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1、商务英语文章特点梳 理和阅读指导,之商务图表阅读,一、图表类型二、典型的量化语言表达三、准确化语言四、阅读方法五、图表描述实践,一、图表类型,通常有以下几种：表格(table)、线状图(line graph)、柱形图(bar diagram)、饼型图(pie graph)、示意图(schematic chart)、流程图(flow chart)及组织结构图(organization structural chart),二、典型的量化语言表达,为了有效地阅读商务英语图表类文章，熟悉其文字的表达方法，尤其是有鲜明特色的量化语言表达方法，对于大家来说是非常重要的。商务英语图表表示上升、下降、趋平、比
2、较、发展趋势等习惯用语就是其中的一些重要特点。,1上升或增长表示上升或增长的词或短语主要包括：动词类 increase/rise/grow/hike jump/leap/surge soar/skyrocket reach/hit/break go up push(up)amount to shoot up move/spiral/upward,非动词类 an increase/rise of a growth/leap/surge/upsurge an upward trend/movement/spiral up from/to rising/increasing to on the ri
3、se/increase,在上述词和短语中，表示上升和增长的程度有所区别，像 jump,leap,soar,shoot up 和skyrocket等次表示“迅速、大幅度增加或上升”，而其他的词和短语在表达上述意思时还须增加相应的副词或类似的短语。例如：(译)Oil prices increased dramatically from the second quarter of 2000 through to November but then eased,partly because of the global slowdown.,The countrys urban retail sales
4、leapt nearly 12%.World trade volumes rose sharply in 2000,particularly early in the year.The global economy in 2000 grew at its fastest pace in over a decade and a half.Actual foreign direct investment rose by 24.2%to USD$4.58 billion in the first two months of this year while contracted FDI shot up
5、 by（承包外商直接投资飙升）47.1%in the same period.,2减少或下降,表示减少或下降的词和短语主要有：动词类 decrease/drop/fall/slip/decline slide/shrink/trim/dwindle/cut slump/collapse/crash/slash slacken/slump/dip plunge/plummet/nosedive move downward slow down be reduced/deducted,非动词类 a decline/drop of a downward trend/movement down from
6、/down to declining/dropping to on the decrease/decline,在这些词和短语中，有的本身就含有剧烈或大幅度的意思，如plunge,plummet,nosedive,slump,collapse,crash,也有一些本身表示少量和小幅度的意思，如shrink,trim。例如：In April,the wholesale price index decreased 0.7%from a year earlier.Actual investment during January-October was reduced to 3%.Third-quart
7、er US GDP data showed that profits had dropped to 4.1percent of GDP.,Growth in property sales slid 13%in October from 37%in the first three quarters of 2010.The International Monetary Fund predicts that the countrys GDP growth will dip back below 8%in 2010.,对于表示增长或下降的中性词或短语，大家还可以加上表示程度或幅度的副词或短语达到自己想
8、要表达的效果。以下列出比较常用的一些副词和短语，从左到右变化强度依次递增。变化幅度 fractionally,marginally,slightly,markedly,greatly,considerably,substantially a little,a bit,rather,somewhat,a lot,a great deal,much,far,变化速度slowly,gradually,gently,quickly,suddenly,sharply,rapidly,3.平稳或趋平,表示平稳或趋平的词和短语主要有:Stand/remain/be maintained atRemain s
9、table/constant/unchangedHover aboutHover/stay aroundLevel off/out,E.g.The countrys public debt to GDP ration stood at 14.6 percent-a comparatively low figure by international standards.GDP growth in the first half of this year was 7.9 percent-among the highest in the world-and is forecast to remain
10、at 7.5 percent for the whole year.The provinces export growth rates hovered around 9%throughout 2010.Overall growth in steel demand levered out in the second half of 2009.,4.比较或对比,在商务英语中，用来表示对比或比较的语言也十分丰富，生动。表示一般性比较和对比的词和短语主要有：More/less/higher/lower thanMore expensive/profitable thanCompare sth.With
11、 sth.Run above,经常用来表示最高级的短语包括：the best/fastestThe most expensive/dynamicThe largestby a considerable/large marginBy far the most important,一些具有比较和对比意义的词和短语在商务英语中也十分有用，比如：Superior/inferior toSenior/junior toPrefer sth.To sth.Prefer to do than to doWould rather do than to,一些比较特殊的比较和对比形式：一般比较级之前加否定词的比较
12、多为最高级比较的意义：Nothing could please me more than the encouraging report from you.There is no company more competitive than this one in the industry.,5.预测发展趋势,表示预测今后发展趋势的用语主要有：Hope/expect/estimate/predict/forecast/anticipate(多采用被动语态形式),还有一些用来表示不同可能性程度的词和短语，在预测发展趋势用语中也相当重要：可能性较小：Might/could/possibly/be po
13、ssible可能性较大：May/be likely to/should/to be probable可能性最大Will/be bound/be certain/certainly/surely/definitely/doubtlessly/undoubtedly/no doubt,试比较下列句子：Its probable that inflation will increase in the near future.Its possible that inflation will increase next year.Inflation will no doubt increase by th
14、e end of this month.,6.关于倍数的表达,表示“为的几倍，翻几倍”，常用的有：Double,treble,quadruple and quintupleTwice(three/four/five times)as much asFoldJapans export of steel grew 5-fold last year,making it the largest exporter in the world.,准确化语言,一般来说，商务英语阅读文章的语言特点是平实、严谨的，但是，在很多情况下，这类文章在遣词用句上也往往采用准确的客观的描述，大量使用量化类词语进行表达。这一
15、方面增强了文章的表达力，另一方面一增加了文章的趣味性和可读性。,把握图表类文章信息的阅读方法,建议：1.注意阅读图表的标题、副标题以及图表中出现辅助性描述。这些信息往往是文章最基本内容的体现。对于那些试图通过浏览的方式寻找信息的读者来说，这些内容尤其值得注意。,2.注意图表的具体类型。一般来说，每种图表的描述都会选择类似的方式、句型将具体信息展开。3.注意把握描述中起承转合的连词，如although,therefore,but,furthermore,however等。这类连词可以帮助我们理解上下文之间的逻辑关系。,4阅读完后，建议大家再次浏览全文，以加深对图表描述总体的理解。,图表描述常用句
16、型 This chart shows that As can be clearly seen from the diagram As is shown in the chart above According to the statistics given in the table The statistics given in the table indicate that It is indicated by the graph that What the diagram describes implies that,句子表达训练与翻译 1、从这张示意图可以清楚看到，越来越多的外国人渴望访
17、问中国。2、根据表中所给的统计数字，最近5年来旅游者的人数大大增加，2010年达到800万人。3、这张线状图表明，全世界吸烟的人数不断上升，占总人口的20%。4、这张曲线图表示，某些野生动物的灭绝与世界人口的猛增密切相关。5、表中所给的数字表明，最近5年来人民的收入已有显著增长。,1.As can be clearly seen from the chart,an increasing number of foreigners are eager to visit China.2.According to the statistics given in the table,the number
18、 of tourists has grown greatly,which amounts to 8 million people in 2010.3.This chart shows that the number of smokers continues to climb/rise,which amounts to 20%of the total population.,4.It is indicated by the graph that the extinction of wild animals closely relates to the sharp increase of the worlds population.5.The statistics given in the table indicate that there has been a remarkable increase in peoples income in the past 5 years.,阅读实践,见印发材料（P42-43）,Thank you very much!,
