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1、1 绪论通过查阅一些文献我们可以了解到带式传动装置的设计情况，为我所要做的课题确定研究的方向和设计的内容。1.1 带传动带传动是机械设备中应用较多的传动装置之一，主要有主动轮、从动轮和传动带组成。工作时靠带与带轮间的摩擦或啮合实现主、从动轮间运动和动力的传递。带传动具有结构简单、传动平稳、价格低廉、缓冲吸振及过载打滑以保护其他零件的优点。1.2圆锥-圆柱齿轮传动减速器YK系列圆锥-圆柱齿轮传动减速器适用的工作条件：环境温度为-4040度；输入轴转速不得大于1500r/min,齿轮啮合线速度不大于25m/s，电机启动转矩为减速器额定转矩的两倍。YK系列的特点：采用一级圆弧锥齿轮和一、二、三级圆柱
2、齿轮组合，把锥齿轮作为高速级（四级减速器时作为第二级），以减小锥齿轮的尺寸；齿轮均采用优质合金钢渗碳淬火、精加工而成，圆柱齿轮精度达到GB/T10095中的6级，圆锥齿轮精度达到GB/T11365中的7级；中心距、公称传动比等主要参数均采用R20优先数系；结构上采用模块式设计方法，主要零件可以互换；除底座式实心输出轴的基本型外，还派生出输出轴为空心轴的有底座悬挂结构；有多中润滑、冷却、装配型式。所以有较大的覆盖面，可以满足较多工业部门的使用要求。减速器的选用原则：（1）按机械强度确定减速器的规格。减速器的额定功率P1N 是按载荷平稳、每天工作小于等于10h、每小时启动5次、允许启动转矩为工作转
3、矩的两倍、单向运转、单对齿轮的接触强度安全系数为1、失效概率小于等于1%等条件算确定.当载荷性质不同，每天工作小时数不同时，应根据工作机载荷分类按各种系数进行修正.减速器双向运转时，需视情况将P1N乘上0.71.0的系数，当反向载荷大、换向频繁、选用的可靠度KR较低时取小值，反之取大值。功率按下式计算：P2m=P2*KA*KS*KR ，其中P2 为工作功率； KA 为使用系数； KS 为启动系数； KR 为可靠系数。（2）热功率效核.减速器的许用热功率PG适用于环境温度20，每小时100%连续运转和功率利用律（指P2/P1N100%）为100%的情况，不符合上述情况时，应进行修正。（3）校核轴
4、伸部位承受的径向载荷。2结构设计2.1V带传动带传动设计时，应检查带轮的尺寸与其相关零部件尺寸是否协调。例如对于安装在减速器或电动机轴上的带轮外径应与减速器、电动机中心高相协调，避免与机座或其它零、部件发生碰撞。 2.2减速器内部的传动零件减速器外部传动件设计完成后，可进行减速器内部传动零件的设计计算。1） 齿轮材料的选择应与齿坯尺寸及齿坯的制造方法协调。如齿坯直径较大需用铸造毛坯时，应选铸刚或铸铁材料。各级大、小齿轮应该可能减少材料品种。2） 蜗轮材料的选者与相对滑动速度有关。因此，设计时可按初估的滑速度选择材料。在传动尺寸确定后，校核起滑动速度是否在初估值的范围内，检查所选材料是否合适。3
5、） 传动件的尺寸和参数取值要正确、合理。齿轮和蜗轮的模数必须符合标准。圆柱齿轮和蜗杆传动的中心距应尽量圆整。对斜齿轮圆柱齿轮传动还可通过改变螺旋角的大小来进行调整。根据设计计算结果，将传动零件的有关数据和尺寸整理列表，并画出其结构简图，以备在装配图设计和轴、轴承、键联结等校核计算时应用。联轴器的选择减速器的类型应该根据工作要求选定。联接电动机轴与减速器，由于轴的转速高，一般应选用具有缓冲、吸振作用的弹性联轴器，例如弹性套柱销联轴器、弹性柱销联轴器。减速器低速轴（输出轴）与工作机轴联接用的连周期，由于轴的转速较低，传递的转距较大，又因为减速器轴与工作机轴之间往往有较大的轴线偏移，因此常选用刚性可
6、以移动联轴器，例如滚子链联轴器、齿式联轴器。对于中、小型减速器，其输出与工作机轴的轴线便宜不很大时，也可以选用弹性柱销联轴器这类弹性可移式联轴器。联轴器型号按计算转距进行选择。所选定的联轴器，起轴孔直径的范围应与被联接两轴的直径相适应。应注意减速器高速轴外伸段轴径与电动机的轴径不得相差很大，否则难以选择合适的联轴器。3 设计计算过程及说明3.1选择电动机3.1.1电动机类型和结构型式选择Y系列笼型三相异步电动机,卧式闭型电电动机。3.1.2选择电动机容量工作机所需功率=7.98kw =80.7r/min电动机的输出功率=10.4kw=*.* =0.82*0.98*0.95*0.98*0.97*
7、0.98*0.98*0.97*0.98*0.98*0.99*0.96=0.77确定电动机的额定功率Ped=Pd3.1.3选择电动机的转速同步转速 1500r/min。3.1.4确定电动机型号选择 Y160M-4 额定功率 11kw 转速 1460r/min3.2传动装置的总传动比及其分配i=18.1 带传动 i=2 圆锥 i= 2.5 圆柱 i= 43.3计算传动装置的运动和动力装置参数各轴转速: 电动机轴 =1460r/min 减速箱输入轴 =486.7 r/min 高速轴 =235.1 r/min 低速轴 =58.8 r/min各轴输入功率: =11kw =*0.95=10.45kw=*0
8、.98*0.97*0.98=9.73KW=*0.98*0.97*0.98=9.07KW各轴转矩:T0=9550*/=72.0N*m T1=9550*/=205.0 N*m T2=9550*/=395.2 N*m T3=9550*/=1493.1 N*m3.4带传动设计3.4.1定v带型号和带轮直径工作情况系数 =1.1计算功率 =1.1*11=12.1kw选带型号 A型小带轮直径 =100mm大带轮直径 =(1-0.01)*100*3=297mm大带轮转速 = =481.8r/min3.4.2计算带长求 = (+)/2 =198.5mm求 =(-)/2=98.5mm2(+)=a=0.7*(+)
9、初取中心距 a=600mm带长 L=Dm+2*a+=1839.5基准长度 =2000mm求中心距和包角中心距 a= + =344.18+337.06=681.24120数求带根 v=3.14*/(60*1000)=7.64m/s传动比 i=/=2带根数 =1.32kw =0.95 =1.03 P=0.17kw z=/(+)*)=12.1/(1.32+0.17)*0.95*1.03)=8.3 取9根求轴上载荷张紧力 =500*/v*z(2.5-)/+qv*v=500*12.1/(7.64*9)*(2.5-0.95)/0.95+0.10*=149.3N轴上载荷 =2*sin(/2)=2*9*149
10、.3*sin(162.6/2)=2656.5N3.5齿轮传动设计直齿锥齿: 轴交角=90 传递功率P=10.45kw 小齿轮转速=486.7r/m 传动比i=2.07载荷平稳,直齿为刨齿,小齿轮40Cr,调质处理,241HB286HB平均260HB,大齿轮用45号钢,217HB255HB 平均230HB齿面接触疲劳强度计算齿数和精度等级 取=24 =i*=48 选八级精度使用系数=1.0 动载荷系数=1.15齿间载荷分配系数 估计*Ft/b100N/mm cos=u/=2/=0.89 cos=1/=1/=0.44=/ cos=24/0.89=26.97=/ cos=48/0.44=109.1v
11、=(1.88-3.2(1/(2*)+1/(2*)cos=1.85=0.85=1.4齿向载荷分布函数 =1.9载荷系数 =1*1.5*1.4*1.9=3.99转矩 =9.55*=9.55*10.45/486.7=20505N.mm弹性系数 =189.8节点区域系数 =2.5接触疲劳强度 =710Mpa=680Mpa接触最小安全系数=1.5接触寿命系数 =1.0许用接触应力 = */=710*/1.05=676Mpa = */=680*/1.05=648Mpa小轮大端分度圆直径 =0.3 =70mm验算圆周速度及Ka*Ft/b =(1-0.5R) =(1-0.5R)70=59.5mm =3.145
12、9.5*486.7/60000=1.5m/s = b=*R=*d/(2*sin)=*/(2*=20.4mm*/b=1.0*689.2/20.4=33.8N/mm100N/mm确定传动尺寸大端模数 m=/=70/24=2.9mm实际大端分度圆直径d =m=3*24=84 =m=3*48=144b=*R=0.3*80.5=24.15mm齿根弯曲疲劳强度计算齿面系数 =2.72 =2.38应力修正系数 =1.66 =1.78重合度系数 =0.25+0.75/ =0.25+0.75/0.85=0.66齿间载荷分配系数 */b100N/mm =1/=1/0.66=1.56载荷系数 =1*1.15*1.5
13、6*1.9=3.4弯曲疲劳极限 =600MPa=570MPa弯曲最小安全系数 =1.25弯曲寿命系数 =1.0尺寸系数 =1.0许用弯曲应力 = lim/=600*1.0*1.0/1.25=480MPa =570*1.0*1.0/1.25=456MPa验算 =152=152*2.38*1.78/(2.72*1.66)=142.6MPa标准斜齿圆柱齿轮 小齿轮用40Cr调质处理,硬度241HB286HB 平均260MPa 大齿轮用45号钢,调质处理,硬度229HB286HB 平均241MPa初步计算转矩=9.55*9.73/235.1=39524N.mm齿数系数=1.0值 取=85初步计算的许用
14、接触应力H1=0.96Hlim1=0.9*710=619MPa H2=0.9Hlim2=1.9*580=522MPa初步计算的小齿轮直径 =Ad=85*=48.1mm取 d1=50mm初步尺宽b=d*=1*50=50mm校核计算圆周速度 v=0.62m/s精度等级 选九级精度齿数z和模数m 初步齿数=19; =i*19=4*19=76和螺旋角 =/=50/19=2.63158 =2.5mm =arcos=arccos2.5/2.63158=18.2使用系数 =1.10动载系数 =1.5齿间载荷分配系数 =2*39524/50=1581N=1.1*1.581/50=34N/mm100N/mm=1
15、.88-3.21/+1/cos=1.88-3.25*(1/19+1/76)cos18.2 =1.59=2.0=1.59+2.0=3.59= arctan=arctan=20.9cos =cos18.220cos/20.9cos=0.95齿向载荷分布系数 =A+B1+0.6*+c*b/1000=1.36 =* * =1.10*1.05*1.76*1.36=2.76弹性系数 =189.8节点区域系数 =2.5重合度系数 取螺旋角系数 =许用接触应力验算=189.8*2.38*0.97=647MPa690MPa齿根弯曲疲劳强度验算齿行系数YFa = Y=2.72 Y=2.2应力修正系数 =1.56
16、=1.79重合度系数 =1.61 螺旋角系数 齿向载荷分配系数 =1.76 齿向载荷分布系数 b/h=50.(2.25*2.5)=8.9 =1.27载荷系数 K=*许用弯曲应力 验算 3.6轴的设计输入轴选用45钢调质 取 d=35mm计算齿轮受力 =84mm =(1-0.5 =689.2N =tan=计算支反力水平面反力 =1102.7N =-413.5N垂直面反力 =-1235.7N =4115.5N水平面受力图 垂直面受力图 水平面弯矩图垂直弯矩图合成弯矩图转矩图许用应力许用应力值 应力校正系数 当量弯矩图 轴径 高速轴轴材料选用45钢调质, 取 d=40mm计算螺旋角 齿轮直径 小轮
17、= 大轮小齿轮受力 转矩=9.55*圆周力 =2*/=2*39524/50=1581N 径向力画小齿轮轴受力图水平反力 =1358.1N =912.1N垂直反力 =594.7N =103.3N水平受力图垂直受力图水平弯矩图垂直弯矩图合成弯矩图画转矩图应力校正系数 画当量弯矩图 =50220N.mm校核轴径 =20.340mm低速轴 材料同前两轴 画大齿轮受力图计算支反力 水平反力 =1185.8 =395.2N 垂直反力 =21.2N =584.6N垂直受力图水平弯矩图垂直弯矩图合成弯矩图转矩图当量弯矩 校核轴径 =26e /=0.3e查表 =0.4 =1.6 =1 =0当量动载荷 =*(*+
18、*)=1.0*(0.4*1177.7+1.6*1228.4)=2436.5N=*(*+*)= 4297.0N轴承寿命 =同样,高速轴承和低速轴承分别用选用圆锥滚子轴承30210和30213。3.8键的选择 输入轴 L=20 (mm)高速轴 L=20低速轴 L=30T=3.9减速机箱体的设计 名称 符号 尺寸关系 结果 箱座壁厚 =0.025*a+38 箱盖壁厚 =0.02*a+38 a=箱体凸缘厚度 , b=1.5=15;=1.5=15;=2.5=25加强肋厚度 , m=0.85=8.5; =0.85=8.5地脚螺栓直径 14地脚螺栓数目 n 4轴承旁连接螺栓直径 0.75箱盖,箱座连接螺栓直
19、径 ;螺栓间L轴承盖螺钉直径数目 ,n =8 n=4轴承盖外径 =s(两连接螺栓间的距离)观察孔螺钉直径 轴承旁凸台高度和直径 h, h由结构决定, =箱体外壁至轴承座端面距离 +3.10减速器附件设计3.10.1窥视孔和视孔盖待添加的隐藏文字内容2窥视孔应该在箱盖顶部,以便观察,应在凸台上以便加工。3.10.2通气器在箱盖顶部,要适合环境,其尺寸要与减速器大小相合适。3.10.3油面指示器应该设在油面比较稳定的地方,如低速轴附近。用圆形油标,有标尺的位置不能太高和太低,以免溢出油标尺孔座。3.10.4放油孔和螺塞放在油的最低处,平时用螺塞塞住,放油孔不能低于油池面,以免排油不净。3.10.5
20、起吊装置吊环可按起重重量选择,箱盖安装吊环螺钉处设置凸台,以使吊环螺钉有足够的深度。3.10.6定位销用圆锥销作定位销,两定位销的距离越远越可靠,常设在箱体连接凸缘处的对角处,对称布置。直径d=0.8d2。3.10.7起盖螺钉装在箱盖连接凸缘上,其螺纹长度大于箱体凸缘厚度,直径可与连接螺钉相同。3.11密封与润滑轴承采用接触式密封。传动采用浸油润滑,尽量使各传动浸油深度相同。轴承润滑采用刮油润滑。4 设计小结通过这次设计让我了解到机械设计是从使用要求等出发，对机械的工作原理、结构、运动形式、力和能量的传递方式，以及各个零件的材料和形状尺寸等问题进行构思、分析和决策的工作过程，这种过程的结果要表
21、达成设计图纸、说明书及各种技术文件。通过带式输送机传动装置的设计,了解了带式输送机传动装置的原理以及其结构。从带式输送机传动装置的设计，我学到了机械设计的思想-以最少的成本达到最好的目的,以最简单的结构达到所需的功能。设计思想中最突出得的是-合理二字。整个设计过程使我受益非浅。5参考文献1 王昆等主编,机械设计课程设计,武汉: 高等教育出版社,1995。2 邱宣怀主编,机械设计.第四版,北京:高等教育出版社,1997。3 濮良贵主编,机械设计.第七版,西安: 高等教育出版社,2000。4 任金泉主编,机械设计课程设计,西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002。5 许镇宁主编,机械零件,北京:人民教育
22、出版社,1959。6 Tragfahigkeitsberechnung Von Stirn-und Kegelradern (DIN 3990), 1970。Emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your e
23、mployer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the organisations listed underFurther help. Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oa
24、th or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underFurther help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seeDismi
25、ssal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. Remember that in most cas
26、es you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i. If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you If you
27、 are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as adamages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you
28、 win the case.youre clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an
29、employment tribunal, seeEmployment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch m Cay man Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to
30、 be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Ya ya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Mic
31、hel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA.Age has reached t
32、he end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself s
33、hould go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子；或许是追溯过去，对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒悟，这些天以来，思绪一直很凌乱，在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己似乎应该去做点什么，或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅，突然就感觉到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and c
34、an meet many things really do?而穷尽我们的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the rea
35、l growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was even
36、tually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年时，觉得压岁钱和新衣服是过年必备，但是随着年龄的推进，会越来越发现，那些东西根本就可有可无；初中时，以为要有一场暗恋才意味着真正的成长，但三年过去后，自己心平气和的写
37、同学录的时候，突然就发现是不是真正的成长了，好像并没有那么重要了；然后到了高中，觉得非要吐露出自己的心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一个句点，但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉，后来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场，看着他投过篮球的球框时，突然间发现自己已经想不起他的容颜。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原来，这个世界上，对某个事件能产生化学反应的，除了非做不可的坚决，还有，时间。A pers
38、ons time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like sha
39、dow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一个人的时候，自己的想法总是特别地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明确，好像没有什么可以撼动自己。也曾经好像已经下定了决心去做某件事，但更多的时候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦，最终却发现有很多缘分，有很多错过，好像冥冥之中真的已经注定。那些曾经所谓的非做不可，只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂，或者说，是自以为是的精神寄托
40、罢了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. Those years
41、, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是阴暗的，空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件蓝格子衬衫；那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸；那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊；还有那场还没有开始就宣告了终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可，终于和青春一样，都将在我们的人生中谢幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attac
