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1、本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告装订线（学生用表）论文（设计）题目自清洗过滤器的PLC控制系统学部信息科学与工程学部专业电气工程及其自动化学科工学学生指导教师职称1课题的来源及意义1.1课题来源 随着人类环境和资源保护意识的增强，如何合理地利用水、降低污水对环境所造成的污染，己经越来越引起人们的重视。如何提高水的利用率，降低污水对环境造成的破坏，保护珍贵的水资源，对我们具有更加重要的现实意义。 工业生产和日常生活中所产生的废水，其实也是一种可再生的资源。如果能够通过一定的技术手段对其进行回收处理和再次利用，就能大幅提高水的利用效率，同时也是缓解淡水资源匮乏的有效途径。在水处理过程中，无论是原水净
2、化还是污水的再处理，过滤始终是重要的环节，是对水进行深度处理的基础1。1.2研究意义目前，我国仍有很多企业使用传统的单向流通过滤器，这种过滤器在过滤持续过程中，液体内的固态杂质被过滤元件截留在表面，逐步沉积，导致过滤元件两端压力差增大，过滤的效率随之下降。传统的过滤分离设备连续生产能力低，自动化程度不高，造成资源的巨大浪费。因此需要设计一种可实现自动反冲洗，自动化程度高， 能够连续工作运行的过滤器控制系统。近年来国内外开发研制了具备自清洗功能的过滤器。这种过滤器不仅占地面积小，而且可以在不打断过滤连续性的同时，对过滤元件进行清洗，自动化程度较高，节省了人力资源，使过滤效率大大提高2。2国内外发
3、展状况自清洗过滤器的发源地是以色列，源于以色列属于极度缺水的国家。他们首先开发了多样化的水资源管理技术和节水新技术，并用于农业喷灌、滴灌，逐渐发展到工业及各行各业。自动清洗过滤器的优点是体积小，造价低、技术水平高、使用方便，可直接装置在管道上。在冶金行业的循环水系统中，自动清洗过滤器的应用日趋广泛，我国近期引进的连铸、高炉、热轧用水系统各种加热炉、乳化剂系统以及封闭的水循环系统，大量采用了具有V型断面缝隙式自动清洗过滤器3。在使用PLC设计的过滤器全自动控制系统中，设备工作过程由专用的PLC控制器控制，过滤、冲洗状态之间能够自动切换。控制系统反应灵敏，运行精确。由于控制系统采用PLC控制使得功
4、能改变变得简单，能够随时按客户的要求改变功能，可操作性强，并且清洗高效、彻底，系统可恢复性强。该系统还具有结构设计紧凑合理，占地面积小，安装灵活方便等优点4。3研究目标、内容、方法和进度安排3.1研究目标采用PLC作为主控元件，开发设计自清洗过滤器的PLC控制系统，完成对自清洗过滤器的复位、启动、自清洗、停机、报警的系统控制。当自清洗过滤器控制系统处于工作状态时，使所有设备按照程序运行，实现自清洗过滤器的自动化控制。3.2主要内容综述过滤技术、过滤设备的现状以及发展趋势，并对具体的自动清洗过滤器的控制系统做详细介绍，得出本文研究的意义所在。 介绍全自动自清洗过滤器开发设计的方案，包括过滤器的工
5、作原理、主要组件和过滤器的控制系统，最终确定本文使用的自清洗过滤器控制系统主要组件的型号及参数。根据PLC的基本结构和工作原理，对过滤器控制系统进行设计分析，具体分析设计自清洗过滤器的硬件系统和软件系统。最终设计一套，以PLC作为控制主机的过滤器自动控制系统，完成可人工、自动切换，功能扩展方便的控制方案，绘制过滤器启动、运行、自清洗(反冲洗)、停机的控制梯形图。最后模拟实验调试程序，验证控制系统的可行性。3.3进度安排1周-2周， 进行英文文献翻译，写出毕业设计开题报告；3周-8周， 查阅资料，设计分析硬件系统； 9周-11周， 软件系统载入硬件或仿真软件运行调试，修正完善程序；12周-14周
6、， 撰写毕业论文，修改完善毕业设计，准备毕业答辩。 4实验方案的可行性分析可编程控制器PLC是一种能进行数字运算操作的电子系统，专为在工业环境下应用而设计。它采用可编程的存贮器，用来在其内部存贮执行逻辑运算、顺序控制、定时、计数和算术运算等操作的指令，并通过数字或模拟的输入和输出，控制各种类型的机械或生产过程。可编程序控制器及其有关设备，都应按易于与工业控制系统形成一个整体、易于扩充其功能的原则而设计。PLC具有通用性强、使用方便、适应面广、可靠性高、抗干扰能力强、编程简单等特点，国内一些厂家生产的自动反冲洗过滤器多是基于PLC控制的5。5参考文献1 陆柱,蔡兰坤,丛梅.给水与用水处理技术M.
7、北京:化学工业出版社，2004.2 刘颖,宋淑云.采油废水处理技术的应用及研究进展J油气田环境保护，2008：5-483 王爱伟，朱海军.自清洗过滤器结构特点与应用前景J.石油和化工，2007.8:68-694 张晓光,郑荫林,姜春波.国内外自动清洗过滤器的发展及应用J.丹东纺专学报，2002.3:28-295 吕燕.水处理系统中过滤器的PLC控制J.自动化技术与应用，2009.28（5）:1-2 学生签名： 年 月 日本科生毕业论文（设计）中期报告装订线（学生用表）学部信息科学与工程专业年级学生指导教师课题名称自清洗过滤器的PLC控制系统预期成果形式毕业论文预期目标实现自清洗过滤器自动控制简
8、述开题以来所做的具体工作和取得的进展或成果：第一至二周，对自清洗过滤器系统设计的课题来源、研究意义、发展前景以及可行性进行了分析，并且完成了开题报告。第三至四周，明确了被控对象即自清洗过滤器控制系统的工作过程，列出了设备清单以及各个硬件的参数、性能、使用方法和型号。第五至六周，确定了实验具体所使用的硬件、软件、控制系统和程序结构，并且绘制出了系统流程图。第七周，设计了实验过程，明确了实验目的以及想要验证的各个环节。存在的具体问题：1、 在实验搭建环节，对实验验证说明的问题模糊。2、 未明确实验搭建中使用实验设备的硬件参数及型号。3、 忽视了人机交互系统，难以实现人为的对系统的控制。通过每周讨论
9、会，在老师的悉心指导下，查阅相关资料，熟悉实验设备，明确了实验目的，确定实验设备的硬件参数及型号，又对系统加装触摸屏监控设备解决了上述问题。下一步工作具体设想与安排：1、第八周编写系统控制程序。2、第九周在实验室完成调试。4、 第十周撰写毕业论文。5、 第十一周修改毕业论文。6、 第十二周制作PPT文档。最后完成答辩。指导教师意见：指导教师签名：年 月 日PLC technique discussion and future developmentAlong with the development of the ages, the technique that is nowadays is
10、also gradually perfect, the competition plays more strong; the operation that list depends the artificial has already cant satisfied with the current manufacturing industry foreground, also cant guarantee the request of the higher quantity and high new the image of the technique business enterprise.
11、The people see in produce practice, automate brought the tremendous convenience and the product quantities for people up of assurance, also eased the personnels labor strength, reduce the establishment on the personnel. The target control of the hard realization in many complicated production lines,
12、 whole and excellent turn, the best decision etc., well-trained operation work, technical personnel or expert, governor but can judge and operate easily, can acquire the satisfied result. The research target of the artificial intelligence makes use of the calculator exactly to carry out, imitate the
13、se intelligences behavior, moderating the work through persons brain and calculators, with the mode that persons machine combine, for resolve the very complicated problem to look for the best pathWe come in sight of the control that links after the electric appliances in various situation, that is a
14、lready the that time generation past, now of after use in the mold a perhaps simple equipments of grass-roots control that the electric appliances can do for the low level only; And the PLC emergence also became the epoch-making topic, adding the vivid software control through a very and stable hard
15、ware, making the automation head for the new high tide.The PLC biggest characteristics lie in: The electrical engineering teacher already no longer electric hardware up too many calculations of cost, as long as order the importation that the button switch or the importation of the sensors order to l
16、ink the PLC up can solve problem, pass to output to order the conjunction contact machine or control the start equipments of the big power after the electric appliances, but the exportation equipments direct conjunction of the small power can.PLC internal containment have the CPU of the CPU, and tak
17、e to have an I/ O for expand of exterior to connect a peoples address and saving machine three big pieces to constitute, CPU core is from an or many is tired to add the machine to constitute, mathematics that they have the logic operation ability, and can read the procedure save the contents of the
18、machine to drive the homologous saving machine and I/ Os to connect after pass the calculation; The I/ O add inner part is tired the input and output system of the machine and exterior link, and deposit the related data into the procedure saving machine or data saving machine; The saving machine can
19、 deposit the data that the I/ O input in the saving machine, and in work adjusting to become tired to add the machine and I/ Os to connect, saving machine separately saving machine RAM of the procedure saving machine ROM and dates, the ROM can do deposit of the data permanence in the saving machine,
20、 but RAM only for the CPU computes the temporary calculation usage of hour of buffer space.The PLC anti- interference is very and excellent, our root need not concern its service life and the work situation bad, these all problems have already no longer become the topic that we fail, but stay to our
21、 is a concern to come to internal resources of make use of the PLC to strengthen the control ability of the equipments for us, make our equipments more gentle.PLC language is not we imagine of edit collected materials the language or language of Cs to carry on weaving the distance, but the trapezoid
22、 diagram that the adoption is original after the electric appliances to control, make the electrical engineering teacher while weaving to write the procedure very easy comprehended the PLC language, and a lot of non- electricity professional also very quickly know and go deep into to the PLC.Is PLC
23、one of the advantage above and only, this is also one part that the people comprehend more and easily, in a lot of equipments, the people have already no longer hoped to see too many control buttons, they damage not only and easily and produce the artificial error easiest, small is not a main error
24、perhaps you can still accept; But lead even is a fatal error greatly is what we cant is tolerant of. New technique always for bringing more safe and convenient operation for us, make we a lot of problems for face on sweep but light, do you understand the HMI? Says the HMI here you basically not clea
25、r what it is, also have no interest understanding, change one inside text explains it into the touch to hold or man-machine interface you knew, and it combines with the PLC to our larger space.HMI the control not only is reduced the control press button, increase the vivid of the control, more main
26、of it is can sequence of, and at can the change data input to output the feedback with data, control in the temperature curve of imitate but also can keep the manifestation of view to come out. And can write the function help procedure through a plait to provide the help of various what lies in ones
27、 power, the one who make operate reduces the otiose error. Currently the HMI factory is also more and more, the function is also more and more strong, the price is also more and more low, and the noodles of the usage are wide more and more. The HMI foreground can say that think to be good very.At a
28、lot of situations, the list is a smooth movement that cant guarantee the equipments by the control of the single machine, but pass the information exchanges of the equipments and equipments to attain the result that we want. For example fore pack and the examination of the empress work preface, we w
29、ill arrive wrapping information feedback to examine the place, and examine the information of the place to also want the feedback to packing. Pass the information share thus to make both the chain connect, becoming a total body, the match of your that thus make is more close, at each other attain to
30、 reflect the result that mutually flick.The PLC correspondence has already come more body now its value, at the PLC and correspondence between PLCs, can pass the communication of the information and the share of the dates to guarantee that of the equipments moderates mutually, the result that arrive
31、 already to repair with each other. Data conversion the adoption RS232 between PLC connect to come to the transmission data, but the RS232 pick up a people and can guarantee 10 meters only of deliver the distance, if in the distance of 1000 meters we can pass the RS485 to carry on the correspondence
32、, the longer distance can pass the MODEL only to carry on deliver.The PLC data transmission is just to be called a form to it in a piece of and continuous address that the data of the inner part delivers the other party, we, the PLC of the other party passes to read data in the watch to carry on the
33、 operation. If the data that data in the watch is a to establish generally, that is just the general data transmission, for example today of oil price rise, I want to deliver the price of the oil price to lose the oil ally on board, that is the share of the data; But take data in the watch for an in
34、struction procedure that controls the PLC, that had the difficulty very much, for example you have to control one pedestal robot to press the action work that you imagine, you will draw up for it the form that a procedure combine with the data sends out to pass by.The form that information transport
35、 contain single work, the half a work and the difference of a workers .The meaning of the single work also is to say both, a can send out only, but a can receive only, for example a spy he can receive the designation of the superior only, but cant give the superior reply; A work of half is also 2 an
36、d can send out similar to accept the data, but cant send out and accept at the same time, for example when you make a phone call is to cant answer the phone, the other party also; But whole pair works is both can send out and accept the data, and can send out and accept at the same time. Be like the
37、 Internet is a typical example.The process that information transport also has synchronous and different step cent: The data line and the clock lines are synchronous when synchronous meaning lie in sending out the data, is also the data signal and the clock signals to be carry on by the CPU to send
38、out at the same time, this needs to all want the specialized clock signal each other to carry on the transmission and connect to send, and is constrained, the characteristics of this kind of method lies in its speed very quick, but correspond work time of take up the CPU and also want to be long opp
39、ositely, at the same time the technique difficulty also very big. Its request lies in canting have an error margins in a dates deliver, otherwise the whole piece according to compare the occurrence mistake, this on the hardware is a bigger difficulty. Applied more and more extensive in some appropri
40、ative equipments, be like the appropriative medical treatment equipments, the numerical signal equipments.etc., in compare the one data deliver, its result is very good.And the different step is an application the most extensive, this receive benefit in it of technique difficulty is opposite and wan
41、t to be small, at the same time not need to prepare the specialized clock signal, its characteristics to lie in, its data is partition, the long-lost send out and accept, be the CPU is too busy of time can grind to a stop sex to work, also reduced the difficulty on the hardware, the data throw to lo
42、se at the same time opposite want to be little, we can pass the examination of the data to observe whether the data that we send out has the mistake or not, be like strange accidentally the method, tired addition and eight efficacies method etc., can use to helps whether the data that we examine to
43、send out have or not the mistake occurrence, pass the feedback to carry on the discriminator.A line of transmission of the information contains a string of and combine the cent of: The usual PLC is 8 machines, certainly also having 16 machines. We can be an at the time of sending out the data a send
44、 out to the other party, also can be 88 send out the data to the other party, an and 8 differentiations are also the as that we say to send out the data and combine sends out the data. A speed is more and slowly, but as long as 2 or three lines can solve problem, and can use the telephone line to ca
45、rry on the long range control. But combine the ocular transmission speed is very quick of, it is a string of ocular of 25600%, occupy the advantage in the short distance, the in view of the fact TTL electricity is even, being limited by the scope of one meter generally, it combine unwell used for th
46、e data transmission of the long pull, thus the cost is too expensive.Under a lot of circumstances we are total to like to adopt the string to combine the conversion chip to carry on deliver, under this kind of circumstance not need us to carry on to deposited the machine to establish too and complic
47、atedly, but carry on the data exchanges through the data transmission instruction directly, but is not a very viable way in the correspondence, because the PLC of the other party must has been wait for your data exportation at the time of sending out the data, it cant do other works.When you are rea
48、ding the book, you hear someone knock on door, you stop to start up of affair, open the door and combine to continue with the one who knock on door a dialogue, the telephone of this time rang, you signal hint to connect a telephone, after connecting the telephone through, return overdo come together knock on door to have a
