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1、编号 2013030128研究类型基础研究分类号 I106学士学位论文（设计）Bachelors Thesis论文题目A Comparative Study of Poes Gothic Novel and Pus Strange Tales from Make-do Studio on the Theme of Death作者姓名钱 勇学号2009103010128所在院系外国语学院英语系学科专业名称英 语导师及职称李桂芳 副教授论文答辩时间2013年5月23日学士学位论文（设计）诚信承诺书中文题目：爱伦坡哥特式小说与蒲松龄的聊斋志异在死亡观上的对比外文题目：A Comparative St
2、udy of Poes Gothic Novel and Pus Strange Tales from Make-do Studio on the Theme of Death学生姓名钱勇学生学号2009103010128院系专业外国语学院英语系英语专业学生班级0901学 生 承 诺我承诺在学士学位论文（设计）活动中遵守学校有关规定，恪守学术规范，本人学士学位论文（设计）内容除特别注明和引用外，均为本人观点，不存在剽窃、抄袭他人学术成果，伪造、篡改实验数据的情况。如有违规行为，我愿承担一切责任，接受学校的处理。 学生（签名）：年 月 日指导教师承诺我承诺在指导学生学士学位论文（设计）活动中遵守
3、学校有关规定，恪守学术道德规范，经过本人核查，该生学士学位论文（设计）内容除特别注明和引用外，均为该生本人观点，不存在剽窃、抄袭他人学术成果，伪造、篡改实验数据的现象。 指导教师（签名）： 年 月 日Contents1. Introduction11.1 Background of Pu Songling and Strange Tales from Make-do Studio11.2 Background of Edgar Allan Poe and His Gothic Novels21.3 Literature Review32. Similarities and Difference
4、s on the Theme of Death42.1 Similarities on the Theme of Death42.2 Differences on the Theme of Death73. Impact of Religion on the Theme of Death93.1 Impact of Christianity on Edger Allan Poes Works93.2 Impact of Buddhism and Taoism in Pus Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio104. Conclusion11Bibliograph
5、y12A Comparative Study of Poes Gothic Novel and Pus Strange Tales from Make-do Studio on the Theme of DeathQIAN Yong (Tutor: LI Guifang) (College of Foreign Studies, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China, 435002)Abstract: Edgar Allan Poe and Pu Songling came from different nations and lived in di
6、fferent times, and they both achieved notable success in horrible fiction. They both wrote many stories about death. This thesis attempts to analyze the similarities and differences on the theme of death by comparing their works. It further explores the cause of their differences on the theme of dea
7、ththe influence of their different religions. Keywords: Poe; Pu; theme of death; different religions 爱伦坡哥特式小说与蒲松龄的聊斋志异在死亡观上的对比研究钱勇（指导教师：李桂芳）（湖北师范学院外国语学院 中国 黄石 435002）摘要：爱伦坡和蒲松龄生活在不同的国家、不同的时代，他们在恐怖小说上都取得了令人瞩目的成绩。他们写了很多关于死亡的故事。本论文通过对比分析爱伦坡和蒲松龄的作品，研究两位作者死亡观的异同，并进一步挖掘造成这些死亡观的原因：不同宗教文化的影响。关键字：爱伦坡；蒲松龄；死亡观
8、；宗教差异中图分类号:I106A Comparative Study of Poes Gothic Novel and Pus Strange Tales from Make-do Studio on the Theme of Death1. Introduction1.1 Background of Pu Songling and Strange Tales from Make-do StudioPu Songling who was born in Zibo, Shandong came from a landlord-merchant family, which broke up at
9、his early age. So, from then on, Pu studied very hard and won big reputation in literature in his youth. When he was 19, he got great achievement in the imperial examinations at the country level and was awarded the title “Xiucai”. Unfortunately, after that, he failed the exams of provincial level.
10、In all his life, he was devoted to imperial examinations. Not until at the age of 72 did he still attend the examination in Qingzhou. He failed to achieve ambitions because of numerous frustrations encountered in his career as an official. So he was always critical of the unfairness of imperial exam
11、inations and the feudal system. All of these experiences made Pus life miserable and gloomy. As a result, the author determined to put his suspicion on, and to express his indignation with, the repulsive and detestable feudal society, all of which are wholly reflected in his writing.Pu Songling was
12、a master in creating short stories of mysteries and the supernatural in Chinese literary history. The book Strange Tales from Make-do Studio gave him an immediate high reputation in literature. It consists of 488 short stories, covering a wide range of subjects, such as animals, ghosts and monsters
13、that are personified. Pu not only wrote for telling people the queer stories, but to convey his dissatisfaction with the social life where he lived. The language used in the stories of Strange Tales from Made-do Studio is plain and straightforward, but the plots are complicated and mysterious, which
14、 combined the illusion with reality. This book has a colorful content, whose stories are mainly based on popular folk legends or privately compiled history. The stories convey true love between men and women by describing their figures of foxes and spirits; the stories express the writers desire for
15、 a better life by applying so many queer metamorphosis like flowers, stones and animals; the stories reflect their attitudes towards death by applying the scenes of death; the author tries to reveal the unfairness of the feudal system at his time by creating an illusion and the realm of the supernat
16、ural tales. 1.2 Background of Edgar Allan Poe and His Gothic NovelsEdgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. His parents were famous actor and actress in a theater. What changed Poes life dramatically was that his father deserted the family and left his mother and other
17、two children. In 1811, his mother died and left her three children who were sent to live with different foster families. Poe was adopted by the Allans, who were a rich tobacco merchant in Richmond. Poe had achieved good education in private academics and later was admitted to the University of Virgi
18、nia. In 1827, he left home and served in a American land force. During this period, he convinced a publisher to publish his first book Tamerlane and other poems, whose author was cited only as “a Bostonian”. Later he went to west point as a cadet but was dismissed because of misbehavior. These tough
19、 experiences gave Poe inspiration in writing good works. Later on he had showed his talents in writing, especially in detective and gothic stories. One of his tales, “Ms. Pond in a Bottle”, won first prize in a short story contest run by a Baltimore newspaper in 1833. The term “Gothic” has been exte
20、nded to a type of fiction that lacks the exotic setting of the earlier romances, but develops a brooding atmosphere of gloom and horror, represents events that are uncanny or macabre or melodramatically violent, and often deals with aberrant psychological states. (Kilgour, 1994: 99) Edgar Allan Poe
21、is one of the greatest writers in American literary history that are known as an expert in Gothic tales concerning the frightening and supernatural. (Hays J. Kevin, 2004: 72-75)As is known to as, he has a particular obsession with the topic of death. The stories with death scene in the foreground in
22、clude “Ligeria”, “Berenice” and “Morella”. (Poe, 2005: 72-75) Poes tales show an elaborate collection of supernatural motifs. Poes famous gothic novels include “The Fall of the House of Usher” (1839), “The Black Cat” (1843), “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” (1841), “The Masque of the Red Death”(1842)
23、 and so forth. In his tales the supernatural assumes diversified shapes and dramatizes the interpenetration of fantasy and reality and he combination of opposites beyond the senses. Under the obvious influence of Master Walpole and other outstanding gothic writers, Poe fathers the detective story an
24、d starts the psychoanalytical tradition, making great contribution to horror fiction and extends gothic novel to an incredible state.( Harris, 1988: 375)1.3 Literature ReviewOver several decades, many scholars from home and abroad have conducted many researches on Pu and Poe. Two main methods they h
25、ave used are Parallel Study and Influence Study. One kind of Parallel Study is the general comparative study. This method often makes a comparison between the two writers from every aspect. He Muying (1997:13) made a relatively comprehensive comparison of these two writers. “He thinks that in the cr
26、eation motive, Pu creates his stories out of the feeling of isolation, while Poe creates his out of his love for gothic novels; On the theme, both the authors reveal and reflect the darkness and ugliness of the reality, which at the same time express their desire and pursuit to the ideal world ; On
27、the subject, Pu song-lings subject is all-encompassing, Poes subject is focused on the weird and the terror; In terms of art technique, Pu combines Chinese classical stories with public colloquial language，while Poe is careful with using words according to the context of his story. On characterizati
28、on, Pu is good at drawing the image of characters, while Poe puts more emphasis on describing the inner world.” Another kind of Parallel study is the comparative study, which aims to discover the reason and cause of the differences of these two writers. There are also many scholars using this method
29、 to get a deeper understanding of Pu and Poe. Wang Jianfei (2009:4) analyzes the cultural factors of their differences on the theme of death. He thinks that the different religions which Pu and Poe believe in influence their attitudes towards death. Nie Fangchong(2006:5) generalizes that “Beauty” an
30、d “Death” often unite perfectly and harmoniously in Poes works. He also gave us the reasons why Poe is fond of describing the death of beauties. Yao Lifang (2009:12) aims to find the differences of their theme of death and also related to the different background of Chinese and Western culture. As a
31、 general review of the previous researches, the background information mentioned above helps to make clear the two genres and to lay a solid foundation for further study.Death, the ending of an individual life, has long been a focus of interest for human beings. Being related to religion, customs, a
32、nd being involved in the fundamental human existent problems, death has always been one of the most eternal and favorite motifs of literary creation. Poe and Pu are particularly obsessed with the theme of death. The present thesis attempts to explore more about these two similar literary types, to a
33、pproach them in a more concrete and scientific ways, and to discover the reasons why they share great similarities or dissimilarities and implicit cultures, ideologies or meaning lying behind.2. Similarities and Differences on the Theme of Death 2.1 Similarities on the Theme of Death2.1.1 To Create
34、Beauty in the Process of Death Pu Songling is addicted to writing a persons death and resurrection. Among his works the more famous chapters are Mei Nv, Xiao Cui, Nie Xiaoqian, “Zhu Er and so on. Most of Poes short stories are also depicting the death and resurrection, such as The Fall of the House
35、of Usher, The Masque of Red Death, Ligeia , MoLeiNa, etc. Although death is the most terrible topic of human problem, the two literary giants write in an incredible enthusiasm to depict the death, and make the reader wonder the beauty created in the process of death.Yao Lifang(2009:12) sets an examp
36、le by comparing the two stories Ligeia and Resin Change which have similar contents.In Strange Tales from Make-do Studio “Resin Change is about four carte drivers who decided to stay in an inn near a village, but there was no rooms for them, so they had to be arranged in the dead room where a womans
37、 body was stored . At midnight, after the coachmen were asleep, the body got up and blew the drivers. Eventually three of the coachmen were killed in their sleep; the other one escaped from death only because he had not fallen asleep and found the female ghost. Then he pretended to be dead a few tim
38、es and held his breath. Later, the coachman escaped from the room before the ghost had noticed. As the female ghost found the coachman, she run after him closely. In this story, Pu at first described the horror of the environment The ghost enters into the room with the light faint on the case; there
39、 are clothes behind the desk, and the dead are covered with paper blanket. Step by step, then terror strikes, such as describing the devils face ferociously shrieking, the ghosts face lights up a hint of gold and the ghosts forehead is colored with white. In the next race between the driver and the
40、female ghost, Pu songling has put the terror to the maximum, the driver ran in the front, and the female ghost followed behind. The driver ran to the temple gate, but a Taoist priest didnt allow him to enter into the temple. Finally the coachman had no choice only to hide after a poplar tree in fron
41、t of a temple gate. The female ghost stretched her arms around the tree, so the coachman fell on the ground in fright. “Resin Change” fully embodies the thrilling struggle between man and ghosts for survival instinct and death, giving people the horror of a unique aesthetic temperament and interest,
42、 and Poe created the same effect -beauty terror of death in Ligeia.In Poes Ligeia, it writes a story about an unsurpassed beautiful, learned and capable ex-wife Ligeia .Only two or three months after she died, her husband bought a house temple in a sparsely populated place in Britain and married a y
43、oung lady named Rovina. After their honeymoon, Rovina fell ill, and then something weird happened. First Rovina heard noises and found some abnormal draperies, but her husband couldnt hear. Second he found a seemingly fairly shadow walking past. Third there are a few red SAP drops on the roof into R
44、ovinas glass, and she died on the third day after drinking it. Things happened later pushed the terror into maximum. Late at night, the hero heard a whimper where the body was, and Rovina showed signs of revival. Then she got up, and the blanket wrapping the body fell off from the body, then the bod
45、y slowly opened her eyes, the rolling, dark and blank eyes, originally not Rovina, but the previous wife Ligeia. Then the novel comes to an end. There are many stories describing dead bodies at all times and all over the world, but Ligeia gives the readers a sense of raw cold and sometimes makes peo
46、ple immersed in the mysterious thick terror atmosphere for a long time ,which is scary but difficult for readers to resist its charm. Poe is under the influence of Romantic literature, which despises about ordinary people and things and is keen on strange weird things, also thinks beauty always has
47、a sense of queer. The death in these two works is unique and appealing, which doesnt mean the exact boundary, but creates the mysterious relationship between human and ghosts.2.1.2 To Describe the Horror of Death In “The Masque of the Red Death”, by his gorgeous style of writing Poe describes the op
48、ulence and hidden smell of death. Luxurious surface will not be the shadow of death at all times, and the indulgency of pleasure and the hidden fear, finally taking off the mask of death symbolizes the inevitable of death. The extraordinary of the story and the building of the atmosphere and the rendering of the colors all embodied in the Poes description of the death theme have reached to the point. In his novels the use of these images such as ghost, dead, black cat and tomb,
