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1、流程图设计制作,2012.11.20 整理,1.0 制作流程图 Process Flow Charting,这是什么工具?What is the tool?过程的图像描述 Graphical illustration of the process工具要描述的是什么?What will the tool identify?所有增值和不增值的过程步骤 All value-added and non-value-added process steps识别系统设计和再设计的机会Identify opportunities for System Design/redesign关键输入 Key Proce
2、ss Inputs(xs)关键输出 Key Process Outputs(Ys)数据采集点 Data Collection Points输入FMEA的第一批输入参数 First Key process input variables to put in FMEA,什么时候制作过程流程图?When do you apply process mapping?一直 Always制作过程流程图的结果是什么?What are results of Process Mapping?看建议的新的设计或再设计是不是比现有系统好 Identify whether proposed new system des
3、ign/redesign is better then current system识别需要测量系统研究的系统Identify systems needing Measurement Studies识别需要能力性研究的关键输出 Identify Key process outputs for Capability Studies识别控制计划中缺的项 Identify missing elements in the Control Plan识别过程中不增值的步骤 Identify possible non-value-added process steps,1.1 流程图布置 描述Increas
4、ing Process Description Detail,流程图(也称方块图)Flow Chart(aka Block Diagram)显示过程步骤,而不是细节 Shows process steps,without worrying about details是了解过程步骤的有用一步 Useful as a first pass to understand process steps跨职能图(也称”泳道图”)Cross Functional Map(aka“Swim lane”)把流程图过程步骤重安排到职能泳道里Rearranges flow chart process steps in
5、to lanes of functions清楚地显示连接关系 Clearly shows hand-offs过程步骤从左到右按时间前进 Process steps move left to right as time progresses跨资源图 Cross Resource Map在职能中更进一步,显示实际资源和资源之间的连接关系 Further drill down into functions,showing actual resource to resource hand offs,2.制作跨职能流程图 Cross Functional or Deployment Mapping,记载
6、 Documents:各个职能,部门和参与流程环节活动的人之间的关系 Inter-relationships among functions,departments,people who are involved in sequential process deployment activities.(who does it)Also known as Swim lane揭示 Reveals:障碍,返工渠道,延迟,未用空间,需要和产生的信息以及弯路Barriers,rework paths,delays,blank spaces,information needed and created,a
7、nd detours步骤 Steps:选择范围 Chose Scope明确过程步骤 Identify Process Steps确定顺序 Determine Sequence确定关系 Determine Relationships画图 Draw the Map添加有关时间,费用,质量,详细输入和输出的数据 Add data on time,cost,quality,detailed inputs&outputs,2.制作跨职能流程图的步骤Cross Functional Mapping Steps,开始于过程的流程图 Start with Flow Chart of process识别过程所涉
8、及的功能部门(价值链)并记录在纸的左侧 Identify Functional groups(Value Chain)that process crosses and record on left side of page画泳道线把不同的职能部门分开 Draw lines to represent the lanes between functional groups从图的左侧开始,把流程图的第一步放在合适的泳道里 Start on left side of map,place first step from flow chart in appropriate lane继续把流程的步骤按以下的
9、规则放在泳道里 Continue to place process steps according to following guidelines时间从左到右上升 Time increases from left to right across map同时发生的步骤应上下叠在一起 Steps that occur simultaneously should be stacked on top of each other箭头总是左进右出 Arrows always exit on right and enter on left sides of process symbols互相连接的但至少相隔
10、一个泳道的步骤应用虚线连接 Processes that are connected,but are more than one lane apart should be connected with dotted lines,2.1 跨职能流程图(泳道图)Cross Functional Map(Swim Lane),是一种描述不同职能或部门之间的连接关系 A map that conveys process hand offs between functions or departments把流程图中的步骤重编排成按职能排的泳道 Rearranges flow chart process
11、steps into lanes of functions行或列代表职能 Rows or columns represent functions 不同活动归属不同的职能带 Activities fall in appropriate“bands”of functions同时发生的活动从上到下归组 Concurrent activities grouped“top to bottom”有时也被称为职能图或泳道图 Sometimes called“Functional”or“Swim Lane”flowchart or map,过程步骤按时间顺序从左到右 Process steps move le
12、ft to right as time progresses明确显示部门之间的交接 Clearly shows hand-offs between departments or groups也称为泳道图或职能图 Also known as a“Swim Lane”or sometimes“Functional Map”,2.2 跨职能流程图 Cross-Functional Process Map,价值链Value Chain,流程图步骤Process MapProcess Steps,Manufacturer,Dealer-Sales-Finance-Customer Service,Buy
13、er,价值链环节相关方Stakeholders,Process Step 1,Offer Financing Options,Process Step 2,Process Step 3,Process Step 4,2.3 案例分析:制作跨职能流程图Case Study:Cross Functional Mapping(cont.),3.0 跨资源图 Cross Resource Map,是一种描述系统或组织内资源传递的图 A map that conveys process hand offs between individual resources in a system or organ
14、ization行或列表示各个资源 Rows or columns represent individual resources 各项活动归属不同的资源带 Activities fall in appropriate“bands”of resources同时发生的活动从上到下归组 Concurrent activities grouped“top to bottom”显示资源传递 Shows handoffs,resources involved,过程步骤按时间顺序从左到右 Process steps move left to right as time progresses明确显示资源之间的传
15、递 Clearly shows hand-offs between resources经常同时显示职能和资源 Often shows both Functions and Resources只是低一级的跨职能图 Just a cross functional map at a lower level,3.1 制作跨资源图的步骤Cross Resource Mapping Steps,始于流程图或跨职能图 Start with Flow Chart or Cross Functional Map识别过程所接触到的资源并把它们记录在纸的左侧 Identify individual resource
16、s that the process touches and record on left side of page画泳道线把资源分开 Draw lines to represent the lanes between resources从图的左侧开始,把流程图中的第一步放在合适的泳道里 Start on left side of map,place first step from flow chart in appropriate lane继续把其余的过程步骤按以下的规则放在泳道里 Continue to place process steps according to following
17、guidelines时间从左到右上升 Time increases from left to right across map同时发生的步骤应上下叠在一起 Steps that occur simultaneously should be stacked on top of each other箭头总是左进右出 Arrows always exit on right and enter on left sides of process symbols互相连接的但至少相隔一个泳道的步骤应用虚线连接 Processes that are connected,but are more than on
18、e lane apart should be connected with dotted lines,3.2 案例分析:制作跨资源图Case Study:Cross Resource Mapping(cont.),3.3 跨资源图 Cross Functional/Deployment Map,CUST,S MGR,TECH,MECH,CASH,DATA BASE,SA,WRITES COMPLAINT,NOTIFIES CUSTOMER,SCHED ANALYSIS AND REPAIR,REVIEWS COMPLAINT AND SPECIFIES REPAIR,REPAIRS VEHIC
19、LE,COMPLETES INVOICE,ENTERS JOB IN WORK LOG,ARRIVES AT DEALER,WAITS IN LOUNGE,PAYS CASHIER,D,D,VEHICLE DATA,D,D,Automobile Repair Process,FLOW:,Current,Proposed,X,Event,Occasions,Time/DistanceDefine Units,Cost,Totals,Total Floorspace,_ sq,ft,Value Added Index:(B/D)x 100%,1.53%,Delivery Index:(A/C)x
20、100%,1.53%,4.0 过程流程图Flow Process Chart,Charted By:_Henrietta Smith_Date:_12/19/03_,Operation or Process Record time/unit.,Delay(Re-work,Changeover,Wait)Record type,average duration and frequency.Tabulate per unit value.,Inspection Tabulate duration and frequency.Tabulate per unit value.,Transport Ta
21、bulate distance moved and quantity moved.,Storage/Inventory Tabulate average Quantity in storage or queue,(A),(B),(C),(D),Receiving Dock/Shipping Dock,1000 units,1000 units,0.5 hours,4 hours,PPIStaging,PPIInspection,2 hours250 units,48 hours600 units,Dept.A Staging,1 hour250 units,3 hours100 units,M
22、achine 1,C/T=0.5 hours10 units,Machine 2,C/T=0.5 hours10 units,0.5 hours10 units,4,1,3,1,2,C/O,1 hour,Cost/Hr.=$80”=25 ft.,1 hour,1 hour,56 hours2600 units,2 hours250 units,5 hours,$80,$80,$4480,$160,$400,$5200,4 hours1000 units,65 hours,DEPT A,PPI,5.0 带时间的跨职能图 Cross Functional Map with Time,Custome
23、r,Sales,Production,Control,Plant A,Warehouse,Plant B,Transport,Move,WIP,Product,Product,Product,12 days+13 days+1 day x+2days+1 day+10 days+1 day+9 days+1 day,50 days,Functions,Process Tasks,Non-Value-Added Time,Time,Direction of Process Flow,Wait,Wait,Wait,Move,Wait,Move,WIP,WIP,WIP,WIP,WIP,OrderPr
24、oduct,6.0 数据流-实体流的泳道图Data Flow Physical Flow Swim Lane Chart,Process,Initial Order Entry,Trip PlanGeneration,ShipmentMgmt,Output/Measure,Empty CarFulfillment,Data,Flow,Physical Flow-Account Management,Physical Flow-Pricing,Physical Flow-Order Management,Physical FlowShipment Management,Physical Flow-Settlement,7.0 项目跟踪表,THE END,
