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1、Diference,between,Chinese and Western,Eating Custom and Practice American eating is funny.They eat almost everything with a fork,and it appears that holding a knife in ones right hand longer than a few seconds is considered to be against good table manners.饮食的风俗和习惯 美国人的饮食习惯很有趣。他们吃所有东西都用叉子。好像用右手拿刀几秒钟
2、就被认为与好的桌上进餐礼仪相违背。,The system is that if it is absolutely necessary to use a knife,people take the fork in their left hand,and cut off a piece of meat or whatever it is in the normal manner.Then they put the knife down,transfer the fork to their right hand,and only then do they transport the food to
3、their mouth.This is clearly ludicrous(滑稽可笑),but it is considered good manners.这种用法就是如果绝对需要用刀的话，人们就用左手拿叉，按平常的方法切下移小块肉和者其它的东西。然后他们把刀放下，把叉转到右手，只有这时他们才把食物送入口中。这显然很滑稽，但却是被认为是好的礼仪。,There are several results of this system.First,if it is not absolutely necessary to use a knife,Americans dont use one,becaus
4、e obviously this greatly complicates(使复杂化)things,and you will therefore see them trying to cut things like potatoes,fish and even bacon(熏猪肉)with a fork.Second,towards the end of a course,since only one implement(器具)is being used,food has to do chased around the plate with the fork-and for the last m
5、outhful the thumb has to be used to keep the food in place,although one is not supposed to do this.这样做有几种结果。首先，如果不是绝对需要用到刀，美国人是 不用的。因为这样使得事情复杂化了。所以你就会看到他们用叉来切土豆，鱼，甚至熏猪肉。其次，由于只是用了一种器具，在吃完一道菜时，就要用叉来到处弄食物，最后一口往往就需要大拇指的帮忙，虽然是不该用的。,Third,tables are generally laid with one knife and two forks,the outside
6、fork being for the salad.There is no need for foreign visitors to follow the American system and try to eat the salad with only a fork,but if you do use your knife,remember to save it for the meat course.第三，桌上通常会放一把刀，两把叉，外面的叉是用于吃色拉的。外国人是不必跟美国人一样试图用一把叉来吃色拉。但是如果你用刀，记得用来切肉类,Even desserts(甜食)(except ice
7、 cream)are eaten with a fork if at all possible,and the spoon you see by your dessert is meant to be for coffee(but if you use it for your dessert no one will say anything).在可能的情况下，甚至甜食(除了冰淇淋)都用叉来吃，在你看到的甜品边上的小勺是给你的咖啡用的(但是如果你用它来吃甜品，没人会说什么。,Food,an essential prerequisite for the existence and developm
8、ent of mankind,remains a close relation with culture,for food culture varies with nations.Therefore,there are great disparities between China and the western countries in ideas,attitudes,content s and functions of food cultures.,This paper endeavors to analyze the cultural differences and their root
9、ed causes in Chinese and Western food cultures from the perspectives of concept etiquette and content,and point s out that with the development of cross-cultural communication,more factors and new variables in food cultures will arise through communication,interaction and imitation.,饮食与文化密切相关;不同的民族缔
10、造了不同的饮食文化,所以饮食文化具有浓郁的民族性和多样性的特点。中国与英美等西方国家对饮食的观点和态度、饮食内容以及饮食特点等方面都存在着显著的差异。笔者着重分析了中国与英美等西方国家在饮食观念、宴会礼仪、饮食内容等方面的跨文化差异,揭示了导致饮食文化差异的深层次的原因,并阐明了随着跨文化交际的发展,中西饮食文化的交流、互补和兼容的因素也会增多。,饮食服务常用词语 饭、餐meal早餐breakfast 早中饭brunch午餐lunch,luncheon 晚餐supper正餐dinner 午茶afternoon tea快餐snack 点心refreshment 家常便饭home-made mea
11、l,homely meal,potluck 便宴informal dinner自动餐buffet,宴会banquet套菜complete dinner 中餐Chinese food西餐western food 主食staple副食subsidiary food 饭店restaurant餐厅dining room 公共食堂canteen快餐厅snack bar 咖啡馆，咖啡店cafe coffee shop 自助餐厅self-service cafeteria账单bill 男招待员waiter女招待员waitress,食谱recipe菜单menu 长方面包loaf甜面包bun 吐司toast米饭
12、rice 面条noodles饺子dumplings,jiaozi 通心粉macaroni稀饭porridge 燕麦粥oatmeal馒头steamed bun 花卷steamed roll烧饼，烙饼griddle cake,有句格言：We eat to live，not live to eat意思是：我们为了生存而吃，不是为了吃而生存。同中国一样，英美国家也习惯一日三餐。早餐的时间因人而异，一般是在早上七点半至八点半，午餐时间为中午十二点至两点，晚餐时间为七点至九点。美国人没有下午四、五点钟喝午茶的习惯，而英国人则非在下午四、五点钟喝午茶不可，有时除了喝咖啡或热茶外，还要加上些蛋糕。饼干等之类的
13、东西。早餐一般先吃水果或喝果汁，然后吃麦片粥，或谷类做的薄片加牛奶，再吃些鸡蛋、火腿、咸肉，有时还有烤面包。,午餐较简单，一般工作的人不回家吃午餐，有的带两片在家准备好的三明治，有的去快餐厅或餐馆简单吃一点食物。晚餐是一天中最重要的一餐。所谓正餐，通常指星期日、生日或特别的日子精心烹制的膳食。大部分家庭在正餐前都换衣服。正餐的菜肴因场合不同而不同。一顿齐全的正餐顺序大致如下：一、开胃品：饮料、酒或水果。二、汤：喝汤时有时加黄油和面包。,三、主菜：鱼、肉和蔬菜，还有土豆和米饭。普通人一道主菜就够了，宴请时，最多也不过三、四个菜。这和中国人花费许多时间去准备许多饭菜是完全不同的。四、餐后食品：包括点心、水果、冰淇淋等。五、最后一道是咖啡。有些国家，如英国，在喝咖啡前还吃些饼干和乳酪。英美等国人的饮食与中国人的饮食有许多不同之处。他们喜欢吃生菜，即使肉类、鱼类食品也煮得很生。肉中常常带血。这也许与他们认为煮得太熟的食物会破坏其营养成分有关吧。他们不喝热开水，而喝生水。他们的自来水是绝对干净的。,
