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1、The Anti-war Theme of Farewell to ArmsContentsAbstracts(English)iAbstracts(Chinese) ii1. Introduction 12. An Introduction to A farewell to Arms1 2.1 The Author: Ernest Hemingway2 2.2 The Main Story of A Farewell to Arms33. Theme of Anti-war4 3.1 The Setting of Anti-war Environment5 3.2 The Death fro
2、m War 7 3.3 Characters Anti-war Trade8 3.4 The Touching Love Tragedy11 3.5 His Own Personal Experiences11 3.6 The Social Reality134. Conclusion14References15Acknowledgements 16AbstractThe thesis discusses Hemingways antiwar sentiment on the basis of an analysis of his well-known novelA Farewell to A
3、rms is greatly informed by Hemingways own war time experience. It is about the war experience and the love affairs of an American youth in Italy during World War I. Hemingway states his strong anti-war sentiment in the novel. This paper starts with the brief introduction to the novel; then a short i
4、ntroduction to A Farewell to Arms From this aspect, an brief introduction to the author will be introduced to the readers, and the main story. Thirdly, the anti-war theme of the novel in A Farewell to Arms follows. it concludes the setting of anti-war environment, the death from war and The touching
5、 love tragedy and so on to show the anti-war theme. Through the analysis of Hemingways anti-war sentiment in the novel, the author hopes that the English learners to form a comprehensive understanding about Hemingway and his novels, and that they could understand the evil of war. Key words：A Farewel
6、l to Arms; Hemingway; anti-war sentiment摘要这篇论文讨论了在他的著名小说永别了,武器之中去分析海明威的反战情绪。永别了,武器以海明威自己的战时经历作为思想痕迹去写这个故事。它是关于一个美国年轻人在第一次世界大战中在意大利的战时经历和爱情故事。海明威在小说中陈述了他的强烈的反战情绪，这个论文一开始是一个简要的引言；然后简单的介绍了小说永别了,武器。从这方面，简要的作者介绍给读者；最后是永别了,武器中的反战主题研究。它包括了反战环境的设置，战争带来的死亡，爱情悲剧的触动等去展示战争主题。从这在小说中通过分析海明威反战情绪，作者希望英语学习者综合理解关于海明威
7、和他的小说并且他们能理解战争的罪恶。关键词：永别了,武器;海明威;反站争情绪 1. Introduction Ernest Hemingway is one of the foremost American writers, like no other writers of his time, he has become a symbol not merely of literature and books, but of a particular way of living and dying, his name is often associated with war. He thinks
8、 war is nothing and there is nothing worse than war. It not only hurts the bodies but also the spirits. People will also lose their love and life in the war. All in all, it is foolish to wage war. Hemingways anti-war attitude is fully demonstrated in A Farewell to Arms. In this thesis, the author is
9、 going to explore the anti-war sentiment from the aspects of its contents and the techniques that Hemingway employs in A Farewell to Arms. Through careful investigation and sufficient illustration and analysis, I will conclude that Hemingways anti-war sentiment pervades the whole novel both thematic
10、ally and technically. Therefore, I shall illustrate this point of view from the following three aspects: To begin with, there is a introduction, then, a short introduction to A Farewell to Arms. From this aspect, an brief introduction to the author will be introduced to the readers, and the main sto
11、ry. Thirdly, the anti-war theme of the novel in A Farewell to Arms follows.We will note that Hemingways anti-war attitude is fully demonstrated by the characters anti-war trade, the touching love story between Henry and Catherine, the death caused by war, and the setting of antiwar sentiment, which
12、part he used many symbolisms, including rain. Im going to explore the reason of the anti-war sentiment from Hemingways personal experience and the social reality, well notice that his anti-war attitude stemmed from his own complicated life experiences and the social reality in America at that time.
13、By discovering the root of Hemingways mind and spirit, I hope that it will be helpful to understand his works. Firstly, the basic information will be introduced to you. 2. An introduction to A farewell to Arms Ernest Hemingway combines austere realism and poetic language to present a powerful argume
14、nt against war and to tell a touching love story at the same time. Possessed of the most remarkable time sense of the period between wars, his disillusioned temperament and technical skill have influenced a whole generation of writer. In spite of its hard-boiled realism of detail and its tragic endi
15、ng, A Farewell to Arms is nevertheless an idealistic book. The novel was dramatized by Laurence Stallings and was made into a motion picture. (Donaldson，1900:2)2.1 The Author: Ernest Hemingway Hemingway was a novelist and short story writer who became one of the best known American authors of last c
16、entury .His lean, economical style has been widely copied by other writers，and his stories of courage in the face of tragedy are read by each new generation. Hemingways talent in novel writing was widely admired at his time and draws much critical attention now. The critic，Anthony Burgess，calls him
17、the major prose innovator of the century; Another critic，Robert scholars，places him alongside the other major figures of modern fiction since Flaubert. (Li Huatian，2007:18) Many other critics and writers，both in China and in the Western countries，hold the same admiration as Anthony Burgess and Rober
18、t Scholes. Ernest Hemingway was born in the Oak Park suburb of Chicago, Illinois on July 21, 1899. His mother was a failed opera singer who taught music and was a member of the Congregational church. She fostered hopes that Ernest would pursue a career as a cellist. Young Ernest was much more influe
19、nced by his father, a prosperous physician, who during hunting and fishing trips to the familys retreat in northern Michigan instilled in his son the code of the hunt and the importance of physical prowess. Ernest received his first gun at age ten. In 1917 Ernest decided to skip college and became a
20、 reporter for the Kansas City Star but soon left that job to join the war in Europe. Disqualified from army service because of an eye defect, Hemingway joined the Red Cross ambulance corps and was wounded while serving in Italy, a feeling he would later describe as “awfully satisfactory.” (Liu Xiang
21、yu, 2007:33) While convalescing he fell in love with one of his nurses, Sister Agnes Hannah von Kurowsky, who spurned the younger mans advances and later married another man. Hemingway was much embittered by the experience and later got his revenge by killing off Kurowskys fictional counterpart Cath
22、erine Barkely in A Farewell to Arms. On the advice of Sherwood Anderson, Hemingway and the first of his four wives went to Paris where he became part of the “lost generation” of expatriate writers including John Dos Passos, Gertrude Stein, F. Scott Fitzgerald and James Joyce. (Zhou，1983:78) While th
23、ere he wrote articles for the Toronto Star. In 1923 he completed his first published work, Three Stories and Ten Poems. More books followed including The Sun Also Rises which brought him international literary fame. Hemingways lean prose style and existentially cold heroes had an enormous impact on
24、the world of letters and that style continued through such masterpieces as A Farewell to Arms and For Whom the Bell Tolls . During the course of his career Hemingway alternately lived in Europe, Key West and Cuba. He worked as a correspondent during the Spanish Civil War and the Second World War. Se
25、veral films were made of his books and he was friends with many of Hollywoods leading actors and actresses. The myth surrounding Hemingway, his virile manhood and ability to consume large amounts of alcohol helped almost as much as his writing to solidify his reputation as one of Americas leading au
26、thors. In 1952 he published the short novella, The Old Man and the Sea which outsold all his other works and earned him the Pulitzer Prize. In 1954 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. As his health began to deteriorate he became mentally unbalanced and lost the will to live. Hoping to enc
27、ourage a recovery, his fourth and final wife, Mary Welsh, removed him to their home in Ketchum, Idaho. There on July 2, 1961, distraught from an inability to write, Hemingway did as his father had done and took his own life with a gun. 2.2 The Main Story of A Farewell to Arms A Farewell to Arms is a
28、bout the war experience and the love affairs of an American youth in Italy during World War I. While serving with the Italian ambulance service, Lieutenant Fredepc Henry, an American, gets to know Catherine Barkley, a beautiful English nurse who tends him after he is wounded. The two soon fell in lo
29、ve with each other. After his operation, Henry convalesced in Milan with Catherine Barkley as his attendant. Henrys wound had healed and he was due to take convalescent leave in October. Catherine had disclosed to him that she was pregnant. And he returns to his post. Henry deserts during the retrea
30、t of the Italian army and the reunited couple flees into Switzerland, where they spent an idyllic time waiting for the birth of their baby. Catherine had had a long and difficult labor. Their baby was delivered dead. Catherine died soon after from “one hemorrhage after another”. After Catherines dea
31、th, Henry left and walked back to his hotel. 3. Theme of anti-war As the analysis of theme, A Farewell to Arms is a novel which contains quite strong anti-war affection. This novel is divided into two parts, the first part is a farewell to war; the second one is a farewell to love. It is very obviou
32、s that Hemingway critic the vanity of advertising of imperialistic countries and the cruelty of the war breaking out among these countries with his own experience. The modern American writer, Soul Below，said that Hemingway was the speaker of those soldiers who had joined the First World War with “en
33、couraging” of Votelo Willson and those politics. (Hillegass, 1963:35) However, what functions their “moving words” made; it should be measured with the dead bodies of those youths who were cheated to the battlefield. In the novel, Hemingway does not give a direct reason that Frederic Henry is involv
34、ed in the war. But in a significant scene, Henry talks to an ardent Italian patriot and then comments to the reader, “I was always embarrassed by the words sacred, glorious, and sacrifice and the impression in vain .l had seen nothing sacred, and the things that were glorious had no glory and the sa
35、crifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it” (Hemingway Ernest, 1984:173). Obviously, charged with enthusiasm by war propaganda like “glory, sacredness and sacrifice” (Hemingway Ernest, 1984:173), Henry volunteers for ambulance service in the war.
36、 However, the harsh reality denies him. The army is corrupted, the officers are incompetent and the soldiers are depressed. Henry gets confused, deeply lost in a mental crisis which he cannot overcome on his owe .So he indulges in drinking and love affairs in order to escape reality. Not only Henry
37、himself dislikes the war, Rinaldi, one of his fellow officers, ever says to him, “This war is terrible. Come on, We 11 both get drunk and be cheerful. Then well go get the ashes dragged. Then well feel fine.” (Hemingway Ernest, 1984:173) Obviously, his words mirror the mental state of the generation
38、 at that time.When the Italian retreat from Caporetto, Henry, although he dislikes the war, has not lost his loyalty to the army and still carries out his task, and he even shoots a sergeant who tires to run away. Ironically, at the end of a wooden bridge, Henry is mistaken to be a “German agitator
39、in Italian uniform” (Hemingway Ernest, 1984:173). At the critical moment, facing the threat of death, Henry betrays his duty as a soldier, plunges in to the river and escapes. Henry awakes in the harsh reality, and realizes that war is cruel and meaningless. In the novel he bitterly compares human b
40、eings to ants around the log on the top of the fire which “finally fell off into the fire” (Hemingway Ernest, 1984:173), which implies the view of war that Hemingway elaborated throughout his career as a writer. Many consider A Farewell to Arms as the best American novel upon World War I. The Purpos
41、ely-ambiguous title obviously means the renunciation of war.3.1 The Setting of Anti-war Environment Like other modern writers，Hemingway is capable of employing symbols in his novel to mean something more. The symbols convey his sense of the worlds futility and horror that were always more significan
42、t than the characters who personified them. The rain in the novel is of symbolism，for some critics this symbol is driven home too hard. We realize for the first time that Catherine is afraid of the rain; for her the rain is symbolic of death，tragedy and destruction. We can also see that Frederic Hen
43、ry s life，drink and sex are both escape symbols. He is trying to obliterate the meaninglessness of this world of war and is trying to escape by submerging himself in a series of sensual experiences. From the first chapter to the last word, the novel is flooded with rain and other images of water. Th
44、e rain almost always heralds destruction and death; it impinges upon whatever momentary happiness Henry and Catherine have and turns it into muddy misery. Ironically, rain often signifies fertility in literature but here stands for sterility, as it does in much post-WWI literature. Rain represents d
45、eath and all the accompanying emotions of grief, pain, and despair. Death is both brought by rain and can be considered similar to it. Catherine is the first person to make this analogy explicit when she tells Henry that she is afraid of the rain. “I am afraid of the rain because sometimes I see me dead in it.” (Hemingway Ernest, 1984:173).Although Henry dismisses her words at the time; they continue to haunt the novel up until she dies. Indeed, immediately after Henry visits her dead body in the
