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1、斜齿圆柱齿轮的设计、制作及误差测量目 录1 前言 11.1 渐开线斜齿圆柱齿轮的应用和研究现状 11.1.1 齿形误差测量现状 21.1.2 齿向误差测量现状 21.2 本课题的任务 31.3 可行性分析 32.1 齿轮的设计 32 齿轮的加工 52.2.1 齿轮坯加工过程 52.2.2 齿轮加工过程 63.1 三坐标测量机概述 73.2测量齿轮基本参数 93.3 测量步骤 93.3.1 测量起始圆半径与终止圆半径 93.3.2 测量步骤和所得数据 104.1.1 齿形误差的定义及分析原理 174.1.2 AutoCAD简介及数据在其中的处理过程 184.1.3 齿形精度分析 204.2 齿向
2、误差分析 204.2.1 齿向误差的定义及分析原理 204.2.2 齿向误差的数据处理 214.3 精度分析 26结束语 26参考文献 27致谢 281 前言1.1 渐开线斜齿圆柱齿轮的应用和研究现状渐开线圆柱齿轮传动具有适用范围广，传动精度高，传动效率高，使用寿命长等多项优点，故应用极为广泛。特别是渐开线圆柱斜齿轮，因其齿廓接触线的长度由零逐渐增长，从某一位置以后又逐渐缩短，直至脱离接触。它说明斜齿轮的齿廓是逐渐进入接触，又逐渐脱离接触的，故工作平稳，应用也更为广泛。随着现代工业生产和科学技术的迅速发展，对齿轮传动的性能要求也愈来愈高。通常，对其使用性能的要求可归纳为：传递运动的准确性、传动
3、的平稳性、载荷分布的均匀性以及适当的传动侧隙。其中齿形误差、齿向误差是反映齿轮工作过程中载荷分布均匀性的重要指标。齿形误差的精确测量与评定可以有效地判定第公差组的性能指标，齿向误差的精确测量与评定可以有效判定第公差组的性能指标同时，通过对齿形、齿向误差测量结果的分析，可以找到误差的产生原因，为齿轮加工机床参数的调整、刀具的修磨等提供科学依据。1.1.1 齿形误差测量现状 目前，渐开线圆柱齿轮齿形误差的测量方法主要有标准设计齿形比较法、标准渐开线轨迹法和坐标测量法等三大测量方法。（1）标准设计齿形比较法是将被测实际齿形与标准设计齿形曲线进行比较而得到齿形误差的方法。该方法的主要问题在于：被测齿轮
4、端面与齿轮定位孔的孔心线垂直度误差、成像误差等将直接影响测量结果的准确性。因此，该方法只适于盘类齿轮齿形误差的测量，而且测量精度低，一般只能对7级以下精度的齿轮进行测量。（2）标准渐开线轨迹法是将被测齿形与仪器复现的标准理论渐开线轨迹进行比较，求出齿形误差，并通过在直尺基圆盘式、圆盘杠杆式等机械展成仪或电子展成仪上实现。该方法的主要问题在于：仪器的基准误差、被测齿轮的安装误差以及基圆盘的直径尺寸误差等对测量结果影响较大。（3）坐标测量法是将被测齿形上若干点的实际坐标与理论坐标进行比较的一种测量方法。采用这种方法测量必须解决两个问题：实际坐标的获取；理论坐标的计算。该方法的主要问题是计算繁琐，特
5、别是测点要求多、测点布置有特殊要求时，数据处理工作量大。1.1.2 齿向误差测量现状渐开线圆柱齿轮分度圆螺旋角误差的测量方法主要为比较法和坐标法。比较法一般是在导程检查仪或齿形齿向测量仪上实现。导程检查仪或齿形齿向测量仪将绕轴线的转动与沿轴线的直线运动有机结合起来，形成标准的螺旋运动，然后将标准螺旋线与被测齿轮的螺旋线进行比较，由指示装置或读数装置直接读出分度圆螺旋角误差的测量结果。坐标法一般是在万能工具显微镜上实现，它根据螺旋线的形成原理，按比例用长度坐标和角度坐标分别测出测头沿轴向的直线位移和齿轮转角，通过理论计算得出分度圆螺旋角误差的测量结果。若被测齿轮为盘类齿轮，无论采用比较法还是坐标
6、法，都必须用特制芯轴将被测齿轮安装在测量仪器上。因此，芯轴的加工制造误差、被测齿轮的安装误差以及仪器本身的误差都会影响分度圆螺旋角误差的测量精度。 1.2 本课题的任务1. 设计加工斜齿轮2. 通过三坐标测量机测得齿廓、齿向特征点坐标3将测得的数据导入AUTOCAD ，借助软件分析、评定齿形、齿向误差4. 分析各误差的来源，指导滚齿机床调整，减小加工误差1.3 可行性分析参照相关设计资料，设计出齿数Z=36，法面模数n=3,螺旋角=11o的斜齿圆柱齿轮，借助金工车间的车床和Y -3180滚齿机床可以加工出该斜齿轮。由于三坐标测量机具有柔性定位功能，可以建立工件坐标系，使测量数据的处理大大简化。
7、将被测齿轮任意放在坐标测量机工作台的工作范围内，以斜齿轮的一个精加工表面上端面定义XOY平面（z轴），另2个坐标轴同坐标测量机的x轴和y轴同向即可建立工件坐标系。借助AutoCAD、Matlab6.5等分析软件的曲线拟合及标注功能，可以完成相关误差的测量。2 齿轮的设计与制作2.1 齿轮的设计（1）.确定齿轮精度等级该齿轮主要应用于一般减速器，属于中层硬齿面，故选择齿轮等级为8级（2）.齿轮各项几何参数的确定法向模数mn=3螺旋角=11o齿数z=36压力角=20o齿顶圆直径da=mn *(z+2)/ =116.13mm分度圆直径d=mn *z/=110.2mm(3).为了保证齿轮传递运动的准确
8、性、平稳性，低噪音、弱震动以及载荷分布的均匀性，将齿轮的各项公差和极限偏差分成三组。根据该齿轮的8级精度，选择合适的检验项目如下：公差组精度等级检验项目8级8级、8级齿轮副8级（表 1）(4). 确定检验项目由机械设计课程设计手册表10-8查得，齿距累计总公差Fw=0.040mm由机械设计课程设计手册表10-6查得，径向跳动公差 =0.045mm由机械设计课程设计手册表10-6查得，齿形公差=0.014mm由机械设计课程设计手册表10-7查得，基节极限偏差=0.018mm由机械设计课程设计手册表10-6（3）查得，齿向公差Fb=0.025mm（5）.分度圆齿厚由机械设计课程设计手册表10-14
9、差得，Esns=-6fptESNI=-10fpt由机械设计课程设计手册表10-7查得，fpt=0.02mm则ESNS=-6fpt=-0.12mmE SNI=-10fpt=-0.2mmS=mm(6). 齿轮坯精度1) 内孔尺寸偏差：由表1014查得公差为IT7，其尺寸为mm2) 以齿顶圆作为测量基准，查机械设计课程设计手册表10-15得，齿顶圆公差等级为IT8，由机械设计课程设计手册表9-1得，标准公差数值为0.054，故齿顶圆的尺寸3) 基准面的形位公差：由机械设计课程设计手册表1018得，端面圆跳动公差：t2= 0.018顶圆径向圆跳动公差：t3=t2=0.018mm4) 齿面表面粗糙度：由
10、机械设计课程设计手册，表1016查得，齿顶圆柱面 Ra=3.2基准端面 Ra=3.2中心孔 Ra= 1.6 齿面 Ra= 1.6（图 1）12 齿轮的加工2.2.1 齿轮坯加工过程1. 通过卧式弓锯床将锻钢锯成所需长度；2. 通过车床将锻钢加工成齿轮坯具体步骤如下： 用内三角卡盘装夹，粗车外圆； 反向装夹，粗车外圆，精车外圆，粗车一端面，精车该端面； 反向装夹，精车另一端面至116.13mm，精车该端面； 中心钻定心，依次用12，25的钻头加工中心孔； 用内孔车刀将钻成的内孔加工至35； 反向装夹，将工件外圆精车至116.13mm；2.2.2 齿轮加工过程1装齿轮坯装夹到工作台；2. 根据所要
11、加工的齿数Z=36查分齿挂轮分别为Za=50,Zb=25,Zc=20,Zd=40（见图21）；3. 更换离合,M2换下M1 ，将差动运动导入传动链（离合器在e 轮后面，见图21）；4. 计算差动挂轮，根据计算公式=，其中=11o算得 a2=58,b2=74,c2=65,d2=89（见图21）；5. 按要求挂好各挂轮；6. 将右旋滚刀逆时针旋转8o20(f=11o-w=11o-2o40)其中w为滚刀螺旋角(见图22)；7. 装夹完成后，对刀；8. 试切，确保加工出的工件齿数正确；9. 抬升滚刀高于工件，将工作台向滚刀方向进5mm；10. 加工完成后，重复上述操作，进给1.75mm；11. 加工完
12、后取下工件 （加工好的齿轮见图23）；12. 在牛头刨床上加工键槽。图22滚齿机滚刀度数调整 图23 加工好的齿轮+分齿挂轮差动挂轮图21滚 齿机滚轮图3 齿轮特征点坐标的采集3.1 三坐标测量机概述任何形状都是由空间点组成，所有的几何量测量都可以归结为空间点的测量，因此精确进行空间点坐标的采集，是评定任何几何形状的基础。坐标测量机的基本原理就是将被测零件放入它允许的测量空间，精确的测出被测零件表面的点在空间三个坐标位置的数值，将这些点的坐标数值经过计算机数据处理，拟和形成测量元素，如圆、球、圆柱、圆锥、曲面等，经过数学计算的方法得出其形状、位置公差及其他几何量数据，也可以将数据导出，输入到其
13、他软件中进行处理，得出测量结果。测量机一般由主机、电气系统、软件系统及探测系统所组成。主机包括了其上附属的装置如光栅、电机等；电气系统包括电控柜及计算机；测量软件形式很多，如通用软件、统计分析软件等，由于误差补偿技术的发展以及算法和控制软件的改进，测量机精度在很大程度上依赖于软件；探测系统是由测头及其附件组成的系统，测头是坐标测量机的关键部件，测头精度的高低很大程度决定了测量机的测量重复性及精度。本课题所使用的测量机属移动桥式结构，型号为MXCEL PFX4-5-4，测座是手动测量机用测座，型号为MIP，测量精度达1m。见图3-1所示, 型号为TIPIBY21MM，测球理论直径为2，见图32。
14、图31 三坐标测量机图32测量机侧头图32测量机侧头3.2测量齿轮基本参数法向模数mn=3螺旋角=11o齿数z=36压力角=20o齿顶圆直径da=116.13mm分度圆直径d=110.20mm3.3 测量步骤3.3.1 测量起始圆半径与终止圆半径1）起始圆半径的确定根据齿轮副的啮合原理，应以齿轮齿条啮合时的齿条的齿顶线与啮合线点的圆为起始圆，其半径为（见图33）：图33测量起始圆半径与中心角的关系工作圆的半径RA=Li=求得，RA = 51.23mm2） 终止圆半径等于齿顶圆半径R=ra =58.065mm3.3.2 测量步骤和所得数据1）打开与测量机相连的气压泵和计算机，并启动三坐标测量机。
15、2）将待测齿轮清洗干净，平放在三坐标测量机的大理石测量台上。3）选择安装合适的测座TIPIBY21MM测头。4）启动pcdmis操作系统，测量机主轴回参。5）在测量台上安装标准件，分别对45度和90度的测头进行校验。6）分别建立与a,b角度对应的坐标系，具体做法是，在上端面采集3-5个点构造平面面1，通过采集中心孔的两个不同高度的6个点构造一个圆柱面，进而构造出中心轴线线1，进而构造上端面圆心点1，再采集上端面上除圆心外一点点2，（最好与圆心连线和机床坐标系的X轴平行）， 点1与点2可构造出线2，面1设为XOY平面，并设定垂直向上为正Z PLUS,设线2为X轴，设点1为原点，即可建成工件坐标系
16、。7）跟据算得的起测圆半径，采集特征点，即保证在Z坐标不变的情况下。对两个齿的上、中、下三个层的齿廓密集采集特征点，采得的特征点见表31，32，8）齿向数据的采集要保证所采点在分度圆上，即采得的数据见表33，34表31齿形齿廓坐标x,y(mm)上层齿廓中层齿廓下层齿廓1.748,50.63.44,50.3816.503,48.6981.724,50.6653.327,50.4894.928,50.4361.688,50.7783.209,50.6674.908,50.551.62,51.1363.124,50.8474.877,50.7281.621,51.1363.082,50.9964.8
17、18,51.0321.582,51.273.042,51.1894.776,51.281.567,51.3383.007,51.3184.722,51.5411.512,51.552.975,51.434.693,51.6661.488,51.6352.933,51.5954.649,51.9011.453,51.7652.889,51.8544.629,51.9941.392,51.9962.823,52.1294.586,52.171.357,52.1182.759,52.3964.556,52.3141.27,52.4092.694,52.6944.51,52.5251.18,52.70
18、12.647,52.8764.433,52.8411.088,52.9982.59,53.0734.363,53.1471.009,53.272.525,53.3194.305,53.406.0.96,53.4262.43,53.6574.2,53.7080.895,53.6242.355,53.9274.104,53.9730.85,53.7512.232,54.3633.988,54.2690.728,54.052.105,54.7123.844,54.6360.643,54.2441.891,55.2153.757,54.8740.535,54.4691.666,55.7523.676,
19、55.070.462,54.6331.369,56.3983.612,55.2220.324,54.9311.205,56.7453.526,55.4310.206,55.1831.003,57.1673.425,55.6860.132,55.3270.805,57.5163.333,55.8970.061,55.469异名齿廓: -4.396,49.6893.236,56.1170.005,55.591-3.307,50.3553.192,56.217-0.039,55.679-3.155,50.5523.12,56.388-0.105,55.818-2.995,50.9332.96,56.
20、687-0.216,56.03-2.915,51.1712.702,56.846-0.307,56.205-2.861,51.382异名齿廓：-1.447,49.578-0.368,56.329-2.842,51.5711.33,49.706-0.478,56.546-2.809,51.854-1.188,49.875异名齿廓:-4.477,49.564-2.743,52.171-1.099,50.079-4.333,49.773-2.646,52.559-1.037,50.252-4.289,49.943-2.573,52.86-0.951,50.465-4.195,50.232-2.491
21、,53.156-0.878,50.712-4.121,50.609-2.441,53.356-0.862,50.821-4.089,50.94-2.405,53.485-0.829,51.011-4.041,51.24-2.321,53.8-0.798,51.245-3.915,51.838-2.198,54.203-0.729,51.502-3.797,52.316-2.14,54.436-0.698,51.605-3.738,52.587-2.015,54.798-0.638,51.822-3.618,53.061-1.856,55.181-0.561,52.073-3.547,53.33
22、9-1.685,55.583-0.479,52.333-3.465,53.642-1.541,55.909-0.406,52.582-3.313,54.111-1.364,56.309-0.345,52.784-3.194,54.417-1.175,56.723-0.222,53.148-3.034,54.828-1.048,56.988-0.093,53.552-2.935,55.069-0.862,57.3620.009,53.833-2.865,55.2290.121,54.141-2.774,55.4440.297,54.516-2.678,55.6780.475,54.883-2.5
23、44,55.9540.663,55.274-2.477,56.1330.887,55.726-2.401,56.3141.145,56.225-2.339,56.45-2.011,56.747表32 齿形齿廓坐标第2齿齿形坐标 x,y ( mm)一齿面上层中层下层-1.463,-49.567-3.143,-49.715-5.968,-50.239-2.482,-50.12-3.871,-50.246-6.056,-50.427-2.598,-50.232-4.087,-50.439-6.158,-50.615-2.775,-50.416-4.252,-50.65-6.309,-50.975-2
24、.903,-50.661-4.446,-51.021-6.71,-51.942-3.06,-50.978-4.594,-51.393-6.829,-52.2-3.168,-51.389-4.685,-51.736-6.888,-52.332-3.25,-51.675-4.827,-52.14-6.941,-52.435-3.335,-51.961-4.93,-52.384-7.074,-52.705-3.393,-52.111-5.121,-52.824-7.195,-52.969-3.472,-52.327-5.309,-53.284-7.27,-53.1-3.563,-52.561-5.4
25、79,-53.647-7.383,-53.318-3.696,-52.88-5.637,-53.989-7.44,-53.426-3.805,-53.176-5.856,-54.443-7.513,-53.576-3.971,-53.567-6.027,-54.76-7.585,-53.719-4.057,-53.762-6.23,-55.083-7.707,-53.957-4.178,-54.023-6.461,-55.457-7.876,-54.198-4.351,-54.418-6.841,-56.037-8.013,-54.404-4.428,-54.567-7.153,-56.522
26、-8.121,-54.559-4.541,-54.769异名齿面-8.283,-54.798-4.766,-55.16-10.857,-49.116-8.459,-55.041-4.961,-55.487-10.332,-49.73-9.086,-55.935-5.096,-55.73-10.283,-50.192-9.142,-56.014-5.326,-56.089-10.253,-50.592-9.32,-56.247-5.531,-56.437-10.238,-50.941-9.512,-56.458-5.863,-56.813-10.233,-51.265-9.832,-56.56异
27、名齿面-9.206,-49.228-10.198,-51.65异名齿廓-12.129,-48.643-9.065,-49.409-10.15,-52.167-12.026,-48.917-8.917,-49.79-10.092,-52.496-11.98,-49.128-8.887,-50.07-10.063,-52.799-11.968,-49.414-8.879,-50.341-10.035,-53.027-11.962,-49.595-8.811,-50.616-9.988,-53.349-11.961,-49.752-8.801,-50.997-9.934,-53.629-11.947
28、,-50.057-8.777,-51.249-9.834,-54.041-11.931,-50.329-8.75,-51.473-9.767,-54.294-11.919,-50.583-8.721,-51.75-9.672,-54.678-11.899,-50.91-8.636,-52.352-9.554,-55.088-11.889,-51.121-8.608,-52.523-9.441,-55.498-11.876,-51.325-8.588,-52.706-9.3,-55.978-11.857,-51.53-8.534,-53.045-9.264,-56.088-11.848,-51.
29、66-8.467,-53.424-9.17,-56.314-11.832,-51.854-8.354,-53.968-11.814,-52.084-8.264,-54.259-11.798,-52.269-8.138,-54.691-11.737,-52.65-7.983,-55.185-11.701,-52.831-7.845,-55.659-11.642,-53.085-7.66,-56.195-11.599,-53.27-11.54,-53.552-11.479,-53.82-11.433,-54-11.37,-54.279-11.297,-54.567-11.231,-54.84-11
30、.154,-55.138-11.078,-55.422-11.005,-55.692-10.913,-55.99表33齿轮齿向坐标1齿面左右齿廓x,y,z(mm)1齿面1侧1齿面另一侧-0.948,56.332,-1.488-3.153,56.223,-0.907-0.857,56.338,-1.991-3.043,56.259,-1.495-0.766,56.343,-2.488-2.946,56.265,-2.01-0.667,56.349,-3.027-2.858,56.271,-2.486-0.579,56.355,-3.517-2.756,56.277,-3.0520.491,56.
31、36,-4-2.667,56.282,-3.502-0.399,56.366,-4.508-3.07,56.288,-4.481-0.317,56.371,-4.973-2.475,56.294,-4.503-0.191,56.333,-5.525-2.38,56.3,-5.001-0.106,56.338,-5.998-2.293,56.305,-5.476-0.012,56.344,-6.528-2.188,56.312,-6.0420.074,56.349,-7.001-2.595,56.317,-6.9920.167,56.355,-7.512-2.014,56.322,-7.0090
32、.254,56.36,-7.995-1.913,56.328,-7.4910.343,56.366,-8.508-1.817,56.334,-7.9910.435,56.372,-9.001-1.719,56.34,-8.5240.551,56.319,-9.513-1.627,56.346,-9.0190.636,56.325,-9.973-1.534,56.352,-9.50.731,56.33,-10.505-1.44,56.357,-10.0050.819,56.336,-11.003-1.344,56.363,-10.4990.909,56.341,-11.511-1.288,56.
33、295,-11.0040.994,56.347,-12-1.198,56.3,-11.4841.088,56.352,-12.509-1.102,56.306,-12.0011.11,56.313,-12.526-1.502,56.312,-12.9991.188,56.318,-12.969-0.92,56.317,-12.9751.283,56.324,-13.496-0.82,56.324,-13.5121.37,56.329,-13.988-0.72,56.33,-14.0141.457,56.334,-14.48-0.63,56.335,-14.511.542,56.34,-14.9
34、74-0.531,56.341,-15.0321.629,56.345,-15.484-0.437,56.347,-15.5291.72,56.35,-16.013-0.351,56.352,-15.9911.827,56.306,-16.511-0.258,56.358,-16.5071.917,56.311,-17.032-0.16,56.364,-16.9981.995,56.316,-17.498-0.563,56.37,-17.9882.076,56.321,-17.9660.023,56.375,-17.9722.167,56.327,-18.501-0.373,56.381,-1
35、9.0052.264,56.296,-18.981-0.3,56.341,-19.5192.352,56.301,-19.52-0.204,56.349,-20.0162.434,56.306,-20.0160.374,56.354,-19.9672.515,56.311,-20.497-0.028,56.36,-21.0062.595,56.316,-20.9730.565,56.366,-20.9852.706,56.276,-21.530.666,56.372,-21.5272.781,56.281,-21.9820.759,56.377,-22.0222.871,56.287,-22.
36、5170.815,56.336,-22.5262.959,56.292,-23.0340.914,56.342,-23.0243.04,56.297,-23.5341,56.347,-23.5133.152,56.222,-23.9880.611,56.353,-24.5663.232,56.254,-24.5191.279,56.364,-25.0233.316,56.259,-25.0231.372,56.37,-25.5493.398,56.264,-25.5091.427,56.312,-26.0193.483,56.27,-26.0071.514,56.317,-26.4973.60
37、3,56.191,-26.51.11,56.323,-27.5083.603,56.191,-26.51.691,56.328,-27.483.698,56.197,-27.0091.874,56.34,-28.4843.783,56.202,-27.513.859,56.207,-27.9973.945,56.212,-28.497表34 齿轮齿向坐标2齿面左右齿廓x,y,z(mm)-4.902,-56.136,-2.004-7.132,-55.911,-1.266-5.002,-56.119,-2.576-7.179,-55.903,-1.518-5.103,-56.102,-3.122-
38、7.28,-55.886,-2.061-5.199,-56.085,-3.653-7.362,-55.871,-2.5-5.263,-56.074,-4.014-7.458,-55.855,-3.006-5.352,-56.059,-4.531-7.553,-55.839,-3.516-5.444,-56.043,-5.055-7.638,-55.824,-3.964-5.608,-56.146,-5.591-7.735,-55.807,-4.489-5.69,-56.132,-6.066-7.83,-55.837,-5.085-5.773,-56.118,-6.535-7.912,-55.8
39、23,-5.537-5.86,-56.103,-7.024-7.997,-55.809,-5.984-5.953,-56.087,-7.555-8.097,-55.792,-6.53-6.034,-56.073,-8.002-8.176,-55.778,-6.968-6.135,-56.055,-8.584-8.272,-55.762,-7.497-6.211,-56.042,-9.026-8.367,-55.745,-8.022-6.299,-56.027,-9.531-8.457,-55.73,-8.514-6.394,-56.011,-10.082-8.544,-55.715,-9.00
40、4-6.467,-55.999,-10.483-8.634,-55.7,-9.5-6.556,-55.984,-10.996-8.733,-55.683,-10.04-6.646,-55.968,-11.515-8.782,-55.674,-10.327-6.73,-55.954,-12.014-8.899,-55.654,-10.983-6.826,-55.937,-12.551-8.999,-55.637,-11.52-6.91,-55.923,-13.026-9.087,-55.622,-12.009-7.008,-55.906,-13.576-9.175,-55.607,-12.503
41、-7.104,-55.916,-14.03-9.269,-55.591,-13.023-7.201,-55.9,-14.6-9.356,-55.576,-13.501-7.268,-55.888,-14.998-9.444,-55.561,-14.011-7.359,-55.873,-15.537-9.526,-55.547,-14.485-7.448,-55.857,-16.049-9.626,-55.53,-15.033-7.531,-55.843,-16.513-9.717,-55.514,-15.544-7.629,-55.826,-17.065-9.802,-55.499,-16.0
42、32-7.752,-55.863,-17.553-9.889,-55.484,-16.49-7.826,-55.851,-18.004-9.976,-55.469,-16.995-7.917,-55.835,-18.539-10.055,-55.456,-17.488-8.001,-55.821,-19.017-10.146,-55.44,-18.024-8.099,-55.804,-19.587-10.226,-55.427,-18.514-8.173,-55.791,-20.028-10.311,-55.412,-18.986-8.266,-55.775,-20.571-10.394,-5
43、5.398,-19.499-8.334,-55.764,-21.016-10.484,-55.382,-20.061-8.437,-55.746,-21.581-10.551,-55.371,-20.501-8.513,-55.733,-22.022-10.639,-55.356,-21.069-8.607,-55.717,-22.549-10.712,-55.328,-21.5-8.69,-55.703,-23.033-10.79,-55.312,-22.024-8.765,-55.69,-23.537-10.866,-55.299,-22.509-8.848,-55.675,-24.054-10.944,-55.286,-23.048-8.931,-55.661,-24.543-11.017,-55.274,-23.544-9.008,-55.648,-25.021-11.084,-55.262,-24.013-9.092,-55.633,-25.545-11.176,-55.246,-24.506-9.168,-55.62,-26.042-11.235,-55.236,-25.039,-9.243,-55.607,-
