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1、附件1：外文资料翻译译文The finite element analysis system development present situation and prospect Ravichandra Patchigolla and Yesh P. SinghAlong with the development of modern science and technology, people are constantly build more fast traffic tools, larger buildings, the more big span Bridges, the more p
2、ower generator sets and more precision mechanical equipment. All these require engineer in the designing phase can accurately predict products and engineering technical performance, need to structure strength and static and dynamic temperature field, flow field, electromagnetic field and seepage ana
3、lysis of technical parameters. For example analysis and calculation of the high-rise buildings and large span bridge during an earthquake, look at the implications will happen destructive accidents; Analysis and calculation of the temperature field of nuclear reactors, determine whether reasonable h
4、eat transfer and cooling system; Analysis of fluid dynamics in turbine blade, in order to improve the operation parameters of efficiency. These can be summed up in solving physical control problems partial differential equations is often impossible. In recent years in the computer technology and the
5、 numerical Analysis method supports developed under Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method and Finite Element, order is to solve the complicated engineering Analysis and calculation problem which provides an effective way. Our country of the ninth five-year plan period in promoting CAD technology, mec
6、hanical industry from the prevalence rate of large and medium-sized enterprises CAD 20% of the five-year end raised to current 70%. Along with the enterprise CAD widely applied, Engineering and technical personnel, and already gradually dump board will focus in how to optimize the design, improve pr
7、oduct quality, Engineering and Computer Aided Engineering analysis (CAE, Computer software and applicants Engineering) method will be the key technical factors. In engineering practice, finite element analysis software and the integrated application of CAD system make the design level occurred a qua
8、litative leap, mainly displays in the following aspects: to increase the design function, reduce design cost; shorten design and analysis of cycle; increase the reliability of products and engineering; adopting the optimization design, reduce material consumption or cost; in products manufacturing o
9、r engineering construction advance found potential problem; simulate various test plan to reduce the time and money; mechanical accident analysis, found out the cause of the accident. In promoting CAD technology today, from his bike to the space shuttle, all the design manufacture is inseparable fro
10、m the finite element calculation and analysis, in the engineering design and analysis FEA will get more and more extensive attention. Below is the San Francisco bay bridge seismic response analysis of finite element analysis model. Development direction and significant progress in early 20th century
11、 world at the end of the 1950s and early 1960s invested a lot of manpower and material resources development with powerful features of finite element analysis program. One of the most famous is by NASA (NASA) in 1965 entruststhe American computing science company and bel air system company developed
12、 the NASTRAN finite element analysis system. This system have been developed dozens of version, is the worlds largest, the strongest function finite element analysis system. From then to now, the worlds research institutions and universities are developing a batch of smaller but flexible, price lowe
13、r special or general finite element analysis software, mainly in Germany PAFEC ASKA, British, French SYSTUS, American ABQUS, ADINA, ANSYS, BERSAFE, BOSOR COSMOS, ELAS, MARC, STARDYNE etc products with. Todays international development of the FEA method and software shows the following some trends fe
14、atures: 1 from the pure structure mechanics calculation development to solve many problems of physical field finite element analysis method (from structured matrix analysis, evolved gradually extended to board, shell and entity etc continuum solid mechanics analysis, the practice has proved it is a
15、very efficient numerical analysis method. And theoretically has also proof, as long as the unit used for solving the object of discrete small enough income can be enough solution in precision value approach. So in recent years has progressed to finite element method of fluid mechanics, temperature f
16、ield, electric conduction, magnetic field, seepage and problems solving calculation of acoustic, and recently developed to solve several interdisciplinary problem. For example when air flows through a high tower, and the deformation of the tower in turn affect deformation airflow flow. This needs wi
17、th solid mechanics and fluid dynamic finite element analysis results cross, the so-called iteration fluidsolid coupled problem. 2 by solving linear engineering problems progressed to the analysis nonlinear problems with the development of science and technology, linear theory has far cant meet the d
18、esign requirements. For example the high-rise building and construction industry, the emergence of large-span suspension bridge is asked to consider structure of large displacement and large strain etc geometrically nonlinear; Aerospace and power engineering of high temperature parts existing therma
19、l deformation and thermal stress, also want to consider material nonlinear problem; Such as plastic, rubber and composite materials, etc. Various kinds of new material appears, only on linear computation theory would not be sufficient to solve the problems of using nonlinear finite element algorithm
20、, only to solve. As is known to all, nonlinear numerical calculation is very complex, it involves a lot of special mathematics problems and operation skill, hard as general engineering technicians hands. Therefore in recent years abroad some company has spent a lot of manpower and investment and dev
21、elopment such as MARC, ABQUS and ADINA specializes in solving nonlinear problems such as the finite element analysis software, and widely used in engineering practice. These software in common is efficient nonlinear solver and rich and practical nonlinear CaiLiaoKu. 3 enhance visual lead modeling an
22、d rear data processing functions early finite element analysis software research emphasis on solving method is a new high efficiency and high accuracy unit. Along with the gradual improvement method of numerical analysis, particularly the rapid development of computer operation speed, the whole calc
23、ulation system for solving operations less time, and data preparation and operation result performance problem is getting more and more outstanding. In todays engineering workstation, solving a contains 10 million equation with the finite element model requires only a few minutes. But if use manual
24、way to build the model, and then the calculation result is handling large amounts of time needs a few weeks. It is no exaggeration to say, engineers in analysis and calculation have an engineering problem more than 80% of the energy is spent on data preparation and analysis of the results. So now al
25、most all the commercial finite element program system has powerful lead modeling and rear data processing module. In emphasizing visual today, many procedures are established to very User friendly GUI (with), little User with visual graphic User can quickly way grid directly generate finite element
26、analysis, automatic dividing the data, and required the amount of calculation results consolidation deformation figure, equivalent to cloud, facilitate extremum distribution list of search and required data output. 4 and seamless integration of CAD software of finite element analysis system today wi
27、th general another characteristic is the integration of CAD software in use namely, complete with CAD software components and parts after the modelling design, automatically generating finite element mesh and calculate, if the analysis results do not comply with the design requirements are calculate
28、d to restart modelling and, until satisfaction, thus greatly improve the design level and efficiency. Today, engineers can in the integration of CAD and FEA software environment quickly solve a in the past can deal with complex engineering analysis problem. So todays all commercial finite element sy
29、stem developed and famous auto-producers CAD software (for example Pro/e, SolidEdge, SolidWorks Unigraphics, Bentley and AutoCAD, IDEAS, etc) interface. 5 in the development of the Wintel platform of early finite element analysis software are basically in large and medium-sized computers (mainly Mai
30、nframe) on the development or operation, and later developed to Engineering workstations (EWS, Engineering WorkStation) as a platform, their common characteristic is all adopt the UNIX operating system. The PC has made the application of computer fundamental changes happened on her desk, the enginee
31、r eager to finish complex engineering analysis dreams to become a reality. But early PC using 16-bit CPU and DOS operating system, the memory data block limited public, so was the size of the calculation model should not exceed 1 000 order equation. Microsoft Windows operating system and the Intel P
32、entium processor 32-bit for will launch the PC provides necessary for finite element analysis software and hardware of the support platform. Therefore the internationally famous finite element program research and development institutions have their software shifted to the Wintel platform. The table
33、 below lists the ADINA V7.3 version with the PCs Windows NT environment and SGI workstation and four engineering example calculated the time needed to solve. It shows the latest high-grade PC already and the solving ability of neck-and-neck EWS cheap. Table V7.3 edition ADINA running time of several
34、 machines comparison Characteristics of computational problems Equation several NEQ Running time (in seconds) PentiumII450MHZ PentiumIII450MHZ Engineering workstations Nonlinear 3d contact (calculation step) 51159 219 188 219 Linear static analysis 58707 262 234 249 Dynamic analysis frequency calcul
35、ation 31205 311 258 287 Three-dimensional flow analysis 36162 218 183 208 For large and medium-sized computers and EWS in developed on finite element program shifted to PE machine, often need to adopt the Hummingbird company Exceed a simulation software. The result more troublesome, and cant make fu
36、ll use of the PC software and hardware resources. So recently some companies, such as IDEAS, ADINA and R&D began in Windows platform development finite element program, called Native Windows versions, and on their PCS in the Linux operating system environment development of finite element program pa
37、ckages. Domestic development situation and prospects of the United States in 1979 SAP5 linear structure static, dynamic analysis program to introduce transplant success, domestic application lifted the universal finite element program to the climax of the analysis and calculation of engineering prob
38、lems. The climax continued until 1981 ADINA nonlinear structural analysis program has been introduced, at that time many cannot solve engineering problems are solved. Everybody also began to understand the finite element analysis program is really engineer for the analysis of the application of comp
39、uter the important tool. But was limited to domestic large and medium-sized computers seldom, only about the hangzhou steam turbine factory Siemens7738 and shenyang blower factory IBM4310 installation of the program, so the user calculate very inconvenient and expensive. PCs emergence and its perfor
40、mance miraculously enhance, for transplantation and development PC version of the finite element program provides the necessary operation platform. Say the development of domestic FEA is always fuss around PC platforms. In domestic development more successful and have more users (100 more) finite el
41、ement analysis system has dalian university of technology FIFEX95, the department of engineering force of Beijing university of science and engineering mechanics SAP84, China academy of machinery science MAS5.0 and hangzhou automation technology institute MFEP4. 0, etc. But as described above, forei
42、gn many famous finite element analysis company has shrugged off to a PC platform from years of development for keen, change the FEA program developers development domestic PC version, and should no longer has the advantage from the following several aspects effort: 1 research and development solutio
43、n of a solid mechanics and interdisciplinary FEA program after decades of research and development, and to solve the finite element method and the solid mechanics software has more mature, now the forefront of research problem is fluid dynamics, compressible and non-compressible fluid flow from soli
44、d mechanics and interdisciplinary problem. No similar functions to the domestic commercial software, so foreign software, they sell very expensive. In order to break the monopoly situation, we must develop have independent copyright, used to analyze the fluid is not solid mechanics and interdiscipli
45、nary software. Because fluid mechanics problem is far more complex than solid and rarely have a ready-made software can reference, therefore requires a lot of manpower and funds. It must have countries and large enterprise groups to support. 2 development with Chinese characteristics automatic model
46、ing technology and GUI development modeling technology and the investment than mere the foregoing subject to GUI much less, but can greatly improve the performance of the FEA software and user acceptance, thus plays twice the result with half the effort. The domestic many people in this respect did
47、a lot of work, but it was the PC graphics support environment is limited, therefore the development effect be not all very ideal. Windows provides for OpenGL graphics standard, PC application in visual graphics technology to developing GUI provides powerful tools. Todays international OpenGL is gene
48、rally recognized high-performance graphics and interactive visual processing standards, apply it to the 3d graphics software developed by the endearment of professional and technical personnel in the world, now dominant computer companies have adopted this standard. As mentioned, in recent years the
49、 FEA program has cast abroad some simulation software, directly on Windows platform development finite element program. Hangzhou automation technology institute 1997-1999 using OpenGL graphics standard and the corresponding Visual c + + programming tools, such as in PC successfully developed a set of visualization finite element program packages. It can directly through the menu, the window, dialog box and icon visual graphic pictures and symbols su
