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1、第1章 切削加工基础知识1.1切削加工概述切削cutting; 加工 machining; 金属切削 metal cutting (metal removal);金属切削工艺 metal-removal process; 金属工艺学 technology of metals;机器制造machine-building;机械加工 machining; 冷加工 cold machining；热加工 hot working;工件 workpiece;切屑chip;常见的加工方法 universal machining method;钻削drilling; 镗削 boring;车削 turning；磨削
2、grinding;铣削 milling;刨削 planning;插削slotting;锉filing ; 划线lineation; 錾切carving; 锯sawing; 刮削facing;钻孔boring; 攻丝 tap;1.2零件表面构成及成形方法变形力 deforming force;变形 deformation;几何形状 geometrical;尺寸dimension;精度 precision;表面光洁度surface finish;共轭曲线 conjugate curve;范成法 generation method;轴 shaft;1.3机床的切削运动及切削要素主运动 main mo
3、vement;主运动方向 direction of main movement; 进给方向 direction of feed;进给运动 feed movement;合成进给运动 resultant movement of feed;合成切削运动 resultant movement of cutting;合成切削运动方向 direction of resultant movement of cutting ;切削速度 cutting speed;传动 drive/transmission;切削用量 cutting parameters;切削速度 cutting speed;切削深度 dept
4、h of cut;进给速度 feed force;切削功率 cutting power;1.4金属切削刀具合金工具钢alloy tool steel; 高速钢 high-speed steel;硬质合金 hard alloy; 易加工 ease of manufacturing ;切削刀具 cutting tool;刀具 cutter;车刀 lathe tool;主切削刃 main cutting edge;副切削刃assistant cutting edge; 刀体 tool body ;刀柄tool shank;前刀面 rake face;主后刀面 major flank;刀尖 nose
5、of tool;主剖面系tool orthogonal plane system;切削平面 tool cutting edge plane;主剖面 tool orthogonal plane;切削宽度 width of the uncut chip;进给平面系 assumed working plane system;加工表面 transient surface;前角 rake angle;后角 clearance angle;主偏角 tool cutting edge angle;刀尖角nose angle; 1.5刀具切削过程及磨削机理塑性变形 plastic distortion; 微观
6、组织，显微结构microstructure ;切削力cutting force;切削温度 cutting temperature;积屑瘤built-up edge; 刀尖磨损nose wear; 月牙洼crater;残留应力residual stress;应力 stress;硬度 rigidity;磨削grinding;砂轮 grinding wheel;磨粒grain;剪切 shear;摩擦 friction;内力 internal force;1.61.8 切削加工质量、材料的切削加工性、切削液的选择加工精度 machining accuracy;表面质量 surface finish;工
7、艺性能technological performance; 材料切削加工性指标 machinability index of material; 切削液 cutting fluid ; 切削油 cutting oil;1.9 件的装夹及夹具定位梢 dowel;定位 allocation;机床夹具 jig;组装线Assembly line;机械零件 mechanical parts;钳工 locksmith；精加工 finish machining;粗加工 rough machining; 气动夹紧 pneuma-lock;同心，同心度concentricity ;垂直度perpendicula
8、r;基准 benchmark;基准线 reference line;夹具fixture; 通用夹具 universal fixture;专用夹具 Fixture for special purpose;可调夹具adjustable fixture;组合夹具 modular fixture; 工序 process;设计基准designing datum;工艺基准 datum features in process;1.10 金属切削机床机床 machine tool;机床运动 motion of machine;机床型号 machine tool model;机床加工精度 machining a
9、ccuracy of machine tool;车床 lathe; 普通车床engine lathe; 卧式车床horizontal lathe; 立式车床 vertical lathe;钻床drill press;镗床boring machine;铣床 milling machine;磨床 grinder（grinding machine）;牛头刨床shaper; 龙门刨床planer;插床 slotting machine（slotter）; 第2章 常用加工方法综述及加工方案选择一、 车削车削 turning;车刀 lathe tool ;车床 lathe ;普通车床engine lat
10、he; 卧式车床horizontal lathe; 立式车床 vertical lathe; 仿形车床 duplicating lathe (copy lathe); 转塔车床turret lathe;细长轴 long slender shaft纵向车削 straight turning;锥体车削 taper turning;仿形车削 contour turning; 端面车削 facing;回转表面 surface of revolution; 平面 flat surface;圆面round surface ;仿形表面contoured surface ; 退刀槽recess ;卡盘 chu
11、ck; 尾架tailstock;床头箱，主轴箱headstock; 销 pin;卡箍 bar clasp;花盘faceplate;主轴 spindle;二、钻削钻削drilling;钻床drill press; 钻头 drill; 锪孔counter boring; 内表面internal surface ; 铰孔、扩孔reaming; 攻丝 tapping; 孔加工 spot facing machining;铰 ream;铰刀 reamer;盲孔blind hole;麻花钻 twist drill;埋头孔countersink; 锥柄taper shank;三、镗削镗削 bore;镗床bo
12、ring machine;镗杆boring bar ;纵向镗削straight boring;表面光洁度surface finish; 卧式镗孔机horizontal boring machine; 四、铣削 铣削mill;铣床 milling machine ;铣刀 milling cutter;缝Slot ;槽groove;平面 flat surface; 圆面round surface ;仿形表面contoured surface;周铣Peripheral milling ;端铣face milling; multi model miller; 靠模铣床; copy milling ma
13、chine; 仿形铣床 ; contouring machine; 五、磨削磨削grinding;磨床 grinder（grinding machine）;外圆磨削 external grinding;内圆磨削 internal grinding(cylindrical grinding);平面磨削 plane grinding abrasive;外圆磨床cylindrical grinding machine; 平面磨床surface grinder;外圆磨床cylindrical grinding machine ; 内圆磨床internal cylindrical machine; 成形
14、磨床form grinding machine;仿形磨床copy grinding machine ; 万能工具磨床universal tool grinding machine; 六、拉削 拉削broaching; 拉床 broaching machine;拉刀 broaching tool; 外表面拉削 external surface broaching;内表面拉削internal surface broaching;多功能机床 multifunction machine;多齿刀具 multitooth tool;切屑槽 chip gullet; 七、刨削刨削planning;牛头刨床s
15、haper; 龙门刨床planer;龙门刨削 planning;旋臂刨床 radial drilling machine ;仿形刨床copy shaping machine; 八、齿轮加工齿轮加工gear machining;齿轮 gear; 滚齿 gear hobbing;滚齿刀 hobbing cutter;直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear;斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear;直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear ; 齿轮齿条 pinion and rack;蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear;九、螺纹加工螺纹加工t
16、hread machining;螺纹切削thread cutting; 攻丝 tapping; 丝锥tap; 板牙die; 螺钉 screw;标准件 standard component;位移 displacement ;截面 section; 十、光整加工 光整加工 micro finishing;研磨mull (lapping);研磨剂lapping compound;研磨膏paste; 研磨机床lapping machine抛光polishing ;抛光膏buffing cream;抛光轮polishing wheel;抛光机polisher ;珩磨 honing ;珩磨轮 honing
17、 wheel;珩磨机床honing machine;超精加工机床 superfinishing machine;超精加工 superfinish;第3章 机械加工工艺过程机械加工工艺过程 machining process;工步 step of an operation;工位 work station;工序 process;工艺文件 manufacturing process document;工艺卡片 technological card;工艺规程 process plan; 机械加工工艺卡machining process sheet; 工艺设计 technological design;
18、设计基准 designing datum;工艺基准 datum features in process;基准重合 consistency of datum feature;基面统一原则 unified datum principle;机械加工工序卡machining operation sheet;工艺过程设计process planning;工艺路线process route; 工艺过程卡process sheet; 产品规格product specification; 产品用途product use; 产品责任product liability; 生产线production line; 生
19、产进度计划production schedule; 生产率productivity;批量生产batch production;第4章 切削加工零件结构工艺性切削cutting; 加工 machining; 工件 workpiece; 零件part; 毛坯 rough;工艺性能 processing property;装配结构的合理性 rationality of assembly structure;零件结构合理性 rationality of detail structure;标准化 standardization;第5章 先进制造技术先进制造技术Advanced Manufacturing
20、 Technology;信息技术information Technology;产品 product;设计 design；加工machining; 检测check;管理manage; 销售sell; 使用use; 服务serve;回收 reclaim;计算机集成制造系统Computer Integrated Manufacturing System（CIMS）;智能制造系统Intelligent Manufacturing System (IMS);精密工程 precise engineering;成组技术group technology; 方式（法）methodology;柔性制造系统Flex
21、ible Manufacturing System（FMS）;数控机床numerically controlled machine tool;加工中心Machining Center（MC）;计算机数字控制computerized numerical control (CNC);自动换刀装置automatic tool changer（ATC）;直接数字控制Direct numerical control（DNC）;分布式数字控制Distributed numerical control（DNC）;群控DNC;单机自动化stand-alone automatization ;自动机床Autom
22、atic machine;组合机床 combination machine;专用机床special machine;NC钻床NC drilling machine ;NC磨床NC grinding machine ;NC车床NC lathe ;卧式加工制造中心horizontal machine center;立式加工制造中心 vertical machine center; 车间shop floor;库存inventory;工艺process;分类classification;编码系统coding system;零件外型part configuration;工艺规划process plann
23、ing;单元式制造cellular manufacturing; 小车维修站Cart maintenance station; 零件清洗站Parts wash station;装卸站Unload station; 回收系统Recovery system;小车转弯站 Cart turnaround station；集成化integration ;协调tradeoff;成族零件family-of-part;换刀装置Tool changer;机床控制装置machine control unit; 组装线 Assembly line;第6章 先进制造运行模式先进制造运行模式Advanced Manuf
24、acturing Operation Model; 计算机集成制造系统Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems（CIMS）;精益生产(LP亦称精良生产)Lean Production;敏捷制造Agile Manufacturing（AM）;绿色制造Green Manufacturing;计算机辅助设计Computer Aided Design(CAD);计算机辅助制造Computer Aided Manufacturing(CAM);计算机辅助工艺过程设计Computer Aided process planning(CAPP);物料需求计划Mater
25、ial Requirements Planning（MRP）;计算机辅助教育Computer Aided Education (CAE);虚拟制造Virtual Manufacturing(VM);并行工程Concurrent Engineering (CE);面向装配的设计 Design For Assembly(DFA);面向制造的设计 Design For Manufacturing(DFM);第7章 特种加工特种加工（NTM）Nontraditional Manufacturing; 一、电火花加工电火花加工spark-erosion machining;电火花线切割加工 electr
26、ical discharge wire cutting;电火花穿孔spark-erosion drilling; 电火花雕刻spark-erosion carving;二、电解加工电解加工Electrolytic machining;三、超声波加工超声波加工 Ultrasonic machining; 变幅杆Transducer nose ; 铜垫圈Copper washer; 放大刀具夹持器Amplifying tool holder ; 超声波振动Ultrasonic vibration; 银钎焊Sliver braze; 仿形刀具 Shaped tool; 蜡焊缝Wax weld ; 支
27、持材料Backup material; 磨料悬浮液Abrasive slurry; 吸入管Suction line ;四、激光加工激光加工Laser processing;激光束加工Laser beam machining ;激光切割 laser cutting ;激光打孔 laser drilling;激光焊接 laser welding;机床常用英语词汇（大全）A.T.C.system 加工中心机刀库 Aluminum continuous melting & holding furnaces 连续溶解保温炉 Balancing equipment 平衡设备 Bayonet 卡口 Bear
28、ing fittings 轴承配件 Bearing processing equipment 轴承加工机 Bearings 轴承 Belt drive 带传动 Bending machines 弯曲机 Blades 刀片 Blades,saw 锯片 Bolts,screws & nuts 螺栓,螺帽及螺丝 Boring heads 搪孔头 Boring machines 镗床 Cable making tools 造线机 Casting,aluminium 铸铝 Casting,copper 铸铜 Casting,gray iron 铸灰口铁 Casting,malleable iron 可锻
29、铸铁 Casting,other 其他铸造 Casting,steel 铸钢 Chain drive 链传动 Chain making tools 造链机 Chamfer machines 倒角机 Chucks 夹盘 Clamping/holding systems 夹具/支持系统 CNC bending presses 电脑数控弯折机 CNC boring machines 电脑数控镗床 CNC drilling machines 电脑数控钻床 CNC EDM wire-cutting machines 电脑数控电火花线切削机 CNC electric discharge machines
30、电脑数控电火花机 CNC engraving machines 电脑数控雕刻机 CNC grinding machines 电脑数控磨床 CNC lathes 电脑数控车床 CNC machine tool fittings 电脑数控机床配件 CNC milling machines 电脑数控铣床 CNC shearing machines 电脑数控剪切机 CNC toolings CNC刀杆 CNC wire-cutting machines 电脑数控线切削机 Conveying chains 输送链 Coolers 冷却机 Coupling 联轴器 Crimping tools 卷边工具
31、Cutters 刀具 Cutting-off machines 切断机 Diamond cutters 钻石刀具 Dicing saws 晶圆切割机 Die casting dies 压铸冲模 Die casting machines 压铸机 Dies-progressive 连续冲模 Disposable toolholder bits 舍弃式刀头 Drawing machines 拔丝机 Drilling machines 钻床 Drilling machines bench 钻床工作台 Drilling machines,high-speed 高速钻床 Drilling machines
32、,multi-spindle 多轴钻床 Drilling machines,radial 摇臂钻床 Drilling machines,vertical 立式钻床 drills 钻头 Electric discharge machines(EDM) 电火花机 Electric power tools 电动刀具 Engraving machines 雕刻机 Engraving machines,laser 激光雕刻机 Etching machines 蚀刻机 Finishing machines 修整机 Fixture 夹具 Forging dies 锻模机械工程图中常用的英语词汇 AAbbre
33、viation 缩写Accuracy 精度、准确性Acme thread 梯形螺纹(29)Addendum 齿顶高Addendum angle 齿顶角Addendum circle 齿顶圆Addendum of mating gear 啮合齿轮的齿顶高Adjacent-part lines 相邻零件线Aligned sections 旋转剖视Aligned view旋转视图Allowance 容差、加工余量Alloy 合金Alloy steel 合金钢Alphabet 字母Alteration 变更、更改Alternate-position views 位置改变的视图Alternator 交流
34、发电机 Induction alternator 感应(交流)发电机 Motor alternator 电动(交流)发电机 Single-phase alternator 单向(交流)发电机 Synchronous alternator 同步(交流)发电机 Three-phase alternator 三相(交流)发电机Amount 总量、总计Analyzable assembly 分析装配图Anchor bolt 地脚螺栓Angles 角 Acute angle 锐角 Blunt angle 钝角Right angle 直角Sliding angle 摩擦角Spiral angle 螺旋角T
35、aper angle 锥角Angular 有角的 Angular bearing 径向止推轴承 Angular bevel gears 斜交伞齿轮 Angular gear人字齿轮 Angular section斜剖面Anneal 退火Approval 批准、许可Arc 弧、圆弧 Arc thickness 弧长厚度(齿厚) Arc welding 弧焊Arrangement 布置、装置 Arrangement of views 视图的布置 Clamping arrangement 夹紧装置 Cramping arrangement 紧固装置 General arrangement 总体布置A
36、rrow 箭头Arrowheads 箭头Assembly 装配图、组装图 Assembly drawing 装配图 Assembly drawing number 装配图图号 Assembly for installation 安装图 Assembly parts 组装配合零件 Assembly sections 装配图剖视 Assembly sketches 装配草图Auxiliary elevation 辅助立面图Auxiliary line辅助线Auxiliary section 辅助剖视Auxiliary surface 辅助面Auxiliary view 辅助视图Average 平均
37、数Axial 轴的、轴向的 Axial pitch 轴向节距 Axial plane 轴向平面 Axial thickness 轴向厚度Axis 轴线、中心线 Axis of revolution 回转轴线 Axis of rotation 旋转轴线 Axis of symmetry 对称轴线 Horizontal axis 水平轴 Major axis 长轴 Minor axis 短轴 Vertical axis 垂直轴 X axis X轴 Y axis Y轴Axle 轴Axle bearing 轴向(止推)轴承Axle sleeve 轴向(止推)套筒Axonometric drawing
38、轴测图 BBabbitt 巴氏合金Back cone 背锥Back cone radius 背锥半径Back elevation 后视图Backstop 托架、棘爪Ball bearing 球轴承Bar 杆 Angle bar 角钢 Channel bar 槽钢 Flat bar 扁钢 Round bar 圆棒、圆钢Base 基础、底座、基线、基面、基准 Base circle 基圆 Base circular thickness 基圆弧线齿厚 Base cylinder 基圆柱 Base helix angle 基圆上的螺旋角Base plane 基平面Base point 基点Key ba
39、se 键座Basic circle 基准圆 Basic hole system 基孔制 Base shaft system 基轴制Basic size 基本尺寸、公称尺寸、标称直径Basis 基础、基准、基线Battery 电池、蓄电池Bearing 轴承、支撑、方位 Bearing accuracy 定位精度 Bearing box 轴承箱 Bearing brass 铜轴衬 Bearing bridge 轴承支架 Bearing oil seal 轴承油封圈 Bearing support 轴承架 Bearing unit 轴承组合件 Anti-friction bearing 减摩轴承
40、Ball and socket bearing 球窝轴承 Conical bearing 锥形轴承 Journal bearing 径向轴承 Needle bearing 滚针轴承 Plain bearing 滑动轴承 Roller bearing 滚柱轴承 Self-aligning bearing 自位轴承 Thrust bearing 止推轴承Belt 带、皮带Bench 工作台 Work bench 工作台Bend 弯头、接头 Elbow bend 肘形弯管 Normal bend 正弯管(90)Bender 弯曲机Bending 挠曲 Bending strength 抗弯强度 Be
41、nt axle 曲轴Bevel 倾斜的、斜角的、斜面 Bevel gear 圆锥齿轮、伞齿轮 Bevel pinion 小圆锥齿轮 Bevel washer 斜垫圈 Bevel wheel 伞齿轮、斜摩擦齿轮Bilateral tolerance 双向公差Bill of materials 送料单Block in、block out 画草图Blue paper 蓝晒纸Blueprint 蓝图、设计图Board 板、(管理)局、厅 Bottom board 底板 Moulding board 模板Body 机体、机身Boiler 锅炉Bolt 螺栓、插销 Adjusting bolt 调整螺栓
42、Assembling bolt 装配螺栓 Binding bolt 连接螺栓 Bright blot 光制螺栓 Captive bolt 固定螺栓 Double-screw bolt 双头螺栓 Fitter bolt 装配螺栓 Foundation bolt 地脚螺栓Hexagonal head bolt 六角头螺栓Hook bolt 钩形螺栓Screw bolt 全螺纹螺栓Snap bolt 圆头螺栓Tension bolt 拉紧螺栓Bolted joints 螺栓连接Book 书、册 Hand book 手册 Instruction book 说明书Bore face machine 镗孔
43、 端面加工机床Borer 镗床 Jig borer 坐标镗床 Table borer 台式镗床 Boring 镗孔Boring machine 镗床Boring mill 镗床Bottom case 底座Bottom clearance 径向间隙Bottom view 底视图Bracket 托架、支柱Brake 制动器、闸Brass 黄铜、铜轴衬Braze 铜焊 Brazing 铜焊Breadth 宽度、厚度Break line 断裂线Brinell figure (number) 布氏硬度Brinell hardness 布氏硬度Broacher 拉床、绞孔机 Broaching 扩孔机、拉床、拉削Broken circle 虚线圆 Broken out section 断裂剖面 Broken view 局部视图Bronze 青铜Burnishing 抛光、磨光Burr 三角矬、毛刺、去毛刺Bush 衬套、轴瓦Bushing 轴衬、衬套、套管Butt joint 对接焊Butterfly nut 蝶形螺母 Butterfly valve 蝶形阀Button 按钮Push button 控制按钮 CCable 电缆Cage 盒、罩、箱C
