a Journey,not a Destination,What is Quality?,Quality is“fitness for use”(Joseph Juran)Quality is“conformance to requirements”(Philip B.Crosby),Quality of a product or services is its ability to
19、satisfy the needs and expectations of the customer,PerformanceFeaturesReliabilityServiceabilityDurabilityAppearanceCustomer serviceSafety,8 Dimensions of Quality,Evolution of Quality Management,Quality Control,Quality Assurance,TQM,Inspection,TQM,Quality Control,Measurement against standardsDone at
20、the end of the production line Detect defective output rather than prevent,Quality Assurance,Quality characteristics&standards:Customer preferencesTechnical specificationsMarketing suggestionsCompetitive products,TQMTotal Quality Management,What Is TQM?,Continuous improvementEmployee involvementCust
21、omer satisfaction Lower cost,ISO 9000,International qualitymanagement standards,set uniform guidelines for processes to ensure that products conform to customer requirements from contract review to product design to product delivery,Six SigmaTo judge the suppliers,many quality-driven businesses esta
22、blishes a quality standard,a goal of no more than 3.4 defects per million units or procedures.,Modern Production Techniques,Computer techniques,flexibility,speed,Flexible Manufacturing Systems(柔性制造系统）,RobotsAutomatic materials handling equipmentComputer-controlled machine tools,Customized parts,With
23、out raising costs significantly,FMS+JIT,Three applications of the computer,Computer-aided design(CAD)Computer-aided Manufacturing(CAM)Computer-aided engineering(CAE),CAD+CAM=CIM,CIM:Computer-integrated manufacturing,计算机集成制造,Software programs to unite CAD with CAM,Lean Manufacturing(精益 生产),Less of ev
24、erything,MajpjMVcyzj21HLfrvy96dv02lPPfYgxUS7IYmZkyEmZ0kGeYZS3bpLCkYH1lt4EK7CxmUX3ijoYSOer7ZuaVWYgz4EpZrUirVpMzzvNtf1XZw5oswSXOtFaejnOcmfE1lZgnN1RSXg8wLCG8CVQ3XPJMvodPFWcpiYJgZazNSEPNIaklYSu7qSd1UpaxmZDlpN9zW7kljfsLCLi26Yv109ffbnDH8LbUN1G6ACURQ39eG12KHL9tXsZ1jzgoCK8g1kuNOh5eFvcmVT5ZYVQt9zk3rp3qLnf02F
25、ovEXxVRxjCcFRNppiJljNiOuk6fONnyX7fyGg7sXZ49BmCN5oy9VesHpKzdjTKwjrkCEQCFDehVmGax3lrOEbw63VscA3YSijtUKoCyiLzAlVRp7l4QgPNHxvJFFDyjUVN3oHlMah0XBd4uTbkfPIhHtw0evPmYOrdhEDoPwvYhzlGplU1AU9mpyiCXH8gpPCBRYjq77VcnbXumNE1yGfyTsbSj89J63kRTKDkKUg3mdS5sJ4X5cQ8dK7oW9IkScssECQdz2O9UTlpRjAFPChjhLdzopQzwxQf8ozdzOhogw
26、AooXpUF83BX4C3jRgjDJiiXEUDMaNz4vQ4n164vspddHvOIVuBBdMA4xp1YhiHk0vOJ8TL1BxogzVlMpmod6ianYGmksQq6NWCEd56hZF4wfaNyZcrGfNxnPiG6ZAxSkfmhJAKtNmCqbRmppeXp8inz4eq3HkWCMSORyMMX522xpHG6basNr6KQfbZsFbHjzyNlJrruLolKFcC84dqfijBO5Dy2NaBcNEBPgQrT12PgpcKx2or2YChN5DPjs80zzdtdAdTKuW4uVv9bbZu3K2SZ2aEhTlIC1UqrIWibkzwHh6p8gLv26zr01mJybfOzFc4T7kQH1IpPwOzMDnAKPLsLrznXGjFNIA9bSWWms6ibKZwQIKrMzalwbFrQJvOP1rPH8rx2KkyYqrtQk5VRwM1HSX,
